Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development最新文献

{"title":"The Changing Landscape of Climate Change: NAMAs, SIDS and Tourism","authors":"P. Burns, Ibrahim Vishan","doi":"10.1080/1479053X.2010.502391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1479053X.2010.502391","url":null,"abstract":"Small islands have been identified by a number of sources as being particularly vulnerable to climate change—an ironic outcome given that their contribution to historic and present global warming is negligible. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), which are intended to be at the centre of some actions on low carbon development pathways have their roots in the Bali Action Plan of 2007 and emphasise the role of the UNFCCC theme of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’ in global efforts to tackle climate change. The present paper looks at progress by Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in submitting NAMAs to UNFCCC. The research, which is a work in progress, shows that whilst tourism is vitally important to many SIDS, submissions so far seem to have neglected tourism and seems to indicate a weakness in the framework of NAMAs in relation to sector-specific plans thus reducing their effectiveness in achieving reduced emissions at the level of small nation state.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116737276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Climate Change on Small Hotels in Granada, Spain","authors":"Nigel Jarvis, A. Ortega","doi":"10.1080/1479053X.2010.502389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1479053X.2010.502389","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates how small hotels in Granada, Spain are responding to climate change. Few hospitality and tourism studies, and those that focus on climate change, consider small firms' perspectives and thus this paper provides a voice to the sector. It explores whether small hotels are aware of climate change issues in their day-to-day operations, and how they are strategically responding to the change. The findings are framed by Lewin's (1951) three step theory, a cornerstone for understanding organisational change. The research findings, based on interviews with 11 small hotel owners and managers, indicate most of the hotels showed concern and some awareness about the impacts of climate change on tourism in Granada, but did not think the impacts would significantly affect their establishments. Some of the hotels were already employing environmental management strategies but felt that the local city council should act as a catalyst for further and co-ordinated action on climate change and provide support to the local small hotel sector. Local political inaction was seen as a major barrier to responding to climate change. The majority of hotels had difficulty relating to Lewin's model. Instead the results show managing change should be considered as a continuous process more than a set of distinct and discrete steps.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122384521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implications of Climate Change Mitigation Policy and Oil Price Volatility for Tourism Arrivals to the Caribbean","authors":"Laurel Pentelow, D. Scott","doi":"10.1080/1479053X.2010.502390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1479053X.2010.502390","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, tourism is a non-negligible contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily through tourist transport, and in particular rapidly increasing air travel. A number of policy proposals to reduce GHG emissions from domestic and international aviation have been introduced between 2005 and 2009. Oil price volatility, especially since 2008, has forced airlines to make adjustments to flight schedules and even to add fuel surcharges to plane tickets. Tourism destinations dependent on long-haul air travel have expressed concern about the potential impact of change mitigation policies and high oil prices on tourist mobility and arrivals to their countries. A tourist arrivals model was constructed to examine whether aviation sector mitigation policy introduced in the major market regions of the European Union and North America, coupled with a return to recent oil price market volatility might adversely affect tourist arrivals to the Caribbean region. A sensitivity analysis that included 18 scenarios with different combinations of three GHG mitigation policy scenarios for aviation (represented by varied carbon prices), two oil price projections, and three price elasticity estimates, representing the range in the air travel economics literature, was conducted to examine the impact on air travel arrivals from eight outbound market nations to the Caribbean region. Results indicate that under proposed aviation sector mitigation policies and the range of oil price projections currently available, growth in visitor numbers through to 2020 would decrease only slightly (−1.3% to −4.3%) relative to a reference scenario based on recent growth trends. A detailed case study of Jamaica further revealed the different sensitivity of market segments (package vacations) to climate policy and oil price related increases in air travel costs and the economic implications of reduced growth in tourist arrivals. As the international policy framework for managing GHG emissions from bunker fuels (air and marine transport) solidifies, further research will be required to understand the implications for tourist mobility, tour operator routing and the longer-term risks to tourism development in the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121829959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will the Mediterranean Become “Too Hot” for Tourism? A Reassessment","authors":"M. Rutty, D. Scott","doi":"10.1080/1479053X.2010.502386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1479053X.2010.502386","url":null,"abstract":"Climate, particularly temperature, is one of the most important resources of a tourist destination. With projected climate change in the twenty-first century, this attribute of tourism destinations is anticipated to change, leading some to conclude that the Mediterranean region will become “too hot” for tourist comfort in the peak summer season by as early as the 2020s or 2030s. This study sought to reassess these claims in the literature and media. Perceptions of “too hot” for comfortable tourism activities at beach and urban destinations was quantified for the young adult travel segment by means of a survey of 850 university students in five countries that represent source markets for the Mediterranean (Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland). The threshold that defines “unacceptably hot” for the majority of respondents was then compared against thermal conditions (temperature and humidity) in a baseline climate (1961–1990), and an early (2011–2035), mid (2046–2065) and late century (2080–2099) climate change scenario (A1B) for 10 Mediterranean destinations. By early century under the warmest available climate change scenario, no additional beach or urban destination became unacceptably hot. By mid century, thermal conditions for two additional beach and one additional urban destination became “too hot” during the peak summer months. In the late century scenario, several, but not all, of the destinations (four beach and five urban destinations) were found to exceed the stated “unacceptably hot” thresholds in the summer months. However, given this length of time and the potential for northern European travellers to acclimatize to warmer average temperatures at home, it remains uncertain whether the thermal comfort threshold identified by this sample will persist. An important contrasting point is that at the same time there is a larger decrease in the number of months that are considered “unacceptably cool” for both a beach and urban holiday and an increase in months that become “ideal”. The findings hold important implications for critically assessing the potential impact of climate change in the study area and other destinations more broadly, and can be used to refine models intended to predict the influence of climatic change on the geographic and temporal patterns of international tourism.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127507831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropology and Climate Change: From Encounters to Actions","authors":"P. Burns","doi":"10.1080/1479053X.2010.502392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1479053X.2010.502392","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a major threat for society but clichéd messages from the media, mixed policies from governments, denial from corporations, and a dominance of quantitative method in the science reporting have moved together to form a dust cloud that masks the value of qualitative society-based studies. These knowledge-gap implications can cause “significant areas of confusion, ambivalence [with] potential ‘denial’. . .still worryingly prominent” (Anable et al., 2005, p. 5). The growing number of actors and networks taking a variety of positions on climate change, ranging from George Monbiot’s “we have to stop flying” (2009) to corporate obfuscation of the type alleged by Greenpeace (no date) has added to the liquidity of the arguments framing climate change issues. This collection of 24 essays plus comprehensive introductory chapter and epilogue creates something of a landmark in bringing the discipline of anthropology (oftentimes located in development studies) to the wild world of climate change. The book provides a single source that captures anthropology’s interaction with what is increasingly being recognised as the meta-problem facing humanity: climate change. In so doing, it makes a mockery of the managerialism creeping into research monitoring in universities where academics are being told “chapters in books don’t count” or “edited books don’t count”. Be very assured, not only do the chapters in this book count, but Crane and Nuttall have done us all a favour by the value-added they have bought to the scientific community by producing this edited volume. While not straying too far into politicised advocacy, the book does indeed make a ‘call for action’ through the third part. But I am getting ahead of myself; first things first. The introduction maps out the territory with a sweeping literature review and commentary on the state of the art of anthropology as it deals with climate change immediately bringing home the message with insights such as indigenous peoples “seeing insects [for the first time] for which they have no name in their language” (p. 9). Crane and Nuttall suspect that “environment and cultural change, far beyond the reach of restoration, is occurring” (p. 10). They ask questions about the role of anthropologists in observing and reporting human changes, adaptation and resilience as communities respond to the changing weather and climatic conditions. The questions framing the book are about what insights are to be gained as anthropologists try to “translate, advocate, educate, and mediate. . .the complexities of everyday life in relation to climate change” (p. 10). They describe climate change as a “threat multiplier [that] magnifies and exacerbates existing social, economic, Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development Vol. 7, No. 3, 329–331, August 2010","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125205486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Essence of the Climate Change Adaptation Problem—A Case Study of the Tourism Sector at Alpine Shire, Victoria, Australia","authors":"Carolina Román, A. Lynch, D. Dominey‐Howes","doi":"10.1080/1479053X.2010.503049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1479053X.2010.503049","url":null,"abstract":"A problem-orientated and interdisciplinary approach was employed at Alpine Shire, in north-east Victoria, Australia, to explore the concept of contextual vulnerability and adaptability to stressors that include, but are not limited to climatic change. Using a policy sciences approach, the objective was to identify factors that influence existing vulnerabilities that might consequently act as barriers to effective adaptation for the tourism sector. This paper presents initial analyses carried out to clarify adaptation goals through problem definition. Results suggest that many threats, including the effects of climate change, compete for the resources, strategy and direction of local tourism management bodies. An approximation of the common interest, i.e. enhancing capacity in business acumen amongst tourism operators, would facilitate adaptability and sustainability through the enhancement of social capital in this business community.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131625943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Initiatives in Bed and Breakfast Establishments in Canada: Scope and Major Challenges with Implementation","authors":"Merel van Haastert, Danuta de Grosbois","doi":"10.1080/14790531003755286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790531003755286","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to investigate the implementation of environmental practices in small firms in the hospitality industry, namely bed and breakfast establishments. The issues addressed include motivations, scope of environmental initiatives and challenges faced during their implementation. The study is based on interviews with eight bed and breakfast owners in the Niagara Region in Canada. The research indicated a limited scope of environmental initiatives at bed and breakfast establishments. The majority of the initiatives had a cost savings nature and include different actions aimed at energy conservation, water conservation and waste management. Further analysis indicated three major types of barriers to adoption of environmental practices by tourism micro businesses: budgetary constraints, lack of knowledge and conflict with customer attitudes and expectations. The study specifically highlights significant lack of understanding of the sustainability terminology and very low awareness of the impacts of the business activity on the environment by the owners of bed and breakfast establishments and calls for additional education and training on sustainability for small business owners.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123504610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourism and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Mauritius","authors":"R. Sharpley, P. Naidoo","doi":"10.1080/14790531003737169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790531003737169","url":null,"abstract":"Although development policies in general, and tourism development in particular, have long been implicitly concerned with meeting the needs of the poor, poverty reduction has become a more explicit objective of development over the last decade. That is, not only has poverty reduction become a global development goal but also increasing attention has been paid to so-called pro-poor tourism as a specific means of addressing poverty. Nevertheless, surprisingly limited academic attention has been paid to the topic. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to address this gap in the literature. Reviewing the meaning of poverty and the concept of pro-poor tourism, it explores a number of initiatives in Mauritius that seek to enhance tourism's contribution to alleviating poverty and other social needs, focusing in particular on the recent Integrated Resort Scheme. In so doing, it identifies a number of issues and challenges facing pro-poor tourism initiatives both in Mauritius and more generally, and concludes that although tourism may bring shorter-term economic benefits to the poor, by itself it is unlikely to make a longer-term, sustainable contribution to poverty reduction.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121524453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing Paradise and the Lessons from Samoa's 1992–2001 Tourism Master Plan","authors":"P. Burns","doi":"10.1080/14790531003737136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790531003737136","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism master planning for small island developing states (SIDS) has been framed and dominated by donor aid agencies and their executive institutions including the World Bank, various United Nations agencies, and regional development banks as well as the European Union. The paper argues that for the South Pacific, this framing has been a western construct based, in part, on the myth of paradise and notions of Saidian “Other”. The Samoa Plan for 1992–2001 is a typical example of this problem, which has wider implications for other SIDS. The paper undertakes, from a historical perspective, a detailed critical analysis of the plan (undertaken by the then EU Tourism Council of the South Pacific) concluding that a) the flaws and contradictions in tourism master planning could have been avoided by a more careful reading of classic planning texts from as early as the 1960s, and b) the plans are too complicated, take little account of local sensibilities, and fail to recognise the balance that needs to be struck between national plans and the regional context in geographic locations where individual island states are, in effect, too small to ignore intra-regional cooperation.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131601321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/14790531003755351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790531003755351","url":null,"abstract":"Julia N. Albrecht is a Lecturer in Tourism Management at the Victoria Management School, Victoria University of Wellington. She received her PhD in Tourism from the University of Otago in 2009. With a background in geography, political science and planning, her research interests include tourism policy and planning and the roles and relationships of different stakeholders. She teaches in the areas of visitor management, tourism research methods and tourism entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":130558,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126051298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}