HypertensionPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22838
Yasmin Dickinson, Ruth Boehni, Rima Obeid, Jean-Pierre Knapp, Rudolf Moser, Adam J Lewandowski, Gillian Douglas, Paul Leeson, Keith M Channon, Surawee Chuaiphichai
{"title":"Novel Role of 5-Methyl-(6S)-Tetrahydrofolate in Mediating Endothelial Cell Tetrahydrobiopterin in Pregnancy and Implications for Gestational Hypertension.","authors":"Yasmin Dickinson, Ruth Boehni, Rima Obeid, Jean-Pierre Knapp, Rudolf Moser, Adam J Lewandowski, Gillian Douglas, Paul Leeson, Keith M Channon, Surawee Chuaiphichai","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22838","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Folate intake during pregnancy is essential for fetal development and maternal health. However, the specific effects of folic acid (FA) and 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain unclear. We investigated whether FA and 5-MTHF have different effects on endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism in pregnancy and the possible consequences for endothelial NO generation, maternal blood pressure, and fetal growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the maternal blood pressure in pregnant wild-type (<i>Gch1<sup>fl/fl</sup></i>) and <i>Gch1<sup>fl/fl</sup></i> Tie2cre mice treated with either FA or 5-MTHF starting before pregnancy, mid-pregnancy or late pregnancy. BH4, superoxide, and NO bioavailability were determined in mouse and human models of endothelial cell BH4 deficiency by high-performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro studies in mouse and human endothelial cells showed that treatment with 5-MTHF, but not FA, elevated BH4 levels, reduced superoxide production, and increased NO synthase activity. In primary endothelial cells isolated from women with hypertensive pregnancies, exposure to 5-MTHF, but not FA, restored the reduction in BH4 levels and NO synthase activity. In vivo studies in mice revealed that oral treatment with 5-MTHF, but not FA, prevented and treated hypertension in pregnancy when administered either before or during pregnancy, respectively, and normalized placental and fetal growth restriction if administered from mid-gestation onward.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, these studies identify a critical role for 5-MTHF in endothelial cell function in pregnancy, related to endothelial cell BH4 availability and NO synthase activity. Thus, 5-MTHF represents a novel therapeutic agent that may potentially improve endothelial function in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by targeting endothelial cell BH4.</p>","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22790
Christopher B Overgaard, William Chan, Saqib Chowdhary, Rebecca L Zur, Rodrigo Wainstein, Vladimír Džavík, Christopher T Chan, John S Floras
{"title":"Coronary and Systemic Vasodilator Responsiveness of Patients Receiving Conventional Intermittent or Nocturnal Hemodialysis.","authors":"Christopher B Overgaard, William Chan, Saqib Chowdhary, Rebecca L Zur, Rodrigo Wainstein, Vladimír Džavík, Christopher T Chan, John S Floras","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22790","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nocturnal hemodialysis (nHD) restores the attenuated brachial artery vasodilator responsiveness of patients receiving conventional intermittent hemodialysis (iHD). Its impact on coronary vasodilatation is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated 25 patients on hemodialysis who fulfilled transplant criteria: 15 on iHD (4-hour sessions, 3 d/wk) and 10 on nHD (≈40 h/wk over 8-10-hour sessions) plus 6 control participants. Following diagnostic angiography, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary flow reserve and mean luminal diameter were quantified at baseline and during sequential intracoronary administration of adenosine (infusion and bolus), nitroglycerin (bolus), acetylcholine (infusion), acetylcholine coinfused with vitamin C, and, finally, sublingual nitroglycerin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coronary flow reserve in those receiving nHD was augmented relative to iHD (3.28±0.26 versus 2.17±0.12 [mean±SEM]; <i>P</i><0.03) but attenuated, relative to controls (4.80±0.63; <i>P</i>=0.011). Luminal dilatations induced by intracoronary adenosine and nitroglycerin were similar in nHD and controls but blunted in the iHD cohort (<i>P</i><0.05 versus both). ACh elicited vasodilatation in controls but constriction in both dialysis groups (both <i>P</i><0.05, versus control); vitamin C coinfusion had no effect. Sublingual nitroglycerin increased mid-left anterior descending diameter and reduced mean arterial pressure in controls (+15.2±2.68%; -16.00±1.60%) and in nHD recipients (+14.78±5.46%; -15.82±1.32%); iHD responses were markedly attenuated (+1.9±0.86%; -5.89±1.41%; <i>P</i><0.05, all comparisons).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Coronary and systemic vasodilator responsiveness to both adenosine and nitroglycerin is augmented in patients receiving nHD relative to those receiving iHD, whereas vasoconstrictor responsiveness to acetylcholine does not differ. By improving coronary conduit and microvascular function, nHD may reduce the cardiovascular risk of patients on dialysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23486
William B White
{"title":"Henry R. Black, MD (1942-2024).","authors":"William B White","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23486","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22824
Matthew B Maas, Simin Mahinrad, Sanaz Sedaghat, Kristine Yaffe, Lenore J Launer, R Nick Bryan, Stephen Sidney, Philip B Gorelick, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Farzaneh A Sorond
{"title":"Effects and Thresholds of Young to Midlife Vascular Risks on Brain Health.","authors":"Matthew B Maas, Simin Mahinrad, Sanaz Sedaghat, Kristine Yaffe, Lenore J Launer, R Nick Bryan, Stephen Sidney, Philip B Gorelick, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Farzaneh A Sorond","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22824","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vascular risk factors, particularly hypertension, are important contributors to accelerated brain aging. We sought to quantify vascular risk factor risks over adulthood and assess the empirical evidence for risk thresholds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used SBP (systolic blood pressure) and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index measurements collected from participants in the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) at 2- to 5-year intervals through year 30. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and domain-specific cognitive tests were performed at year 30. White matter hyperintensity volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. We used a 2-step method to fit longitudinal vascular risk factor exposures to optimized spline functions with mixed-effects models, then used the participant-specific random effects that characterized individual exposures over time in cross-sectional models adjusted for sex, race, age, and education to study effects on midlife brain health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Change in SBP up to 33 years of age was negatively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (-0.29 Montreal Cognitive Assessment <i>Z</i> score per mm Hg/y change [95% CI, -0.49 to -0.09]; <i>P</i>=0.005), with similar effects for SBP changes from 33 to 49 years of age (-0.08 [95% CI, -0.16 to 0.01]; <i>P</i>=0.08). We observed comparable, significant associations between SBP exposure during those ages, midlife performance on specific cognitive domains, and volume of white matter hyperintensity (all <i>P</i><0.05). SBP ≤111 mm Hg was the estimated threshold below which no harmful association with midlife cognitive performance was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SBP in early adulthood is the vascular risk factor most strongly associated with midlife cognitive performance and white matter hyperintensity burden, with SBP 111 mm Hg suggested as a harm threshold.</p>","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22857
Xiaqing Jiang, Pamela J Schreiner, Erica P Gunderson, Kristine Yaffe
{"title":"Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Brain Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study.","authors":"Xiaqing Jiang, Pamela J Schreiner, Erica P Gunderson, Kristine Yaffe","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22857","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To understand the role of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GH), in brain health earlier in life, we investigated the association of HDP with midlife cognition and brain health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied a prospective cohort of women, baseline age 18 to 30 years, who were assessed at study years 25 and 30 with a cognitive battery and a subset with brain magnetic resonance imaging. A history of HDP was defined based on self-report. We conducted linear regression to assess the association of a history of preeclampsia, GH, or no HDP with cognition and brain magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1441 women (mean age, 55.2±3.6 years), 202 reported preeclampsia and 112 reported GH. GH was associated with worse cognitive performance: global cognition (mean score, 23.2 versus 24.0; <i>P</i>=0.018), processing speed (67.5 versus 71.3; <i>P</i>=0.01), verbal fluency (29.5 versus 31.1; <i>P</i>=0.033), and a trend for executive function (24.3 versus 22.6; <i>P</i>=0.09), after multivariable adjustment. GH was associated with a greater 5-year decline in processing speed (mean change, -4.9 versus -2.7; <i>P</i>=0.049) and executive function (-1.7 versus 0.3; <i>P</i>=0.047); preeclampsia was associated with a greater 5-year decline on delayed verbal memory (-0.3 versus 0.1; <i>P</i>=0.041). GH and preeclampsia were associated with greater white matter hyperintensities in the parietal and frontal lobes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GH and preeclampsia are associated with cognition and white matter hyperintensities during midlife, with differences in cognitive domains and brain lobes. Women with HDP may need to be closely monitored for adverse brain outcomes starting in midlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000238
Adam P Bress, Timothy S Anderson, John M Flack, Lama Ghazi, Michael E Hall, Cheryl L Laffer, Carolyn H Still, Sandra J Taler, Kori S Zachrison, Tara I Chang
{"title":"The Management of Elevated Blood Pressure in the Acute Care Setting: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.","authors":"Adam P Bress, Timothy S Anderson, John M Flack, Lama Ghazi, Michael E Hall, Cheryl L Laffer, Carolyn H Still, Sandra J Taler, Kori S Zachrison, Tara I Chang","doi":"10.1161/HYP.0000000000000238","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYP.0000000000000238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past 3 decades, a substantial body of high-quality evidence has guided the diagnosis and management of elevated blood pressure (BP) in the outpatient setting. In contrast, there is a lack of comparable evidence for guiding the management of elevated BP in the acute care setting, resulting in significant practice variation. Throughout this scientific statement, we use the terms acute care and inpatient to refer to care received in the emergency department and after admission to the hospital. Elevated inpatient BP is common and can manifest either as asymptomatic or with signs of new or worsening target-organ damage, a condition referred to as hypertensive emergency. Hypertensive emergency involves acute target-organ damage and should be treated swiftly, usually with intravenous antihypertensive medications, in a closely monitored setting. However, the risk-benefit ratio of initiating or intensifying antihypertensive medications for asymptomatic elevated inpatient BP is less clear. Despite this ambiguity, clinicians prescribe oral or intravenous antihypertensive medications in approximately one-third of cases of asymptomatic elevated inpatient BP. Recent observational studies have suggested potential harms associated with treating asymptomatic elevated inpatient BP, which brings current practice into question. Despite the ubiquity of elevated inpatient BPs, few position papers, guidelines, or consensus statements have focused on improving BP management in the acute care setting. Therefore, this scientific statement aims to synthesize the available evidence, provide suggestions for best practice based on the available evidence, identify evidence-based gaps in managing elevated inpatient BP (asymptomatic and hypertensive emergency), and highlight areas requiring further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22571
Faith E Metlock, Thomas Hinneh, Chitchanok Benjasirisan, Abeer Alharthi, Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Ruth-Alma N Turkson-Ocran, Cheryl R Himmelfarb, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
{"title":"Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Hypertension Outcomes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Faith E Metlock, Thomas Hinneh, Chitchanok Benjasirisan, Abeer Alharthi, Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Ruth-Alma N Turkson-Ocran, Cheryl R Himmelfarb, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22571","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite ample evidence linking social determinants of health (SDoH) and hypertension outcomes, efforts to address SDoH in the context of hypertension prevention and self-management are not commensurate with the burden and impact of hypertension. To provide valuable insights into the development of targeted and effective strategies for preventing and managing hypertension, this systematic review, guided by the Healthy People 2030 SDoH framework, aims to summarize the inclusion, measurement, and evaluation of SDoH in studies examining hypertension outcomes, with a focus on characterizing SDoH constructs and summarizing the current evidence of their influence on hypertension outcomes. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of electronic databases identified 10 608 unique records, from which 57 articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. The studies, conducted nationally or regionally across the United States, revealed that higher educational attainment, health insurance coverage, income, and favorable neighborhood characteristics were associated with lower hypertension prevalence and better hypertension control among US adults. The findings underscore the importance of addressing SDoH such as education, health care access, economic stability, neighborhood environments, and social context to reduce hypertension disparities. Multilevel collaboration and community-engaged practices are necessary to tackle these disparities effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22703
Marta Cecchini, Tommaso Filippini, Paul K Whelton, Inga Iamandii, Silvia Di Federico, Giuseppe Boriani, Marco Vinceti
{"title":"Alcohol Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies.","authors":"Marta Cecchini, Tommaso Filippini, Paul K Whelton, Inga Iamandii, Silvia Di Federico, Giuseppe Boriani, Marco Vinceti","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22703","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol consumption has been associated with higher blood pressure and an increased risk of hypertension. However, the possible exposure thresholds and effect-modifiers are uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the dose-response relationship between usual alcohol intake and hypertension incidence in nonexperimental cohort studies. After performing a systematic literature search through February 20, 2024, we retrieved 23 eligible studies. We computed risk ratios and 95% CI of hypertension incidence using a nonlinear meta-analytic model based on restricted cubic splines, to assess the dose-response association with alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a positive and almost linear association between alcohol intake and hypertension risk with risk ratios of 0.89 (0.84-0.94), 1.11 (1.07-1.15), 1.22 (1.14-1.30), and 1.33 (1.18-1.49) for 0, 24, 36 and 48 g/d, respectively, using 12 g alcohol/d as the reference value. In sex-specific analyses, the association was almost linear in men over the entire range of exposure but only observed above 12 g/d in women, although with a steeper association at high levels of consumption compared with men. The increased risk of hypertension above 12 to 24 g alcohol/d was similar in Western and Asian populations and considerably greater in White than in Black populations, mainly due to the positive association in women at moderate-to-high intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our results lend support to a causal association between alcohol consumption and risk of hypertension, especially above an alcohol intake of 12 g/d, and are consistent with recommendations to avoid or limit alcohol intake. Sex and ethnicity appear to be major effect-modifiers of such association.</p>","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22393
Lei Wang, Mi Mu, Yu Guo, Jing Huang, Ruoyang Zhang, Muzhi Zhang, Yue Hu, Yanhua Wang, Zhenqiang Gao, Lin Liu, Wang Wang, Yuli Cheng, XinPing Zhu, Jie Liu, Wei Wang, Sun Ying
{"title":"PD-1/PD-L1 Provides Protective Role in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling.","authors":"Lei Wang, Mi Mu, Yu Guo, Jing Huang, Ruoyang Zhang, Muzhi Zhang, Yue Hu, Yanhua Wang, Zhenqiang Gao, Lin Liu, Wang Wang, Yuli Cheng, XinPing Zhu, Jie Liu, Wei Wang, Sun Ying","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22393","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a T helper 17 cell response-driven disease, and PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) inhibitor-associated pulmonary hypertension has been reported recently. This study is designed to explore whether the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway participates in HPH via regulating endothelial dysfunction and T helper 17 cell response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lung tissue samples were obtained from eligible patients. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to assess protein expression, while immunoprecipitation was utilized to detect ubiquitination. HPH models were established in C57BL/6 WT (wild-type) and <i>PD-1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, followed by treatment with PD-L1 recombinant protein. Adeno-associated virus vector delivery was used to upregulate PD-L1 in the endothelial cells. Endothelial cell function was assessed through assays for cell angiogenesis and adhesion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was downregulated in patients with HPH and mouse models, with a notable decrease in PD-L1 expression in endothelial cells compared with the normoxia group. In comparison to WT mice, <i>PD-1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice exhibited a more severe HPH phenotype following exposure to hypoxia, However, administration of PD-L1 recombinant protein and overexpression of PD-L1 in lung endothelial cells mitigated HPH. In vitro, blockade of PD-L1 with a neutralizing antibody promoted endothelial cell angiogenesis, adhesion, and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, hypoxia downregulated PD-L1 protein expression through ubiquitination. Additionally, both in vivo and in vitro, PD-L1 inhibited T helper 17 cell response through the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway in HPH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PD-1/PD-L1 plays a role in ameliorating HPH development by inhibiting T helper 17 cell response through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and improving endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a novel therapeutic indication for PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory therapies in the treatment of HPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HypertensionPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23118
Justin S Brandt, Cande V Ananth
{"title":"Chronic Hypertension: A Neglected Condition but With Emerging Importance in Obstetrics and Beyond.","authors":"Justin S Brandt, Cande V Ananth","doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23118","DOIUrl":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13042,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}