Horticulturae最新文献

{"title":"Silicon Nanoparticles Improve Tomato Seed Germination More Effectively than Conventional Silicon under Salt Stress via Regulating Antioxidant System and Hormone Metabolism","authors":"Taojie Wang, Hao Long, Shengming Mao, Zeyu Jiang, Yuanyuan Liu, Yong He, Zhujun Zhu, Guochao Yan","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080785","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress is one of the major environmental problems in agricultural production, severely limiting crops’ germination, growth and yield. Silicon (Si) is a widely recognized beneficial element in plants, which can promote plant growth especially under stressful conditions. With the emergence of nanotechnology in agriculture, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been shown to be a promising tool in nano-enabled agricultural production. However, the comparative effects of Si and SiNPs in alleviating salt stress in plants remain unclear, which would limit the application of SiNPs in agricultural practice. In this study, the effects of SiNPs and conventional Si (silicate) on tomato (a typical low-Si accumulator) seed germination, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the expression of genes related to hormone metabolism were investigated. The results showed that SiNPs more effectively promoted seed germination percentage, fresh weight, and Si content than conventional Si. Simultaneously, SiNPs more significantly modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and alleviated salt stress-induced oxidative damage in tomato seeds. Moreover, exogenous SiNPs addition promoted the expression of genes responsible for gibberellin (GA) synthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism, while downregulating the expression of genes related to GA deactivation and ABA synthesis in tomato seeds under salt stress. Overall, our results indicate that SiNPs are more effective than conventional Si in promoting tomato seed germination under salt stress via modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and key endogenous hormone metabolism, which could be based on the higher accumulation of SiNPs in tomato seeds than conventional Si.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Rehal et al. A Tomato Pomace Enriched Gluten-Free Ready-to-Cook Snack’s Nutritional Profile, Quality, and Shelf Life Evaluation. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 403","authors":"J. Rehal, Poonam Aggarwal, Inderpreet Dhaliwal, Meenakshi Sharma, Prashant Kaushik","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080786","url":null,"abstract":"The Horticulturae Editorial Office wishes to make the following changes to the author’s paper [...]","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation of a Commercial Quality Index for Avocado Produced in an Inter-Andean Valley","authors":"John Peter Aguirre-Landa, Henrry Wilfredo Agreda-Cerna, David Quispe-Choque, Alfredo Prado-Canchari, Liliana Rodriguez Cardenas","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080783","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to formulate a commercial quality index (CQI) for avocados (Persea americana Mill) produced in an inter-Andean valley in southern Peru. Thirty-eight commercial quality parameters of Hass and Fuerte avocados were evaluated under the marketing and export protocols approved in the Codex Alimentarius CXS 197-1995 issued by FAO and the Peruvian technical standard NTP 011.018. The index was formulated using information gathered from 44 experts in the Apurimac region. To weight the commercial quality parameters, the Delphi method was used, with the cooperation of expert producers and marketers, from which a weighted equation was formulated for the commercial quality index of Hass (CQIh) and Fuerte (CQIf) avocados. Fifteen parameters of interest were found for the formulation of the quality indexes for both varieties, which reported more than 50% coincidence among experts, based on physical and sensory evaluation. The CQI proposal would be a tool to help improve the quality attributes of avocado growers.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcuma borealis sp. nov. and C. retrocalcaria sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae): Two Novel Taxa from Northern Thailand","authors":"P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, C. Maknoi, T. Boonma","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080787","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces Curcuma borealis Saensouk, P.Saensouk, and Boonma and C. retrocalcaria Saensouk, P.Saensouk, and Boonma, two newly discovered species within the Curcuma genus of the Zingiberaceae family, found in the Mae Hong Son and Chiang Mai Provinces of Northern Thailand, respectively. This research aims to clarify the taxonomic identity of these species, which were initially confused with C. ecomata Craib and C. chantaranothaii Boonma and Saensouk due to similarities in flower coloration and some morphological characteristics, respectively. Detailed morphological analysis was conducted to distinguish these species. Curcuma borealis is differentiated by its unique anthers lacking appendages or projections at the base of the spurs, in contrast to the appendages or projections present in C. ecomata, while C. retrocalcaria is characterized by anther spurs folding or curving backward under the anther base and with two purple patches at the base of the labellum, distinguishing it from C. chantaranothaii. The findings highlight distinct morphological traits that set C. borealis and C. retrocalcaria apart from existing Curcuma species. The pollen morphology of the two new taxa was also studied here for the first time. This research emphasizes the importance of thorough taxonomic scrutiny for accurate species identification and contributes to our understanding of the diversity within the Curcuma genus. Accurate identification of these species is crucial for conservation efforts, underscoring the need to protect their habitats and maintain biodiversity in the region.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Structural Carbohydrate Content and C:N:P Stoichiometry in Houpoea officinalis Flowers in Response to Development Stages","authors":"Yao Yang, Yuxian Qiu, Yu Cheng, Ting Yu, Maoyuan Zhu, Wenzhang Qian, Shun Gao, Guoqing Zhuang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080784","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral elements and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are important nutrients and energy sources for flower development in plants. However, no studies were reported on the dynamic changes of nutrient stoichiometry and NSC contents in Houpoea officinalis (H. officinalis) flower. In this study, the changes in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and NSC contents as well as C:N:P stoichiometry in the pistil, stamen, and petal of H. officinalis flowers at four developmental stages were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that C, N, P, and NSC contents, as well as C:N:P stoichiometric ratios in the three parts of the flower exhibited large variations at four development stages. Development stages and organs had significant effects on the measured parameters in the three organs of H. officinalis flowers, but their interactions had no significant effects. During the flower development, C, N, and P contents in different floral parts ranged from 418.7 to 496.3 mg/g, 26.6 to 45.3 mg/g, and 0.396 to 0.656 mg/g. P content decreased continuously with development, C:N in stamen were significantly higher than those in other flower parts at the same developmental stage. Glucose, starch, fructose, and sucrose contents showed significant differences in three parts of H. officinalis flowers at four development stages. These differences may reflect differences in elemental storage capacity and biomass allocation patterns of H. officinalis flowers. In general, our data will help to improve our understanding of the relationship between NSCs and C:N:P stoichiometry in response to development stages and organs in H. officinalis flowers.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Culture Conditions on Growth and Daidzein and Genistein Production in Hairy Root Cultures of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica","authors":"S. Thanonkeo, Tipawan Palee, P. Thanonkeo, P. Klanrit","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080788","url":null,"abstract":"Pueraria candollei var. mirifica produces and accumulates various phytoestrogen compounds in its tuberous roots, including daidzein and genistein. Plant cell culture methods have been established to alleviate the problems associated with producing valuable phytochemicals from natural or field-cultivated plants, and hairy root culture is one of the most promising methods for the in vitro production of plant secondary metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to produce daidzein and genistein from hairy root cultures of P. candollei var. mirifica. The influences of cultivation parameters, including the culture medium, light conditions, sugar content in the culture medium, incubation temperature, and agitation speed, on biomass and daidzein and genistein production in hairy root cultures of this medicinal plant were investigated. The results revealed that the optimal cultivation conditions for biomass and bioactive compound production were Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium, a sucrose concentration of 30 g/L, a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod, an incubation temperature of 26 °C, and an agitation speed of 90 rpm. The highest biomass and daidzein and genistein contents achieved in this study were 17.76 g/L, 6.85 mg/g DW, and 0.96 mg/g DW, respectively. Interestingly, the daidzein and genistein contents obtained from hairy roots were approximately 45.7- and 12.0-fold greater than those obtained from normal roots, respectively, suggesting that hairy root culture is a suitable method for the sustainable production of phytoestrogen, daidzein, and genistein from this medicinal plant.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Salt Tolerance of “Old Limachino Tomato” by Using a New Salt-Tolerant Rootstock","authors":"Juan P Martinez, R. Fuentes, Danitza Badilla, Camila Rosales, Juan Felipe Alfaro-Quezada, Francisco Correa, Carolina Lizana, B. Sagredo, Muriel Quinet, S. Lutts","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080780","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is a major constraint limiting the yield of tomatoes. However, grafting strategies may help to overcome the salt toxicity of this important horticultural species if appropriate rootstocks are identified. The present study aimed to test a new rootstock, JUPAFORT1, obtained by crossing the glycophyte Solanum lycopersicum (cv. Poncho Negro) with the halophyte wild-related species Solanum chilense to improve the salinity tolerance of the Chilean tomato landrace Old Limachino Tomato (OLT). Intact OLT plants were exposed to 0, 80, or 160 mM of NaCl for 21 days at the vegetative stage and compared with self-grafted (L/L) and Limachino plants grafted on JUPAFORT1 rootstock (L/R) under a completely randomized design. JUPAFORT1 increased OLT scion vigor in the absence of salt but did not significantly increase fresh weight under stress conditions. However, JUPAFORT1 confers to the scion an anisohydric behavior contrasting with the isohydric behavior of L and L/L plants as indicated by measurements of stomatal conductance; L/R plants were able to maintain their metabolic status despite a slight decrease in the leaf’s relative water content. JUPAFORT1 rootstock also enabled the maintenance of photosynthetic pigment concentrations in the scion in contrast to L and L/L plants, which exhibited a decrease in photosynthetic pigments under stress conditions. L/R plants encountered oxidative stress at the highest stress intensity (160 mM of NaCl) only, while L and L/L plants suffered from oxidative damage at a lower dose (80 mM of NaCl). L/R plants behaved as includer plants and did not sequester Na+ in the root system, in contrast to L and L/L, which behaved as excluder plants retaining Na+ in the root system to avoid its translocation to the shoots. The expression of genes coding for ion transporters (HKT1.1, HKT1.2, LKT1, SKOR, SOS2, and SOS3) in the root system was not modified by salinity in L/R. In contrast, their expression varied in response to salinity in L and L/L. Overall, L/R plants exhibited higher physiological stability than L/L or L plants in response to an increasing NaCl dose and did not require additional energy investment to trigger an adaptative response to salinity. This suggests that the constitutive salinity tolerance of the halophyte S. chilense was maintained in the interspecific rootstock. JUPAFORT1 issued from S. lycopersicum x S. chilense may thus improve salt-stress resilience in OLT tomatoes. Additional studies are required to identify the molecular components involved in the root-to-shoot signaling pathway in this promising material.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosanitary Cold Treatment of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Postharvest ‘Red Globe’ Grapes","authors":"Tian-Bi Ma, Bo Liu, Yan Fang, Wen-Na Gao, Qing-Ying Zhao, Zhi-Hong Li, Guo-Ping Zhan","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080781","url":null,"abstract":"The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is currently distributed in the main soft-skinned fruits production areas in China and 59 other countries, presenting a significant threat to importing nations. Optimal phytosanitary treatments, including fumigation, irradiation, and cold treatment, have been developed to prevent the international movement of this invasive fly. To determine the most cold-tolerant stage and facilitate the development of the technical schedules requested by the Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatment (TPPT), cold treatments of D. suzukii immature stages in ‘Red Globe’ grapes were conducted. Dose–mortality data at 0 °C and 2 °C from repeated trials were subjected to analysis of covariance, linear regression, and probit analysis. Results identified 3 d old pupae as the most cold-tolerant stage, followed by 1 d old pupae, 4 d old larvae, and 6 h old eggs with similar tolerance. The 2 d old larvae were the most sensitive stage. In subsequent confirmatory tests, 3 d old pupae were subjected to cold treatment at 0 °C for 9 and 10 days, and at 2 °C for 10 and 12 days, based on the probit estimation of the probit-9 value. No adult emergence occurred in the confirmatory tests except for one deformed adult from a 2 °C 10 d treatment. Therefore, the recommended treatment schedule requires fruit temperatures below 0.00 °C (or 1.62 °C) for no less than 10 (or 12) continuous days, with treatment efficacy not less than 99.9960% (or 99.9955%) at a 95% confidence level, respectively. These schedules are intended for submission to TPPT for the development of phytosanitary treatment standards.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postharvest Cold-Storage Behaviour of ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Fruit Remains Unaffected by Preharvest Shade Netting","authors":"Johané Niemann, Eleanor W. Hoffman, Lorenzo Zacarías, Martin Kidd, P. Cronjé","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080782","url":null,"abstract":"During postharvest cold storage, fruit sustains physical and biochemical changes, which may result in physiological rind disorders that consequently affect the fruit’s marketability. Preharvest conditions are known to affect postharvest fruit quality, with the effect of preharvest shade netting being currently unknown. To this end, ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit, grown under shade netting and without it, was harvested during two consecutive seasons from an orchard in Citrusdal, Western Cape, South Africa. The fruit was evaluated prior to, as well as after a 7-day shelf-life period following cold storage at either −0.6 or 4 °C for 14, 27 and 34 days, respectively, for changes in rind and pulp colour, rind carotenoids, soluble solid content (SSC), citric acid content and SSC/citric acid ratio. Weight loss and the incidence of rind physiological disorders (staining) were also recorded. The results showed that shade net did not affect the storage behaviour of the fruit, as no treatment differences were seen. However, a storage duration effect for both treatments was evident in some internal and external quality parameters, viz., weight loss percentage and carotenoid content increased over the storage duration. Inconsistency regarding the storage duration effect on the rind colour, SSC and acid content were evident between seasons, at both temperatures. Staining only occurred in the first season after 34 days at both temperatures. The results indicated that shade netting had no negative effect on the cold-storage behaviour of ‘Nadorcott’ fruit. However, contrasting findings from this study emphasized that the condition of the fruit at harvest plays a significant role in the postharvest behaviour of the fruit during cold storage, and different growing conditions may also be a contributable factor.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Castor Meal and Ground Hydrothermalized Phonolite Optimize Sweet Potato Nutrition, Yield, and Quality","authors":"Renan J. Parecido, R. P. Soratto, A. M. Fernandes, Mayara C. Blanes, Luis G. Fidelis, Harun I. Gitari, Sérgio G. Dutra","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080775","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the effect of pure castor meal and a mixture of castor meal with ground hydrothermalized phonolite rock (CM+HP mixture) in providing nutrients, particularly N and K, and optimizing yield and quality of sweet potato, a field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design. Treatments were the absence and presence of synthetic N and K fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and KCl) combined with rates of organic fertilizers (1.2 and 2.4 Mg ha−1 of castor meal, 2.25 and 4.5 Mg ha−1 of CM+HP mixture, plus a treatment without organic fertilizers). The CM+HP mixture maintained adequate N and K status in plant leaves. Organic fertilizers increased the number of storage roots per plant and the sweetness of the storage roots, while synthetic fertilizers increased the storage root mean weight. Castor meal combined with synthetic fertilizers improved soil health (increased organic matter and enzyme activity in the soil). The combined application of synthetic fertilizers with 2.4 Mg ha−1 of castor meal or 4.5 Mg ha−1 of CM+HP mixture had the greatest benefit on storage root yield, with an average increase of 128% (10.9 Mg ha−1) on marketable storage root yield, and the nutrient removal compared with the sole application of organic fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}