Fiziologia rastenij i genetika最新文献

{"title":"Effects of exogenous plant growth regulators on morphogenesis, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and productivity of sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L.","authors":"V. Rogach, L. Voytenko, M. Shcherbatiuk, V. Kuryata, I. Kosakivska, T. Rogach","doi":"10.15407/frg2021.04.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2021.04.320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126294103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of soybean-risobial systems functioning under the influence of fungicides and complex growth regulator stimpo","authors":"L. Rybachenko, Kyiv Ukraine Vasylkivska St., S. Kots, A. V. Pavlyshche, O. R. Rybachenko, Y. Khomenko","doi":"10.15407/frg2021.04.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2021.04.307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"98 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130990179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of mechanisms of action of physiologically active substances and herbicides: main achievements and innovative developments","authors":"Y. Morderer, Kyiv Ukraine Vasylkivska St., Zh.z. Guralchuk","doi":"10.15407/FRG2021.03.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/FRG2021.03.262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115316753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of soybean inoculation by biopreparations based on fungicide-resistant rhizobium strains under seed treaters impact","authors":"K. Kukol, Kyiv Ukraine Vasylkivska St., N. Vorobey, P. Pukhtaievych, S. Kots","doi":"10.15407/FRG2020.06.494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/FRG2020.06.494","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of soybean inoculation with pesticide-resistant nodule bacteria strains Bradyrhizobium japonicum PC07 and PC10 on the background of pre-sowing seed treatment with Maxim XL, Standak Top and Fever was studied in pot experiments. Under the influence of fungicide Maxim XL, the number and weight of nodules, the weight of the aboveground part of plants and soybean roots exceeded the control plants throughout the growing season in variants with bacterization of both rhizobia strains. Fever had a depressing effect on soybean plants, and their interaction with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Under the action of this preparation there was a decrease in the root nodules number by 8.0—30.2 %, an increase in aboveground mass by 6.8—18.9 %, and root mass by 13.2—21.3 %. With the combined use of all seed treaters and nodule bacteria, there was a decrease in the level of N 2 assimilation at the stage of three true leaves. At the budding-beginning of flowering stage under inoculation of soybean seeds with B. japonicum PC10 on the background of fungicide application, the indices of nitrogen-fixing activity were higher by 4.4—22.7 % in compari-son with control plants. At the bean formation stage in the variants with seed treatment with Maxim XL and Standak Top, it was observed the highest nitrogen fixation by nodules formed with the participation of B. japonicum PC07 and PC10, which exceeded the indices of control plants by 1.8—3.9 times. When seed treatment with Fever was combined with bacterization by B. japonicum PC07, the negative influence on the functioning of the symbiotic apparatus throughout the soybean vegetation affected the level of crop productivity. Under the application of pesticides Standak Top and Maxim XL and inoculation of B. japonicum PC07 and PC10, soybean grain productivity increased by 9.5—25.8 %, due to the tolerance of the formed symbiotic systems to the active substances in these pesticides. Thus, the use for soybean seed treatment of bacterial preparations based on rhizobia strains resistant to modern fungicides will help reduce the effects of chemical stress on the symbiotic systems formation and functioning. In turn, maintaining the efficiency of plant-microbial systems combined with the implementation of seed treaters prophylactic action create the precondi-tions for increasing plant productivity.","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121498235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of drought on the photosynthetic apparatus activity, senescence rate, and productivity in wheat plants","authors":"O. Stasik, Kyiv Ukraine Vasylkivska St.","doi":"10.15407/frg2020.05.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.05.371","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of soil drought at flowering stage on the functional state of photosynthetic apparatus and chloroplast enzymatic antioxidant defense systems in flag leaf during reproductive period, and the productivity of winter wheat plants of high-protein Natalka variety and drought-tolerant Podolyanka variety were studied in pot experiment. Until flowering and for the control plants during the entire vegetation, the soil moisture content was maintained at a level of 60—70 % of field capacity (FC). Drought treatment (soil moisture 30 % FC) was applied for 7 days covering flowering—early kernel watery ripe period (BBCH 61—71). After that, watering of plants was resumed to a control level which was maintained until the end of the growing season. The estimation of the chlorophyll and Rubisco content, the chloroplast antioxidant enzymes activity, and the net CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates was carried out on flag leaves. The measurements were taken on the third day of watering cessation (the first day the soil moisture reached 30 % FC, BBCH 61), at the end of the drought period (seventh day at 30 % FC, BBCH 71), and after watering resumed at the medium milk (BBCH 75) and late milk (BBCH 77) stages. The components of plant grain productivity were determined by weighing air-dry material at grain full ripeness. It was revealed, that drought stress during flowering inhibited CO2 assimilation and accelerated induction of senescence processes in wheat plants associated with degradation of photosynthetic apparatus and manifested in quicker ontogenetic drop in chlorophyll and Rubisco contents and loss of leaf photosynthetic activity. This exacerbated the drought impact on the plant organism so that after optimal watering return, the physiological and biochemical parameters were not restored to the values of control plants that were all time under optimal moisture supply. Stress-induced premature senescence reduced the supply of plants with assimilates and ultimately led to a decrease in their grain productivity. Impact of drought on flag leaf photosynthetic activity and especially on senescence induction were much more pronounced in the high-protein wheat variety Natalka with a genetically programmed earlier start of the nitrogen-containing compounds remobilization from leaves than in Podolyanka variety. The drought-tolerant variety Podolyanka keep ability to maintain much higher CO2 assimilation activity during drought period and to preserve photosynthetic apparatus from early induction of senescence due to likely more efficient chloroplast antioxidant defense systems, thereby gaining a better assimilates supply for yield formation.","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129603185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron and proton transport in chloroplasts of pea plants after night exposures to chilling temperatures","authors":"A. Polishchuk, V. V. Podorvanov, E. K. Zolotareva","doi":"10.15407/frg2020.04.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.04.295","url":null,"abstract":"Plant growth and development slow down when the temperature drops below a critical level (10—12 °C). One of the main mechanisms of plant adaptation to lower temperatures is an increase in the fluidity of the lipid phase of the membranes, which makes it possible to maintain the necessary membrane processes for survival, in particular, the activity of photosynthetic electron transport. In the temperate climate zone, plants often tolerate nighttime temperature drops to frost. Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) refers to cold-resistant species that can withstand a prolonged decrease in temperature. In this work, pea plants were grown at a constant temperature of 20—22 °C for 11 days, then for 6 days at night, the plants were placed in chambers at a temperature of 6 °C. The temperature dependence of the photochemical activity in chloroplasts isolated from control and chilled leaves was studied. It was shown that the maximum value of the rate of uncoupled electron transport from water to potassium ferricyanide in control chloroplasts was observed at a temperature of 22 °C, i.e. at the temperature of plant growth. In the chloroplasts of plants subjected to night cooling, the temperature dependence of the uncoupled electron transport was shifted to lower temperatures and the maximum reaction rate was recorded at a temperature of about 12 °C. When measuring the value of light-induced proton uptake ( Δ Í + ) and the rate of O 2 uptake in the reaction of electron transfer from H 2 O to methyl viologen in coupled chloroplasts, a sharp decrease in these parameters was observed with a change in the temperature of the reaction medium from 14 to 10 °C in the control, and from 10 to 6 °C in the experimental plants. The sharp decrease in the rate of photochemical reactions with decreasing temperature may be due to a phase transition of membrane lipids and a slowing down of diffuse processes. These results allow us to consider the Δ Í + as an indicator of the fluidity of the lipid phase of chloroplast membranes in comparative studies. The transmembrane proton gradient ( Δ ðÍ), which was estimated by light-dependent quenching of the fluorescent label of 9-aminoacridine, exceeded the control level in chloroplasts of plants subjected to night cooling, which may be due to an improvement in the insulating function of the membranes. The data obtained indicate that when pea plants adapt to lower night temperatures, the state of the photosynthetic chloroplast membranes changes, which ensures the preservation of their functional activity. dependence of uncoupled electron transport on temperature of the reaction media: 1 — control, chloroplasts were isolated from control plants grown at 20—22 °C; 2 — experiment, chloroplasts were isolated from experimental plants grown at day/night air temperature of 20—22/6 °C. The rate of the light-induced H 2 O → K 3 Fe(CN) 6 reaction was determined after 5 min dark incubation of chloroplasts in the reaction medium under excitation at all indicated ","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122453866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of catalase 2 activity affects the ascorbate metabolism in Arabidopsis upon heavy metal stress","authors":"Óäê, Âòðàòà Àêòèâíîñò, ÂÏËÈÂÀa ÍÀ ÎÁÌ2Í, Àñêîðáàòó Â ÀÐÀÁ2ÄÎÏÑÈÑÓ, Ä Çà, Âàæêèõ ÌÅÒÀË2Â, òðèìêè îêèñíî-â3äíîâíîãî, òðè 3çîôîðìè, ÑÀÒ. Äâ","doi":"10.15407/frg2020.04.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.04.306","url":null,"abstract":"Three genes — Cat1 , Cat2 and Cat3 coding for three isoforms of catalase (CAT) are present in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Two of these isoforms (CAT2, CAT3) are expressed in leaves, splitting hydrogen peroxide, which is generated in peroxisomes by photorespiration. The protective function of CAT upon excessive illumination (light stress) is well document-ed, but it remains still unclear what is the role of CAT 2 isoform in the maintenance of cellular redox balance upon oxidative stress caused by other stressors, e.g., high concentrations of heavy metal ions. Accordingly, we investigate the effect of copper and cadmium chlorides on the content of low molecular weight antioxidants — ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (Asc/DHA) in A. thaliana wild type and the knockout mutant line cat2 , which lacks the CAT2 isoform. Obtained data indicate that in the cat2 knockout line metabolic alterations occur, which compensate for the decrease in CAT activity. These alterations are, at least par-tially, represented by activation of Asc/DHA metabolism. Although no hydrogen peroxide is generated in peroxisomes in the dark, these compensatory mechanisms remain active for several hours (metabolic «inertia»), leading to a transient shift of the redox balance towards reduction. An increase in the Cu 2+ ions content in the leaf tissues leads to the oxidation of Asc to DHA and to the enhancement of lipid peroxidation, which induces a protective response aimed at stabilizing the Asc+DHA pool. Comparing to the Cu 2+ ions, increase in the concentration of Cd 2+ ions causes much smaller changes in the Asc and DHA content. Taking together our data show that CAT is not directly involved in plant protection upon accumulation of HM ions in leaves. However, the lack of CAT2 activity results in limitation of cell damage due to the activation of Asc/DHA metabolisms.","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134207120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of growth promotors and retardants on the morphogenesis, photosynthesis and productivity of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)","authors":"V. Rohach, D. Kiriziy, O. Stasik, S. Mickevicius, T. Rohach, Kyiv Ukraine Vasylkivska St.","doi":"10.15407/frg2020.04.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.04.279","url":null,"abstract":"There were studied the peculiarities of growth processes, the formation of the leaf apparatus, its mesostructure and photosynthetic activity, as well as the biological productivity of the Bobcat hybrid tomato plants under the influence of synthetic analogues of growth promoting hormones — 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), and retardants — chloromequate chloride (ССС-750), tebuconazole (EW-250), ethephon (2chloroethylphosphonic acid, 2-CEPA), which differ in the action mechanism. It was revealed that growth promotors increased, and retardants reduced the tomato plants height. It was established that 1-NAA, GA3, and CCC-750 increased the leaf number on the plant, while under 2-CEPA treatment, the index was less than the control, and under the EW-250 action it remained practically unchanged. All growth regulators, except 2-CEPA, increased the leaf blades number, the fresh weight, and leaf area. All growth promotors increased the whole plant dry weight, while the retardants EW-250 and CCC-750 did not affect this index, and 2-CEPA significantly reduced it. All retardants and 6-BAP significantly increased the total chlorophyll content in tomato leaves, while under the action of GA3 this index decreased. The retardants EW-250 and CCC-750, and the growth promotor 6-BAP contributed to the thickening of the tomato leaf chlorenchyma, and the ethylene producer 2-CEPA reduced it. Under the influence of all growth regulators, except 2-CEPA, the volume of columnar parenchyma cells increased. It was established that at the stage of fruit formation onset, all growth regulators, except 1-NAA, increased the rate of CO2 assimilation, photorespiration, dark respiration and transpiration. All growth regulators, except 2-CEPA, contributed to the increase in tomatoes yield, while the use of the growth promotor 6-BAP and the retardant EW-250 proved to be the most effective.","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123429270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of dna polymorphism of transgenic wheat plants with proline metabolism heterologous genes","authors":"O. Dubrovna, Kyiv Ukraine Vasylkivska St., L. G. Velikozhon, L. Slivka, I. P. Kondratskaya, V. Reshetnikov, S. Makai","doi":"10.15407/frg2020.03.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.03.196","url":null,"abstract":"The polymorphism level of DNA regions flanked by inverted LTR-retrotransposon repeats has been analyzed by the IRAP-PCR method in genetically modified wheat plants obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in an in vitro culture. Some plants contain the Medicago truncatula ornithine--aminotransferase gene, and the other contain a double-stranded RNA suppressor of the Arabidopsis thaliana proline dehydrogenase gene. In analysis of plants with the heterologous ornithine--aminotransferase gene, the application of the primer to the Sukkula retrotransposon was the most effective, where in the nine tested plants four new amplicons were obtained in the spectrum of DNA amplification products. The findings suggest that it is the foreign DNA insertion capable of inducing transposition of retrotransposons Sukkula/Nikita and Wham/Sabrina, because in control plants derived from in vitro culture their activity has not been established. The analysis of transgenic plants with a double-stranded RNA suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene using highly efficient primers for the retrotransposons Sukkula, Sabrina, Wham, Nikita, and Wilma1 no DNA polymorphism was revealed. In the course of the experiment, we did not register the disappearance of amplicons in the DNA profiles of PCR and this may be index of the rearrangements absence in the primer annealing sites and in the loci studied. The emergence of new amplicons was not observed in the spectra of DNA amplification products, what indicate the absence of activation of mobile genetic elements transposon activity in transgenic plants with a double-stranded RNA suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene. IRAP primer pairs were selected experimentally, but the use of this method did not reveal the disappearance or emergence of polymorphic fragments. The absence of DNA polymorphism in transgenic plants with a double-stranded RNA suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene may be due to the phenomenon of RNA interference that suppresses retrotransposon activity.","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116305492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique sources of resistance to Fusaruim head blight for durum wheat","authors":"G. Fedak, D. Wolfe, D. Chi, S. Cloutier, A. Xue, L. Zhang","doi":"10.15407/frg2020.03.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.03.258","url":null,"abstract":"Fifteen accessions of Triticum dicoccum tetraploid wild relatives of durum wheat were screened for Type II Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance. Single florets on spike at 50 % anthesis were inoculated with spores of Fusarium graminearum and symptoms were scored at 21 days after inoculation. The range of infected florests varied from 6 % to 100 % compared to Langdon atypical sensitive durum wheat cultivar at 75 %. Six selected the most resistant accessions were used in the trial, which range of infection varied from 6 % to 8 %.","PeriodicalId":129884,"journal":{"name":"Fiziologia rastenij i genetika","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130709679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}