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A sub-ns comparison between GPS common view and T2L2 GPS普通视图与T2L2的分秒比较
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331470
E. Samain, M. Laas-Bourez, C. Courde, P. Exertier, N. Martin, J. Torre, G. Rovera, M. Abgrall, P. Uhrich, P. Guillemot, R. Sherwood, G. Appleby, P. Fridelance
{"title":"A sub-ns comparison between GPS common view and T2L2","authors":"E. Samain, M. Laas-Bourez, C. Courde, P. Exertier, N. Martin, J. Torre, G. Rovera, M. Abgrall, P. Uhrich, P. Guillemot, R. Sherwood, G. Appleby, P. Fridelance","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331470","url":null,"abstract":"T2L2 (Time Transfer by Laser Link) permits the synchronization of remote ultra stable clocks over intercontinental distances. The principle is based upon laser telemetry technology with a network of laser stations on ground and dedicated space equipment designed to record arrival time of laser pulses at the satellite. T2L2 allows realization of some links between distant clocks with time stability of a few picoseconds and accuracy better than 100 ps. The instrumental metrology associated with such performance needs to be designed with utmost care. This requirement concerns all the instrumentation directly linked with the specific T2L2 equipment as well as the instrumentation doing the link between the laboratory reference and the T2L2 ground segment. Several campaigns were done to demonstrate both the ultimate time accuracy and time stability capabilities of T2L2. The paper is focused on the current high accuracy equipment that has been designed for the picosecond metrology and on some recent campaigns involving global calibrations of both laser stations and GNSS equipment. Results obtained during two months of comparisons between GPS in common view and T2L2 at three European laboratories show some differences below 300 ps with a standard deviation better than 500 ps. This is the first time that two different techniques of time transfer independently calibrated are in agreement at sub-ns level over continental distances.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133424200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Experimental and numerical study of the microwave field distribution in a compact magnetron-type microwave cavity 紧凑磁控管型微波腔内微波场分布的实验与数值研究
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331467
A. Ivanov, T. Bandi, G. Du, A. Horsley, C. Affolderbach, P. Treutlein, G. Mileti, A. Skrivervik
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of the microwave field distribution in a compact magnetron-type microwave cavity","authors":"A. Ivanov, T. Bandi, G. Du, A. Horsley, C. Affolderbach, P. Treutlein, G. Mileti, A. Skrivervik","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331467","url":null,"abstract":"The homogeneity of the microwave magnetic field distribution inside a microwave cavity resonator is of crucial importance for the performance of high-stability vapor-cell atomic clocks, in particular when operating in the pulsed regime. Here we report on measurements and numerical simulations of the microwave field distribution inside a highly compact magnetron-type microwave cavity. A microwave field imaging technique is used to measure the microwave field distribution over the cavity volume occupied by the Rb vapor cell. Over the measured volume, we find a variation in the microwave field's z-component (relevant for the clock performance) of 20%, with good agreement between experiments and simulations. The presented results are relevant for assessing clock performance limitations arising from the cavity studied, and give design guidelines for future improved cavities of similar type.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116879354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Active optical frequency standards using cold atoms: Perspectives and challenges 使用冷原子的主动光学频率标准:观点和挑战
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331523
G. Kazakov, T. Schumm
{"title":"Active optical frequency standards using cold atoms: Perspectives and challenges","authors":"G. Kazakov, T. Schumm","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331523","url":null,"abstract":"We consider various approaches to the creation of a high-stability active optical frequency standard, where the atomic ensemble itself produces a highly stable and accurate frequency signal. The short-time frequency stability of such standards may overcome the stability of lasers stabilized to macroscopic cavities which are used as local oscillators in the modern optical frequency standard systems. The main idea is to create a “superradiant” laser operating deep in the bad cavity regime, where the decay rate of the cavity field significantly exceeds the decoherence rate of the lasing transition. Two main approaches towards the realization of an active optical frequency standard have been proposed already: the optical lattice laser, and the atomic beam laser. We consider these and some alternative approaches, and discuss the parameters for atomic ensembles necessary to attain the metrology relevant level of short-time frequency stability, and various effects and main challenges critical for practical implementations.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116940137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Seed layer controlled deposition of ZnO films with a tilted c-axis for shear mode resonators 剪切模式谐振器中c轴倾斜ZnO薄膜的种子层控制沉积
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331491
G. Rughoobur, L. Garcia-Gancedo, A. Flewitt, W. Milne, M. DeMiguel-Ramos, M. Clement, T. Mirea, J. Olivares, E. Iborra
{"title":"Seed layer controlled deposition of ZnO films with a tilted c-axis for shear mode resonators","authors":"G. Rughoobur, L. Garcia-Gancedo, A. Flewitt, W. Milne, M. DeMiguel-Ramos, M. Clement, T. Mirea, J. Olivares, E. Iborra","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331491","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate different procedures for achieving ZnO films with the c-axis tilted with respect to the normal for their application in acoustic resonators operating in the shear modes. The approach consists in combining the use of textured surfaces of different nature with off-axis sputtering, which promotes the growth of ZnO with inclined microcrystals. The rough surfaces investigated are porous-SiO2 and AlN and ZnO seed layers films specifically prepared to exhibit textured surfaces. The suitability of these films for the intended applications is tested by analyzing the frequency response of ZnO-based solidly mounted resonators. Electromechanical coupling factors for the shear modes up to 3.3% are achieved.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117111627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Investigation of space passive hydrogen maser atomic beam formation system life-time 空间被动氢脉泽原子束形成系统寿命研究
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331444
A. Pavlenko, K. Pavlenko
{"title":"Investigation of space passive hydrogen maser atomic beam formation system life-time","authors":"A. Pavlenko, K. Pavlenko","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331444","url":null,"abstract":"For SPHM life-time the most critical part is atomic beam formation system. Two special set-ups were made to evaluate necessary amount of hydrogen in H2-source and ability of evacuation system to absorb required amount of hydrogen. The experiment has shown that both systems restrict SPHM life time with a period of more than 15 years.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123679638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of rotated X-cut Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 single crystals operating in FS mode in the temperature range up to 900°C 旋转x切Ca3TaGa3Si2O14单晶在FS模式下工作的研究，温度范围高达900℃
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331426
A. Medvedev, S. Sakharov, O. Buzanov, A. Zabelen, V. Alenkov, T. Kudo, Y. Yokota, K. Kamada, A. Yoshikawa
{"title":"Investigation of rotated X-cut Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 single crystals operating in FS mode in the temperature range up to 900°C","authors":"A. Medvedev, S. Sakharov, O. Buzanov, A. Zabelen, V. Alenkov, T. Kudo, Y. Yokota, K. Kamada, A. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331426","url":null,"abstract":"Crystal elements manufactured made of calcium tantalum gallium silicate single crystals (CTGS) operating in face shear mode were investigated. The frequency temperature characteristics of the rotated X-cut in high temperature range (up to 900°) were measured. The largest coupling factor close to 21.1% was found for (XYt) 9°-cut. It was shown that frequency temperature characteristic has a departure from a quadratic parabola which is atypical for langasite family crystals. The maximum value of the turnover temperature point 578° corresponds to (XYt) 9°-cut.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124887956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accurate time link calibration for UTC time transfer - Status of the BIPM pilot study on the UTC time link calibration UTC时间转换的精确时间链接校准- UTC时间链接校准的BIPM试点研究的现状
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331541
Z. Jiang, F. Arias, A. Bauch, S. Lin, J. Nawrocki, A. Czubla, P. Uhrich, T. Suzuyama, T. Gotoh, M. Fujieda, K. Liang, L. Tisserand, W. Lewandowski, Dirk Piester, E. Peik, T. Polewka, D. Rovera, M. Abgrall, I. I. Taieb, B. Chupin, Y-J. Huang, M. Amemiya, P. Dunst
{"title":"Accurate time link calibration for UTC time transfer - Status of the BIPM pilot study on the UTC time link calibration","authors":"Z. Jiang, F. Arias, A. Bauch, S. Lin, J. Nawrocki, A. Czubla, P. Uhrich, T. Suzuyama, T. Gotoh, M. Fujieda, K. Liang, L. Tisserand, W. Lewandowski, Dirk Piester, E. Peik, T. Polewka, D. Rovera, M. Abgrall, I. I. Taieb, B. Chupin, Y-J. Huang, M. Amemiya, P. Dunst","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331541","url":null,"abstract":"To continue and improve the earlier studies by different authors [1-4], in 2011 the BIPM launched a pilot study on the accurate calibration for the UTC time links [5]. The goal is to unify the UTC time link calibration uncertainties ≤ 2 ns. This is attainable with the `one for all' METODE scheme and a dedicatedly designed travelling calibrator (StdB). The METODE calibration result (CM) can be easily converted to the classic equipment internal delays INTDLY(P1/P2). Nine laboratories participated in the project [6-16]. An operational guideline is drafted and used to guide the calibration tours and data processing. This paper reviews the status of the study and gives the preliminary calibration results of the UTC time link calibrations of GNSS PPP, P3, L1C, TWSTFT and TWOTFT.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129469002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Studying particulate adsorption by drying droplets on a microfabricated electro-acoustic resonator 微制造电声谐振器上干燥液滴吸附微粒的研究
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331418
A. Prasad, A. Seshia, Arthur T Zielinski, M. Kalberer, Roderic L. Jones
{"title":"Studying particulate adsorption by drying droplets on a microfabricated electro-acoustic resonator","authors":"A. Prasad, A. Seshia, Arthur T Zielinski, M. Kalberer, Roderic L. Jones","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331418","url":null,"abstract":"Microfabricated in-plane bulk acoustic resonators can be configured as gravimetric sensors wherein the mass of surface-bound species is transduced as a shift in the resonant frequency. Using this principle, we examine the adsorption of spherical polystyrene latex particles on the resonator surface by drying particulate laden droplets. Distribution of particles on the surface is governed by the coffee-ring effect which is correlated to the observed frequency response of the resonators. We also present an analytical approach to describe the spatial dependence of adsorbed mass on the induced frequency shift for square plate resonators which can be extended to model other resonator geometries.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128411664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Development of the cesium fountain frequency standard, NMIJ-F2 铯喷泉频率标准NMIJ-F2的制定
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331518
A. Takamizawa, S. Yanagimachi, T. Tanabe, K. Hagimoto, I. Hirano, K. Watabe, T. Ikegami, J. Hartnett
{"title":"Development of the cesium fountain frequency standard, NMIJ-F2","authors":"A. Takamizawa, S. Yanagimachi, T. Tanabe, K. Hagimoto, I. Hirano, K. Watabe, T. Ikegami, J. Hartnett","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331518","url":null,"abstract":"We have made much progress on NMIJ-F2, which is our second cesium fountain frequency standard aiming an uncertainty of <; 1×10<sup>-15</sup> as an immediate goal. The frequency stability is improved to 8.3×10<sup>-14</sup>τ<sup>-1/2</sup> (τ: averaging time) by applying a cryogenic sapphire oscillator using a pulse-tube cryocooler as a local oscillator and optically pumping the atoms to the Zeeman sublevel mF = 0. Then, the homogeneous magnetic field in the interrogation region is obtained with magnetic shielding, a long solenoid coil, and two additional coils. The fractional frequency correction for the 2nd-order Zeeman shift is evaluated to be -165.5×10<sup>-15</sup>. Moreover, the fractional frequency correction for the collisional shift (the frequency shift due to collisions between cold atoms) is measured to be (+3.3±0.5)×10<sup>-15</sup> by an extrapolation method.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128647648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Comparison of Caesium fountain clocks in Europe and Asia 欧洲和亚洲铯喷泉钟的比较
2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) Pub Date : 2014-06-23 DOI: 10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331532
A. Zhang, K. Liang, Z. Yang, F. Fang, T. Li, Dirk Piester, V. Gerginov, S. Weyers, A. Bauch, M. Fujieda, I. Blinov, A. Boiko, Y. Domnin, A. Naumov, Y. Smirnov, A. Gupta, P. Arora, A. Acharya, A. Agarwal
{"title":"Comparison of Caesium fountain clocks in Europe and Asia","authors":"A. Zhang, K. Liang, Z. Yang, F. Fang, T. Li, Dirk Piester, V. Gerginov, S. Weyers, A. Bauch, M. Fujieda, I. Blinov, A. Boiko, Y. Domnin, A. Naumov, Y. Smirnov, A. Gupta, P. Arora, A. Acharya, A. Agarwal","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2014.7331532","url":null,"abstract":"A remote comparison campaign of Caesium fountain clocks from four National Metrology Institutes in Europe and Asia was carried out in May 2013. Six fountains at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Germany, Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Technical and Radio Technical Measurements (VNIIFTRI-SU) Russia, National Physical Laboratory of India (NPLI) India and National Institute of Metrology (NIM) China were compared by Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) and GPS Carrier Phase (GPS CP) techniques. The frequency differences and the comparison uncertainties between the compared fountain pairs were evaluated. The comparison uncertainty (uc) results from combining the uncertainties of the two compared fountain clocks and the uncertainty introduced by the comparison link. All the frequency differences between the fountains agreed within the 1-sigma uncertainty in the low 10-15 level. We present in this paper the measurements and the evaluation of the campaign in details.","PeriodicalId":129873,"journal":{"name":"2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127107752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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