Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Methane Impurity Effect in the Acetylene Decomposition on Size and Morphology of the Appearing Soot Particles","authors":"E. I. Shkolnikov, A. Grigorenko, I. A. Lipatova, V. Kumar, M. S. Vlaskin","doi":"10.18698/1812-3368-2023-2-110-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2023-2-110-125","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studied the effect of acetylene or its methane mixture pressure at decomposition in the laboratory cylindrical reactor with spark ignition to obtain the acetylene soot. Size range of the formed particles and their surface morphology were determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Specific surface area distributions over the pore radii and evaluation of the acetylene soot samples particle size were identified using the adsorption method of limited evaporation. All the experimental methods used confirmed significant decrease in the acetylene soot particle size at the increase in the acetylene initial pressure during its decomposition. Accordingly, the particles specific outer surface increased, but the microporous specific surface of the particles outer shell practically was not changing. Methane present in the mixture with acetylene in decomposition significantly increased the particles size and reduced both the specific outer surface and the microporous surface of the soot particles shell. It is shown that the proposed method for analyzing distributions of the acetylene soot specific surface area over the pore radii makes it possible to estimate with high accuracy particle sizes, total soot specific surface area and contribution of various factors forming this surface","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72899984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic Properties Study of Photonic Crystals and Nanostructures","authors":"I. Aliev, M. Yashin, A. A. Loboiko, O.O. Gorbatova, R.E. Lyatifov","doi":"10.18698/1812-3368-2023-2-35-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2023-2-35-49","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes substantiation of dependence of dielectric permittivity, polariton dispersion and light group velocity in the sodium uranyl acetate on the wavelength. Many bands were found in the uranyl compounds transmission and absorption spectra. It was indicated that the polariton waves group velocity was decreasing anomalously in vicinity of the resonant absorption frequencies, i.e., the light was effectively stopped. This led to abnormal increase in the efficiency between the light interaction processes and the matter. Optical properties of the one-dimensional photonic crystal film formed by electrochemical etching of aluminum foil were studied. Experimental data on the transmission and reflection spectra in the region of first, second and third stop bands of the anode photonic aluminum oxide crystal were compared with theoretical dependence obtained from the known dispersion relation. Refractive indices of the first and second layers of various thin photonic crystal films, structure period and effective refractive index of the structures were theoretically calculated. Possibility of controlling position of the stop bands of one-dimensional photonic crystals in accordance with the Wulff --- Bragg’s relation was established. The studied photonic crystals could be used in experimental setups to register the light combined scattering spectra of dielectric media in the low-frequencies region","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79172668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal Filtering at Jump Multiplicative Interference","authors":"V. A. Bukhalev, A. A. Skrynnikov, V. A. Boldinov","doi":"10.18698/1812-3368-2023-2-4-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2023-2-4-16","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of constructing the approximately optimal Bayesian algorithm of filtering the output signal for a linear stochastic dynamical system is solved. Non-linear mixture of the output signal and of the multiplicative interference was measured. This interference is a continuous-valued random process with the unknown distribution law within the given limits of [c(1), c(2)], c(1) > 0, c(2) > 0, and in the frequency range of [0, ∆ω]. The filtering algorithm is synthesized by the approximately optimal signal estimation method based on the theory of systems with random jump structure and the method of two-time parametric approximation of the phase coordinates probability distribution. The method consists in approximate replacement of the unknown probability densities of phase coordinates by the known distribution laws with the unknown mathematical expectations and covariances determined as a result of solving the problem. The proposed approximate-optimal filtering algorithm is based on replacement of the continuous-valued multiplicative interference by a random jump process, i.e., Markov chain with two states c(1), c(2) and equal intensities of transitions from one state to another q′ = 2∆ω. Conditional probability densities of the output signal for fixed states of the Markov chain c(1), c(2) are approximated by gamma distributions that depend on mathematical expectations and variances of the x(t) signal at the fixed c(1), c(2) and measurements x(t) in a mixture with the Markov jump interference. An example of constructing an algorithm for evaluating the distance from an aircraft to the object based on object irradiance measurement by the infrared direction finder was considered. Irradiance was equal to the radiation strength ratio to the square of the distance. Radiation strength, i.e., multiplicative interference, was the random process with unknown continuous distribution in a limited range. The approximate-optimal filter was constructed for distance evaluation by replacing this process with a two-state Markov chain and approximating the distance probability density by the Rayleigh distribution","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79750257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-Harmonic Bending Waves Evolution in a Beam Lying on the Generalized Nonlinear-Elastic Foundation and Possibility of their Transformation into a Sequence of Wave Packets","authors":"V. Erofeev, A. Morozov, I. S. Tsarev","doi":"10.18698/1812-3368-2023-2-83-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2023-2-83-97","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers dynamic behavior of a track structure, which is a beam performing bending vibrations and lying on the elastic foundation. In this case, a generalized base model is selected that contains two independent bed coefficients: stiffness for tensile (compressive) and shear deformations. Such a model takes into account the soil distributive ability, i.e., its property to settle not only under the loaded area and the foundation, but also in its vicinity. In addition,to describe the foundation stiffness nonlinear properties, the model assumed dependence on the transverse midline beam and its gradient displacement. Results analysis of the wave processes in the beam showed that, since bending waves had strong dispersion, solution to the problem in the presence of weak nonlinearity was close to solution of a linear problem, and it could be represented as a set of quasi-harmonics. Using the Lighthill criterion, conditions modulation instability manifestation (self-modulation) of the quasi-harmonic waves, which led to their spatial localization and division into separate wave packets, were studied. Analytical expressions were found that described the wave packets shapes. Dependences connecting the amplitude and the wave packet width with the elastic foundation rigidity were analyzed","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76409336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study of the Carbon Deposits Accumulation in the Oxygen-Methane Model Gas Path","authors":"S. Fedorov, D.F. Slesarev, D. Isakov","doi":"10.18698/0236-3941-2023-1-52-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2023-1-52-66","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers mechanisms of the carbon deposits formation on the metal surface at contact with the gas phase containing products of incomplete combustion of the oxygen-methane generator gas. The first mechanism is the socalled mechanism of metal dust formation, which products remain on the wall surface and form the carbon deposits, the second is the mechanism of carbon deposits formation associated with the carbon particles in the gas flow, which are being deposited on the wall. An experimental system was developed with the working section being a model path of the oxygen-methane generator gas of the reducing composition; and accumulation of the carbon deposits was experimentally studied. When selecting performance characteristics of the experimental system, features of the liquid rocket engine gas path were taken into account; therefor, the experimental system was having characteristics closer to the expected characteristics of the full-scale gas path. Intensities of the deposit formation on samples of metallic material and reference quartz were compared. It was established that the main mechanism for the carbon deposits formation was precipitation of soot contained in the generator gas flow onto the wall of the gas path. The number of deposits was determined by weight. The range of the fuel components ratio was identified, where formation of the deposits was minimal","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77546101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionics in the Development of Agricultural Machines Taking into Account the Processed Material and the Created Devices Properties in Determining Characteristics","authors":"L. F. Babitsky, V. Moskalevich","doi":"10.18698/0236-3933-2023-1-4-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2023-1-4-14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers development of the new area in agricultural engineering, i.e., bionics. The purpose of the work is to elaborate methodology and technical means for determining the soil deformation index as a new characteristic of its physical and mechanical properties, which makes it possible to pass directly from the processed materials deformation properties to the shape of the working surfaces of machines created in similarity to the living dorbeetle organisms. The soil deformation index is the deformer area per unit of critical pressure on the soil. When describing the soil behavior in the deformation process, the paper proposes to use this indicator in the rheological models. The method for determining the soil deformation index provides for a smooth indentation of a hemispherical tip into the soil or earth with simultaneous fixation of its immersion depth into the soil and of the force required in penetrating to this depth. Registration of these parameters is possible both on paper in the form of a diagram and electronically in the digital form. A device for the soil deformation index determination is considered, it includes a laboratory unit with the hydraulic drive, a microscope-based unit for bionic research and a device for working in the field","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84421345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Rejection Boundaries of the Spacecraft Schematic Layout by Thermal and Erosive Effects Level of the Electric Rocket Engines Plasma Jets","authors":"А.B. Nadiradze, А.А. Dudunov","doi":"10.18698/0236-3941-2023-1-38-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2023-1-38-51","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes an engineering method to account for thermal and erosive effects of the electric rocket engine plasma jet on the spacecraft structural elements with the electric rocket engines installed on a spacecraft. The method is based on introducing the rejection boundaries that define the region of space, where installation of the spacecraft structural elements is unacceptable from the point of view of certain impact type. The rejection boundary is a surface, where the impact indicators are equal to the allowable value, inside the boundaries they exceed the allowable values (critical impact area), and outside the boundaries they stay below the allowable values (admissible impact area). If the spacecraft elements appear in the critical impact area, position of the electric rocket engines on the spacecraft should be corrected. Equilibrium surface temperature is the thermal effect indicator, which should not exceed the given allowable value; an erosion depth is the erosive effect indicator. Allowable level of erosive action depends on material and characteristics of the sprayed structural element. The considered indicators were determined by the ion current density at the given point in space for the worst case without accounting for the jet ions angle of incidence on the surface. Rejection boundaries were found for the plasma jet thermal and erosive effects of the SPT-100 stationary engine on various materials. It is shown that, incontrast to the traditionally used limitation on the jet divergence angle, the rejection boundary method makes it possible to significantly improve the accuracy of estimates and reduce the probability of errors in the layout of a modern spacecraft","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81758985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image Generation Method Based on the Recoverable Byte Sequence using the Neural Networks","authors":"I. V. Rudakov, M. V. Filippov, M. A. Kudryavtsev","doi":"10.18698/0236-3933-2023-1-83-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2023-1-83-97","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rapid development of information technologies, the tasks of ensuring information integrity, safety and confidentiality, as well as the possibility of guaranteed confirmation of its source, are becoming more relevant than ever. One of the possible solutions to this problem could be the steganographic methods, which allow both hiding the fact of information transfer and imperceptibly adding the useful data. Scientific literature describes a large number of steganographic algorithms. However, only insignificant number of works is devoted to the data hiding methods using the neural networks, and even less are devoted to generating containers for them. A method for generating images based on the hidden information is proposed, which guarantees possibility of both hiding and subsequent extraction of information eliminating the need to select an appropriate container. As part of the method, an algorithm was developed that included description of the stages of input data preprocessing, transformation into the container image and extraction of the hidden information. Examples of the proposed method operation are provided. The method could serve both as a steganographic algorithm for hiding information and as the algorithm for adding information in the form of watermarks","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73850378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Algorithm of Gas Dynamic Calculation on Asymmetric Cones by the Method of Local Wedges and Cones","authors":"V. V. Gorskiy, M.Yu. Brodskiy","doi":"10.18698/0236-3941-2023-1-22-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2023-1-22-37","url":null,"abstract":"Studies related to alteration in the shape of a body moving in the dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere at high speed are associated with the need to consider an entire set of problems having no strict physical and mathematical description. To solve problems of this kind, it becomes necessary to use semi-empirical approaches tested on fundamental experimental data obtained in a fairly wide range of determining factors on the models characterized, as a rule, by an extremely simple pattern of the gas flow. Introduction of this mathematical description in real operating conditions is characterized by the need to study the processes of gas dynamics and heat transfer in the three-dimensional formulation combined with the complex nature of their course. These processes determine alteration in the shape of a body causing serious problems associated with rigorous solution of this complex mutually conjugate problem. As a result, there appeared a large number of publications devoted to approximate methods for calculating the spatial flow around bodies by the gas flow used to calculate intensity of the convective heat transfer. This article describes in detail the algorithm for solving the problem of spatial flow around blunt cones by the method of local wedges and cones","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87413665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development Methodology of a Human-Machine Interface in the System Supporting the Operator of Industrial Facilities Acting in the Emergencies","authors":"A. B. Uali, A. Naukenova, O. Korsun, A. Tulekbaeva, E. Glukhova, M. A. Glukhov","doi":"10.18698/0236-3933-2023-1-98-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2023-1-98-116","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes methodological approaches to development of a human-machine interface for the specialized software supporting operator activities of industrial facilities in emergencies. As an example, development of a system is considered to support activities of the oil refinery operators in eliminating various failures and their consequences in accordance with the adopted regulations of the accident elimination plan. Features of the operator actions in the emergency were analyzed, and requirements for the operator support program interface were formulated. The proposed approach is based on introduction of design patterns for human-machine interfaces in the safety-critical systems. Main patterns were analyzed, and recommendations were given on the use of specific patterns in creating a software interface to support the operator actions. Results of the experimental study of possibilities of the proposed software practical application are presented showing significant reduction in the time spent by the operator on actions to execute the emergency response plan requirements and decrease the number of errors. This confirms effectiveness of the developed methodology in practice. As the area for further improvement of the industrial facilities operator actions, it is advisable to consider methods for estimating the operator state according to the data obtained from heterogeneous information channels including speech, analysis of the number of blinks, evaluation of emotions, analysis of the head tilt, direction of gaze and others using the convolutional neural networks of deep learning","PeriodicalId":12961,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80820183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}