Healthcare Informatics Research最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Standardized Curriculum for Nursing Informatics in Korea.","authors":"Myonghwa Park,&nbsp;Bonkhe Brian Dlamini,&nbsp;Jahyeon Kim,&nbsp;Min-Jung Kwak,&nbsp;Insook Cho,&nbsp;Mona Choi,&nbsp;Jisan Lee,&nbsp;Yul Ha Min,&nbsp;Bu Kyung Park,&nbsp;Seonah Lee","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.4.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.4.343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored the current status of nursing informatics education in South Korea and developed a standardized curriculum for it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected in two stages: first, an online survey conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 among 60 nursing schools to analyze the current status of nursing informatics education; and second, a two-round Delphi survey with 15 experts from March to April 2021 to determine the mean and standard deviation of the demand for each learning objective in nursing informatics education. A standardized curriculum proposal was developed based on the results of the two-round Delphi survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nursing informatics was most commonly taught in the fourth year (34%), with two credits. The proportion of elective major subjects was high in undergraduate and graduate programs (77.4% and 78.6%, respectively), while the proportion of nursing informatics majors was low (21.4%). The curriculum developed included topics such as nursing information system-related concepts, definitions and components of healthcare information systems, electronic medical records, clinical decision support systems, mobile technology and health management, medical information standards, personal information protection and ethics, understanding of big data, use of information technology in evidence-based practice, use of information in community nursing, genome information usage, artificial intelligence clinical information systems, administrative management systems, and information technology nursing education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nursing informatics professors should receive ongoing training to obtain recent medical information. Further review and modification of the nursing informatics curriculum should be performed to ensure that it remains up-to-date with recent developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/f6/hir-2022-28-4-343.PMC9672496.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40686784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Secondary Dental-Specific Database for Active Learning of Genetics in Dentistry Programs.","authors":"Nazlee Sharmin,&nbsp;Ava K Chow,&nbsp;Shanice Govia","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.4.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.4.387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Dental students study the genetics of tooth and facial development through didactic lectures only. Meanwhile, scientists' knowledge of genetics is rapidly expanding, over and above what is commonly found in textbooks. Therefore, students studying dentistry are often unfamiliar with the burgeoning field of genetic data and biological databases. There is also a growing interest in applying active learning strategies to teach genetics in higher education. We developed a secondary database called \"Genetics for Dentistry\" to use as an active learning tool for teaching genetics in dentistry programs. The database archives genomic and proteomic data related to enamel and dentin formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We took a systematic approach to identify, collect, and organize genomic and proteomic tooth development data from primary databases and literature searches. The data were checked for accuracy and exported to Ragic to create an interactive secondary database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>\"Genetics for Dentistry,\" which is in its initial phase, contains information on all the human genes involved in enamel and dentin formation. Users can search the database by gene name, protein sequence, chromosomal location, and other keywords related to protein and gene function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\"Genetics for Dentistry\" will be introduced as an active learning tool for teaching genetics at the School of Dentistry of the University of Alberta. Activities using the database will supplement lectures on genetics in the dentistry program. We hope that incorporating this database as an active learning tool will reduce students' cognitive load in learning genetics and stimulate interest in new branches of science, including bioinformatics and precision dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/61/hir-2022-28-4-387.PMC9672492.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40686788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable and Interoperable Platform for Precision Medicine: Cloud-based Hospital Information Systems.","authors":"Jin-Su Jang,&nbsp;Nackhwan Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Heon Lee","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.4.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.4.285","url":null,"abstract":"are managed via hospital information systems (HISs), which are sophisticated, integrated information platforms [1]. The effectiveness of a system and the quality of its information are associated with user satisfaction [2,3]. Therefore, many hospitals are investing significant financial resources into building next-generation HISs in order to create and utilize high-quality biomedical data. HISs have also been recently acknowledged as a vital component in the digitalization and intellectualization of hospitals. However, because of the high level of difficulty in domain expertise, HIS renewal projects are large-scale IT initiatives that frequently fail [4]. Korea University Medical Center (KUMC) began developing “P-HIS 1.0,” a cloud-based hospital information system, in 2017, and became the first institution in Korea to operate an HIS using cloud infrastructure on March 29, 2021. Since then, it has obtained approximately 18 months of experience in operating the system. This period was not just a time interval, but a community-wide effort to provide future medical care and a challenge to adapt to the changing environment of the biomedical industry. The leaders who introduced these changes emphasized the scalability and interoperability of the HIS as a platform for the future medical industry. The data flowing through the system are extracted as standardized terms, transformed into common modules, and loaded into an integrated database. The biomedical data are used for clinical services and for research and development to achieve precision medicine. To effectively regulate incursions from external networks to internal networks, the cloud architecture incorporated an intrusion prevention system (IPS). The security capacity was further enhanced by deploying several anti-distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), IPS, and firewall security devices. In addition to general user access, a virtual personal network (VPN) system with enhanced security is installed for those in charge and users who need access to systems and servers from outside, and all information is encrypted through externally enhanced security access to maintain operational continuity. In other words, general users and hospital personnel use the network separately. Scalability can be defined as the capacity of an HIS to match the increasing number of environmental requirements comprehensively and allow the integration of systemic growth [5]. Interoperability implies the capacity of different software applications and information technology systems to communicate and share data consistently, effectively, and accurately, as well as to properly use the shared data [6]. The utilization of a tremendous amount of biomedical data is only possible on a platform equipped with scalability and interoperability. The construction and operation of the platform are close to the realm of art based on the essential characteristics of its data, medical services, and technical design. KUMC’s information technol","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/c7/hir-2022-28-4-285.PMC9672497.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40685914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Smart System for Parkinson Disease Classification Using the Voice as a Biomarker.","authors":"Ilias Tougui, Abdelilah Jilbab, Jamal El Mhamdi","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.210","DOIUrl":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study presents PD Predict, a machine learning system for Parkinson disease classification using voice as a biomarker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We first created an original set of recordings from the mPower study, and then extracted several audio features, such as mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) components and other classical speech features, using a windowing procedure. The generated dataset was then divided into training and holdout sets. The training set was used to train two machine learning pipelines, and their performance was estimated using a nested subject-wise cross-validation approach. The holdout set was used to assess the generalizability of the pipelines for unseen data. The final pipelines were implemented in PD Predict and accessed through a prediction endpoint developed using the Django REST Framework. PD Predict is a two-component system: a desktop application that records audio recordings, extracts audio features, and makes predictions; and a server-side web application that implements the machine learning pipelines and processes incoming requests with the extracted audio features to make predictions. Our system is deployed and accessible via the following link: https://pdpredict.herokuapp.com/.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both machine learning pipelines showed moderate performance, between 65% and 75% using the nested subject-wise cross-validation approach. Furthermore, they generalized well to unseen data and they did not overfit the training set.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The architecture of PD Predict is clear, and the performance of the implemented machine learning pipelines is promising and confirms the usability of smartphone microphones for capturing digital biomarkers of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/f8/hir-2022-28-3-210.PMC9388925.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Health and Social Needs of Community Residents Using an Online Community Care Platform: Linkage to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.","authors":"Myounghwa Park,&nbsp;Linh Khanh Bui,&nbsp;Miri Jeong,&nbsp;Eun Jeong Choi,&nbsp;Nayoung Lee,&nbsp;Minjung Kwak,&nbsp;Jahyeon Kim,&nbsp;Jinju Kim,&nbsp;Jihye Jung,&nbsp;Ouckyong Shin,&nbsp;Junsik Na,&nbsp;Huynjeong Guk","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of the Comprehensive Health and Social Need Assessment (CHSNA) system, which identifies community residents' health and social needs, and to link these needs with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult community residents in a metropolitan city in Korea were recruited. They were asked to assess their health and social needs via the CHSNA system, which was integrated into an online community-care platform. Three assessment steps (basic health assessment, needs for activities of daily living, and in-depth health assessment) associated with five ICF components were used to evaluate physical health impairment, difficulties in activities and participation, and environmental problems. The final list of health and social needs was systematically linked to the domains and categories of the ICF. Only data from participants who completed all three assessment steps were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wide ranges of impairments and difficulties regarding the daily living activities, physical health, and environmental status of the community were recorded from 190 people who completed assessments of their health and social needs by the CHSNA system. These participants reported various health and social needs for their community life; common needs corresponded to the ICF components of body functions and activities/participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ICF may be suitable for determining the health-related problems and needs of the general population. Possible improvements to the present system include providing support for completing all assessment steps and developing an ICF core set for an enhanced understanding of health and social needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/65/hir-2022-28-3-198.PMC9388924.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40707632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of Case-Based Reasoning Similarity Formula to Enhance the Performance of Smart System in Handling the Complaints of in vitro Fertilization Program Patients.","authors":"Paminto Agung Christianto,&nbsp;Eko Sediyono,&nbsp;Irwan Sembiring","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Eighty percent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients have high anxiety levels, which influence the success of IVF and drive IVF patients to quickly report any abnormal symptoms. Rapid responses from fertility subspecialist doctors may reduce patients' anxiety levels, but fertility subspecialist doctors' high workload and their patients' worsening health conditions make them unable to handle IVF patients' complaints quickly. Research suggests that smart systems using case-based reasoning (CBR) can help doctors handle patients quickly. However, a prior study reported enhanced accuracy by modifying the CBR similarity formula based on Lin's similarity theory to generate the Chris case-based reasoning (CCBR) similarity formula.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were validated through interviews with two fertility subspecialist doctors, interviews with two IVF patients, a questionnaire administered to 17 community members, the relevant literature, and 256 records with data on IVF patients' complaints and how they were handled. An experiment compared the performance of the CBR similarity formula algorithm with the CCBR similarity formula algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A confusion matrix showed that the CCBR similarity formula had an accuracy value of 52.58% and a precision value of 100%. Fertility subspecialist doctors stated that 89.69% of the CCBR similarity formula recommendations were accurate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recommend applying a combination of the CCBR similarity formula and a minimum reference value of 80% with a CBR smart system for handling IVF patients' complaints. This recommendation for an accurate system produced by the CBR similarity formula may help fertility subspecialist doctors handle IVF patients' complaints.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/8d/hir-2022-28-3-267.PMC9388916.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of the Use of Standardized Vocabularies on Epilepsy Patient Cohort Generation.","authors":"Hyesil Jung,&nbsp;Ho-Young Lee,&nbsp;Sooyoung Yoo,&nbsp;Hee Hwang,&nbsp;Hyunyoung Baek","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effectiveness of using standardized vocabularies to generate epilepsy patient cohorts with local medical codes, SNOMED Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), and International Classification of Diseases tenth revision (ICD-10)/Korean Classification of Diseases-7 (KCD-7).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the granularity between SNOMED CT and ICD-10 for epilepsy by counting the number of SNOMED CT concepts mapped to one ICD-10 code. Next, we created epilepsy patient cohorts by selecting all patients who had at least one code included in the concept sets defined using each vocabulary. We set patient cohorts generated by local codes as the reference to evaluate the patient cohorts generated using SNOMED CT and ICD-10/KCD-7. We compared the number of patients, the prevalence of epilepsy, and the age distribution between patient cohorts by year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of the cohort size, the match rate with the reference cohort was approximately 99.2% for SNOMED CT and 94.0% for ICD-10/KDC7. From 2010 to 2019, the mean prevalence of epilepsy defined using the local codes, SNOMED CT, and ICD-10/KCD-7 was 0.889%, 0.891% and 0.923%, respectively. The age distribution of epilepsy patients showed no significant difference between the cohorts defined using local codes or SNOMED CT, but the ICD-9/KCD-7-generated cohort showed a substantial gap in the age distribution of patients with epilepsy compared to the cohort generated using the local codes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number and age distribution of patients were substantially different from the reference when we used ICD-10/KCD-7 codes, but not when we used SNOMED CT concepts. Therefore, SNOMED CT is more suitable for representing clinical ideas and conducting clinical studies than ICD-10/KCD-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/c6/hir-2022-28-3-240.PMC9388923.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Efflorescences in Pustular Psoriasis Using Deep Learning.","authors":"Ludovic Amruthalingam,&nbsp;Oliver Buerzle,&nbsp;Philippe Gottfrois,&nbsp;Alvaro Gonzalez Jimenez,&nbsp;Anastasia Roth,&nbsp;Thomas Koller,&nbsp;Marc Pouly,&nbsp;Alexander A Navarini","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pustular psoriasis (PP) is one of the most severe and chronic skin conditions. Its treatment is difficult, and measurements of its severity are highly dependent on clinicians' experience. Pustules and brown spots are the main efflorescences of the disease and directly correlate with its activity. We propose an automated deep learning model (DLM) to quantify lesions in terms of count and surface percentage from patient photographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, two dermatologists and a student labeled 151 photographs of PP patients for pustules and brown spots. The DLM was trained and validated with 121 photographs, keeping 30 photographs as a test set to assess the DLM performance on unseen data. We also evaluated our DLM on 213 unstandardized, out-of-distribution photographs of various pustular disorders (referred to as the pustular set), which were ranked from 0 (no disease) to 4 (very severe) by one dermatologist for disease severity. The agreement between the DLM predictions and experts' labels was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the test set and Spearman correlation (SC) coefficient for the pustular set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the test set, the DLM achieved an ICC of 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.98) for count and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.92-0.94) for surface percentage. On the pustular set, the DLM reached a SC coefficient of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.60-0.74) for count and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75-0.83) for surface percentage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed method quantifies efflorescences from PP photographs reliably and automatically, enabling a precise and objective evaluation of disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/f3/hir-2022-28-3-222.PMC9388917.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Text Mining of Biomedical Articles Using the Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) Platform: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome as a Case Study.","authors":"Ricardo A Dorr,&nbsp;Juan J Casal,&nbsp;Roxana Toriano","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Automated systems for information extraction are becoming very useful due to the enormous scale of the existing literature and the increasing number of scientific articles published worldwide in the field of medicine. We aimed to develop an accessible method using the open-source platform KNIME to perform text mining (TM) on indexed publications. Material from scientific publications in the field of life sciences was obtained and integrated by mining information on hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) as a case study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Text retrieved from Europe PubMed Central (PMC) was processed using specific KNIME nodes. The results were presented in the form of tables or graphical representations. Data could also be compared with those from other sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By applying TM to the scientific literature on HUS as a case study, and by selecting various fields from scientific articles, it was possible to obtain a list of individual authors of publications, build bags of words and study their frequency and temporal use, discriminate topics (HUS vs. atypical HUS) in an unsupervised manner, and cross-reference information with a list of FDA-approved drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following the instructions in the tutorial, researchers without programming skills can successfully perform TM on the indexed scientific literature. This methodology, using KNIME, could become a useful tool for performing statistics, analyzing behaviors, following trends, and making forecast related to medical issues. The advantages of TM using KNIME include enabling the integration of scientific information, helping to carry out reviews, and optimizing the management of resources dedicated to basic and clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/bc/hir-2022-28-3-276.PMC9388920.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised Machine Learning to Identify Depressive Subtypes.","authors":"Benson Kung, Maurice Chiang, Gayan Perera, Megan Pritchard, Robert Stewart","doi":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.256","DOIUrl":"10.4258/hir.2022.28.3.256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated an unsupervised machine learning method, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), as a method for identifying subtypes of depression within symptom data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 18,314 depressed patients were used to create LDA models. The outcomes included future emergency presentations, crisis events, and behavioral problems. One model was chosen for further analysis based upon its potential as a clinically meaningful construct. The associations between patient groups created with the final LDA model and outcomes were tested. These steps were repeated with a commonly-used latent variable model to provide additional context to the LDA results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five subtypes were identified using the final LDA model. Prior to the outcome analysis, the subtypes were labeled based upon the symptom distributions they produced: psychotic, severe, mild, agitated, and anergic-apathetic. The patient groups largely aligned with the outcome data. For example, the psychotic and severe subgroups were more likely to have emergency presentations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.43 and OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.29, respectively), whereas these outcomes were less likely in the mild subgroup (OR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.94). We found that the LDA subtypes were characterized by clusters of unique symptoms. This contrasted with the latent variable model subtypes, which were largely stratified by severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that LDA can surface clinically meaningful, qualitative subtypes. Future work could be incorporated into studies concerning the biological bases of depression, thereby contributing to the development of new psychiatric therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12947,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Informatics Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/14/hir-2022-28-3-256.PMC9388921.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10841923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}