Nepal Journal of Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Tree Diversity Conservation Initiatives in Sacred Groves of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal","authors":"L. J. Shrestha, M. Devkota, B. K. Sharma","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29768","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in two sacred groves of Kathmandu Valley, Pashupati Sacred Grove, and Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove, aiming to analyze the diversity of tree species and their role in conserving biodiversity. Parallel transects with concentric circular plot survey methods were applied for data collection. During the study, 23 tree species belonging to 22 genera and 15 families were recorded in Pashupati sacred grove, whereas only 19 tree species belonging to 16 genera and 13 families were recorded from Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove. The Shannon-Weiner diversity indices were higher (H=1.91) in Pashupati Sacred Grove compared to Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove, with 1.80 Shanon-Weiner Indices. Three types of forest were recorded from Pashupati Sacred Grove, namely the Schima-Pyrus forest, Myrsine-Persea forest, and Quercus-Myrsine forest, and only one Neolitsia cuipala forest from Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove. The sacred grove is one of the pioneers and community-based management regimes of the forest resource management system. It plays a decisive role in biodiversity conservation as it associated with many taboos and belief systems, thus providing a better opportunity for conservation compared to that of the government management system.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130479523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on Soil Microbial Biomass in Tarai and Hill Sal (Shorearobusta Gaertn.) Forests of Tropical Region in Eastern Nepal","authors":"K. Bhattarai, T. Mandal","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29734","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal variation and seasonality on soil microbial biomass carbon (MB-C), nitrogen (MB-N), and phosphorus (MB-P) betweenTarai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF) of the tropical region in eastern Nepal. Soil microbial biomass was estimated by chloroform fumigation extraction method in summer, rainy and winter seasons in the upper (0-15 cm) soil depth in both forests. Pre-conditioned soil samples were saturated with purified liquid chloroform, represented fumigated sample. Another set of soil samples without using chloroform, represented unfumigated samples and soil microbial biomass was estimated from these samples. MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P were higher by 66%, 31%, and 9%, respectively, in HSF than TSF. Distinct seasonality was observed in soil microbial biomass. It was maximum in summer and minimum in rainy season in both the forest stands. The value decreased from summer to rainy season by 46 to 67% in HSF and by 32 to 80% in TSF. Higher soil microbial biomass in the summer season may be due to its accumulation in soil when the plant growth and nutrient demand are minimal. Analysis of variance suggested that MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P were significantly different for both sites and seasons (P < 0.001). Soil organic carbon, TN, and TP were positively correlated with MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P in both the forests. In conclusion, the higher value of soil microbial biomass in HSF may be due to the higher concentration of soil organic matter and decreasing turnover rate of microbial biomass due to higher altitude. On the other hand, the lower value of microbial biomass at TSF may indicate its fast turnover rate due to lowland tropics to enhance the nutrient cycling process.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125920469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-Morphological Diversity (Qualitative Traits) of Oryza sativa L. Cultivated in Paiyunpata Village, Baglung, Nepal","authors":"H. Pathak","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29732","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in Paiyunpata, Baglung-13, which lies in the southern part of Baglung Bazaar, Central Nepal. The main objective of the present study was to study the agro-morphological traits of rice varieties cultivated in the study area and make easy ways for germplasm conservation. Direct observation and measurements were carried out to collect primary data.Agro-morphological characters of 19 landraces of rice in the study sites were measured in terms of qualitative characters and made ways easy for germplasm conservation. Besides, the varied landraces may be suggested to breeding for crop improvement, but patents should be that of the community.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131461638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dactylorhizahatagirea: A Critical Issue for Research and Development in Nepal","authors":"M. M. Magar, S. P. Dhital, Tetsuya Yamada, U. Pun","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29735","url":null,"abstract":"Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. don), commonly known as ‘Panchaule’ in Nepal, is a terrestrial orchid found in temperate to the alpine region. It is valued for its ornamental and medicinal use. It is collected haphazardly from nature due to high economic demand. However, its propagation is limited in nature due to its non-endospermous seeds requiring mycorhizal fungal association for germination. This limitation is leading to the extinction of this orchid from nature and has been enlisted as an endangered and threatened species. Its collection and trade are restricted but have been prioritized for research, conservation, and agro-technology development. As very few research has been reported in D. hatagirea, found in Nepal, intensive research, propagation, reintroduction, and commercial cultivation will help control the rhizome collection from nature and meet the economic demand. It will help in the identification and conservation of our local germplasm through its diversity study at the molecular and revenue generation through commercial cultivation under artificial conditions. In this review paper, we discuss the limited research and developments conducted in Dactylorhiza at various levels and ways forward for its research, conservation, and utilization. As the plant is valued for its biochemical constituents, modern biotechnological tools such as transcriptomics and metabolomics can be best utilized to explore the opportunities and increase its production and reintroduction through mass propagation for better commercialization and conservation.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"List of mushrooms found in Dhikura village and its adjoining Rotepakho community forest in Arghakhanchi district, Central Nepal","authors":"R. Acharya","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29738","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out for higher fungi, especially mushrooms, found in Dhikura village and its adjoining Rotepakho community forest, Arghakhanchi district, Central Nepal from October 25 to 26, 2014. A total of 33 species, including both Ascomycetes (3 species) and Basidiomycetes (30 species) fungi were collected from the study area. The documented Ascomycetes species were from three orders belonging to three families and three genera, whereas Basidiomycetes species were from eight orders belonging to 17 families and 26 genera. Polyporales were found to be the dominant order in the study area, with 11 species followed by Agaricales (6 species) and Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and Russullales (3 species). Similarly, Polyporaceae was found to be the dominant family represented by nine species, Hymenochaetaceae (3 species), and followed equally by Exobasidiaceae, Sclerodermataceae, and Steriaceae (2 species). Litsea monopetalous was found to be the primary host plant for three different mushroom species (including one Ascomycetes and two Basidiomycetes species) followed by Shorea robusta, Grewia asiatica, Mangifera indica, Machillus odoratissima, Terminalia bellirica, Wedlandia coriacea and Terminalia chebula(2 Basidiomycetes species).","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129032169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Vegetable Biodiversity in Terai and Hilly Belts of Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"Pukar Devkota, S. R. Mishra","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29731","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to assess biodiversity and conservation aspects of vegetable crops in two different geographical areas of the Chitwan district. The household survey was carried out in Kailash (hill) and Nayabasti (terai) of Chitwan. Descriptive analysis, mean comparison, correlations, and biodiversity indices were used for data analysis. On the basis of biodiversity index, evenness, the adequate number of species, and Sorenson’s coefficient, open-pollinated (OP) (nonhybrid) vegetables were more diverse in hills than in terai, while hybrid vegetables are more diverse in terai than in hills. Hybrid vegetables were mostly grown in terai, where the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was also higher. OP vegetables dominated hilly areas. Gurung ethnic community had a significant role in the conservation of indigenous vegetable biodiversity. The primary source of seed was home storage in the case of OP vegetables in hills. However, in terai, agro-concerns were used as a significant source of seeds, followed by co-operatives. Co-operatives’ involvement was high in terai as compared to hills, but the role was not significant in vegetable farming. \u0000In contrast, assistance in vegetable farming from agriculture service provider organizations was higher in hills as compared to terai. The major problem in vegetable farming was lack of irrigation in both areas, followed by market inaccessibility in hills, whereas climate change was rising as a problem in terai. Markets of produced goods were farm gate, local markets, and distant markets. A middleman mostly did the price determination of the products. Off-season vegetable farming was not practiced in the study areas. However, off-farm vegetable production was typical in hilly areas. Indigenous and OP vegetable biodiversity has been facing various challenges despite their roles in nutrition, indigenous knowledge promotion, and food security. Hence, it is suggested to strengthen government policy toward irrigation facility development, gene bank establishment, marketing facilities, and technology transfer and develop on-farm community based intense organizations for sustainable vegetable diversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128867666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro propagation of the endangered orchid Dendrobium chryseum Rolfefrom protocorms culture","authors":"S. Maharjan, Laxmi Sen Thakuri, B. Thapa, S. Pradhan, K. Pant, G. Joshi, B. Pant","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29737","url":null,"abstract":"The immature seeds of Dendrobium chryseum, a sympodial epiphytic orchid with yellow flowers, were cultured in vitro, and the resultant protocorms were used as explants for seedling development. Protocorms were cultured on 1⁄2 M.S. medium fortified with Kinetin (Kn), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) in three concentrations (0.5mg/L, 1.0 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L) both alone and supplemented with 5% and 10% coconut water (C.W.). The highest number of shoots of D. chryseum developed on 1⁄2 M.S. medium fortified with 2.0 mg/L of Kn and10% C.W. and the longest shoots developed on 1⁄2 M.S. media fortified with 1.0 mg/L GA3, and 10% C.W. The shoot derived from protocorms were placed in 1⁄2 M.S. medium fortified with three different rooting hormones, Indole -3acetic acid (IAA), Indole -3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in different concentrations alone as well as with each 1.0 mg/L hormone combined with 10% C.W. The most effective of these media was 1⁄2 M.S. medium fortified with 1.5 mg/L IAA for rooting as well as for the production of longest roots. The present study could be useful for standardizing the protocol for mass propagation of the endangered orchid Dendrobium chryseum.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129057117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Availability and Hydrogeological Condition in the Siwalik Foothill of Eastern Nepal","authors":"D. Pathak","doi":"10.3126/NJST.V17I1.25061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJST.V17I1.25061","url":null,"abstract":"The Siwalik foothill is bounded between the Siwalik Range in the north and IndoGangetic Plain in the south. The Siwalik Range is composed of sedimentary rock, mainly the alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone and conglomerate. The Indo-Gangetic Plain consists of coarse sand, gravel, pebble, cobble and boulders in the northern part (Bhabar zone) that becomes finer (up to gravel size) southwards. Because of porous geology, the Bhabar zone is the potential area for groundwater recharge, but there is a restricted water availability due to deeper water table. A detailed investigation of has been carried out in parts of Chulachuli Village Development Committee of Ilam district, Nepal to assess the hydrogeological condition. The secondary information and primary data collected in the field and interpretation of satellite imageries had been carried out to extract relevant information and update the geological map of the area. The Bhabar zone is characterized by the low availability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes while the Middle Terai is represented by better groundwater potentiality.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128058954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Mud Bonded Stone Masonry Houses and Mitigation","authors":"H. Parajuli","doi":"10.3126/NJST.V17I1.25060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJST.V17I1.25060","url":null,"abstract":"Mud mortar bonded stone masonry houses are very common in the Himalayan region. These houses perform well under vertical loads; however, their capacity under lateral loads is questionable. Two representative houses are modeled by finite element method and analyzed under site specific earthquake ground motions simulated for the region. Stone walls were modeled as equivalent linear solid elements and interfaces between stones as joint elements. The joints were allowed to slide, open and close satisfying Mohr-Coulomb criteria. Parameters required for analysis were investigated from shaking Table tests. The model houses performed very poor even in 98 years return period earthquakes. As a mitigation measure, modified model houses by adding wooden bond beams were run under same earthquake ground motion as they were run before. Analyses show locally available wooden bond beams can be a good mitigation measure for strengthening of low strength stone masonry houses.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126334494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of Storage Conditions and Duration on Picroside-I and Picroside-II in Raw Material of Drug Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.)","authors":"P. R. Thani, Y. Sharma","doi":"10.3126/NJST.V17I1.25059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJST.V17I1.25059","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the proper storage of medicinal plants after being harvested becomes necessary to minimize the loss of active constituents from microbial reactions, heat, moisture, light and enzymes etc. In the present study, fresh rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki) were collected from 2600 m to 3300 m altitude of Himachal Pradesh (Rohtang area), India. The harvested material was washed to remove soil and other adhering materials, and then cut into small pieces and dried under shade. The air dried samples were packed in the different packing materials (i.e. Gunny bags or poly bags), stored either at room temperature or in refrigerator at 4° to 6 °C or in humid environment (85% humidity and 25 °C) for different storage durations and then analyzed their chemical constituents bimonthly. The study showed that the content of picroside-I and picroside-II decreased with the increase in storage duration irrespective of storage condition. However, the loss in picroside-I and picroside-II with storage was maximum when “Kutki” samples were stored under humid condition (85% humidity, 25 °C) and minimum loss was observed when samples were stored at low temperature (4-6 °C). So, to minimize the loss of picroside-I and picroside-II content in the drug Kutki during storage, Kutki must be stored at low temperature.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133168562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}