Harm Reduction Journal最新文献

{"title":"Harm reduction approaches within Indigenous communities across Turtle Island: A scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature.","authors":"Meenakshi Richardson, Andrea Medley, Jessica Kipp, Maya Magarati, Jessica Leston, Lee Torres, Kim Ford, Danica Brown, Myra Parker, Melissa Walls","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01434-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01434-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indigenous communities across Turtle Island (North America) have been practicing harm reduction for many decades, though the work is often under documented and underacknowledged. This scoping review serves to explore the current evidence base for opioid-related harm reduction in Indigenous communities, including both academic and grey literature, highlighting the application of harm reduction principles as outlined by the National Harm Reduction Coalition, as well as practices and approaches. Working under the leadership of Indigenous researchers and an Indigenous Advisory Committee, the scoping review included a search of three academic databases, PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline databases, and Ethnic NewsWatch, and three grey literature sources, Google, Harvard Think Tank and Native News databases. A total of sixteen sources met the inclusion criteria in both the academic and grey literature search. Data extraction yielded details surrounding the inclusion of harm reduction principles, the integration of Indigenous epistemologies and worldviews, and implications for harm reduction approaches in Indigenous communities. This scoping review highlights the depth and diversity of community-led, culturally grounded harm reduction practices in Indigenous communities across Turtle Island affirming that they are extensions of longstanding Indigenous ways of knowing, relating, and caring for one another. Advancing Indigenous harm reduction will require sustained investment in Indigenous-led research, programming, and governance and requires a commitment to honoring Indigenous data sovereignty, lived experiences, and the relational knowledge that has long guided this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword: the enhanced games-human enhancement, risk, and harm reduction in a post-doping era.","authors":"Imran Khan, Luke Cox, Kyle T Ganson, Timothy Piatkowski","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01448-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01448-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on methadone and buprenorphine prescriptions in England primary cares: an interrupted time series analysis.","authors":"Yi-Chen Chang, Wan-Chuen Liao, Li-Chia Chen, Teng-Chou Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01438-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01438-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13085378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette abstinence or changes in continued cigarette smoking among individuals who smoke cigarettes.","authors":"Mimi M Kim, Isabella Steffensen, Red D Miguel, Tanja Babic, Julien Carlone","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01439-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01439-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>With recent marked increase in e-cigarette use, potential associations between e-cigarette use and combustible cigarette smoking are an important public health issue. Following AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA guidelines, this evidence synthesis identified and characterized associations between e-cigarette use and abstinence from/quitting smoking cigarettes and changes in cigarette smoking quantity/frequency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The protocol was registered on November 06, 2018 (PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018115674). Three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) and gray literature were queried from January 01, 2007 to August 20, 2022. Search terms using medical subject headings (MeSH) and general terms were applied to identify studies related to the associations between e-cigarette use among combustible cigarette users and cessation from cigarette smoking. There was no age restriction applied to the population of interest which included individuals who use e-cigarettes (intervention) and individuals who do not use e-cigarettes (control). A priori abstinence outcome measures included: abstinence from/quitting smoking cigarettes, duration of abstinence from cigarette smoking, number of quit attempts made to abstain from cigarette smoking, age at quit attempt/quitting from cigarette smoking, change in cigarette smoking quantity/frequency, and relapse to smoking cigarettes. Results were screened using the PICOS review method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two meta-analyses comparing e-cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were non-significant. Findings from three additional meta-analyses comparing nicotine-containing e-cigarettes with behavioral support found significant associations between e-cigarettes and cigarette smoking abstinence at the longest follow-up duration (RR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.15-6.50), 6-month (RR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.39-5.23), and 3-month (RR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.71-7.12) follow-up. Further meta-analyses examining the change in cigarette smoking quantity/frequency was significantly associated with e-cigarette use and a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) at the longest follow-up (MD = 4.27, 95% CI 3.02-5.53), and at the 6-month (MD = 4.70, 95% CI 3.34-6.07), 3-month (MD = 4.14, 95% CI 1.11-7.17), 2-month (MD = 4.62, 95% CI 0.01-9.22), and 1-month (MD = 5.44, 95% CI 0.74-10.14) follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence suggests that the use of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes supports cigarette smoking cessation and reduction among individuals who smoke cigarettes regularly. Further studies are required to see if these patterns hold past the 1-year time point.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and power dynamics in three types of injection partnerships among young women in rural Appalachia.","authors":"Cheyenne R Wagi, Jaelyn Murphy, Madison N Enderle, Hannah Piscalko, Kathleen L Egan, Christina S Meade, Bridget Freisthler, April M Young, Angela Estadt, Kathryn E Lancaster","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01450-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01450-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young women who inject drugs (YWID) face heightened risks for HIV, hepatitis C, and overdose that are shaped by the relational contexts in which they inject. Injection partnerships, defined as dyadic relationships between people who inject together, remain understudied beyond male-female intimate pairs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with YWID (ages 18-35) in rural Appalachian Ohio to explore dynamics within three partnerships types: dual partnerships with male intimate partners, family partnerships, and friend partnerships, with attention to female peer partnerships as a distinct subset. Guided by the Theory of Gender and Power and Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital, we analysed how access to resources, technical skills, and emotional bonds shaped power and risk across these relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dual partnerships concentrated men's control over money, equipment, and injecting skills, limiting women's ability to negotiate safer practices and at times exposed them to violence. Family partnerships were pragmatic and offered little emotional or harm reduction support. Friend partnerships, particularly between female peers, redistributed injecting skills as care rather than control, fostering mutual protection but also normalizing distributive syringe sharing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight female peer partnerships as a promising but underutilized context for harm reduction interventions tailored to YWID in rural settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering water, sanitation, and hygiene as a valuable component of harm reduction.","authors":"Alhelí Calderón-Villarreal","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01446-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01446-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Harm reduction strategies effectively minimize the immediate health consequences of drug use, such as syringe exchange and overdose prevention. However, the critical role of access to adequate Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services in mitigating these consequences remains underemphasized. This paper argues for the consideration of WASH services as an essential framework within the ongoing evolution of harm reduction, particularly for marginalized people who use drugs (PWUD) facing housing insecurity and limited access to public infrastructure. Lack of access to WASH services forces PWUD into high-risk practices, such as open defecation and using unsafe water for drug preparation and wound cleaning. WASH insecurity among PWUD is strongly associated with elevated risks of skin and soft tissue infections -a leading cause of hospitalization-as well as other infectious diseases, and the exacerbation of chronic conditions (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis C). Beyond direct morbidity, WASH insecurity diminishes dignity, contributing to social exclusion, hygiene-related stigma, and increased vulnerability to gender-based and other structural violence. Drawing on current evidence, this perspective article underscores the necessity of systemic intervention. Harm reduction programs are increasingly called to incorporate WASH items and services, including mobile hygiene units operating under principles of \"radical hospitality,\" and advocate for broader policy solutions like 24/7 public restroom access and Housing First models with integrated WASH facilities. In sum I argue that integrating WASH is not merely a matter of basic amenity; it is a crucial, high-impact strategy for upholding the human rights of PWUD, substantially reducing preventable drug-related harms, and fostering greater social equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of polysubstance use among people who use drugs on an American Indian reservation of a southern plains Tribal Nation.","authors":"Kristin E Schneider, Sean T Allen, Allison O'Rourke, Molly Reid, Maisie Conrad, Brady Garrett, Dane Hautala, Kendra Lewis, Sierra Lewis, Lisa Wilson, Melissa Walls","doi":"10.1186/s12954-025-01303-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-025-01303-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polysubstance use is a key driver of overdose and infectious disease risk among people who use drugs (PWUD). Polysubstance use has not been well characterized in Indigenous American communities, which experience a disproportionate overdose burden.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize polysubstance use patterns among 192 PWUD on reservation lands of a southern Midwest tribe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a latent class analysis to identify profiles of polysubstance use in the past 6 months and assessed associations between latent classes, sociodemographic correlates, overdose, naloxone receipt, awareness of fentanyl test strips, and interest in using public health vending machines and syringe services programs (SSP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of participants was 41. 55% self-identified as Indigenous, 59% were men, 27% were currently homeless, and 65% had experienced hunger due to a lack of food in the past 6 months. We identified three past 6-month polysubstance use patterns: Low Drug Use (48%), Methamphetamine and Opioid Use (11%), and Methamphetamine Only Use (41%). Methamphetamine and Opioid Use class was more likely to have experienced an overdose, received naloxone, and be interested in using a SSP than other classes. The Methamphetamine Only Use class was more likely to be interested in using a SSP than the Low Drug Use class. Classes did not significantly differ in fentanyl test strip awareness or public health vending machine interest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Expanding access to and indigenizing harm reduction services in tribal communities, including public health vending machines and SSPs, is a necessary step forward in addressing substance use disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reciprocal influences between overdose experiences and naloxone access among people who use drugs utilizing a syringe services program: a cross-lagged panel model.","authors":"Marina Plesons, Tyler Bartholomew, Hansel Tookes, Daniel Feaster","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01444-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01444-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The opioid epidemic continues to be one of the most pressing public health crises in the United States, with more than 80,000 overdose deaths in 2024. Syringe services programs (SSPs) play a critical role in expanding access to naloxone, a lifesaving opioid antagonist medication. While community-based naloxone distribution has been shown to increase community capacity to respond to overdoses, less is known about how individuals' overdose experiences and naloxone access interact over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed administrative data from 136 people who use drugs who completed at least three quarterly follow-up assessments at an SSP in Miami, FL. Cross-lagged panel models were specified to examine the bidirectional, longitudinal associations between (1) recent overdose experiences and naloxone receipt during SSP visits, and (2) naloxone receipt during SSP visits and the likelihood of having naloxone available when needed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our analysis showed that recent overdose experiences were strongly predictive of receiving naloxone at subsequent SSP visits, and that receiving naloxone at the SSP was associated with a lower likelihood of reporting overdose experiences at future time points. We found no significant effect of receiving naloxone on later reports of having naloxone when needed, but we observed that participants who reported having naloxone when needed were more likely to receive naloxone at subsequent SSP visits.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the dynamic, reciprocal nature of overdose risk and naloxone engagement over time. They reinforce the critical role of SSPs as ongoing points of access and re-engagement to enhance and sustain overdose prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeroing in on xylazine - a mixed methods study to explore correlates of reported xylazine use and educational gaps among people who use drugs.","authors":"Katherine Hill, Rebecca Minahan-Rowley, Emma Biegacki, Robert Heimer, Kimberly L Sue","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01437-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01437-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Xylazine prevalence has surged in the unregulated fentanyl supply across the United States. In efforts to inform education initiatives for people who use drugs, this study aimed to identify factors associated with reported xylazine use and knowledge gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This Connecticut-based mixed methods study employed both surveys and interviews. Survey participants, recruited from collaborating harm reduction organizations, were adults who used unregulated substances in the last six months. They were asked about their drug use, knowledge of xylazine, service use experience, and demographic information. Purposive sampling of survey participants was then used to select individuals for in-depth interviews. Topic guides were designed to gain a deeper understanding of participants' xylazine awareness and future learning preferences. Quantitative data were dichotomized based on reported xylazine use and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, or t-tests. Simple and multiple logistic regression were used to find correlates of reported use of xylazine. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between August and November 2024, we surveyed 114 respondents. Nearly half reported lifetime xylazine use (49.1%) and almost three-quarters heard of xylazine prior to engaging in the study (71.9%). Multiple logistic regression revealed that unemployment (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.4-17.8), past-year fentanyl use (OR 41.1, 95% CI 4.8-354.4), and harm reduction service engagement (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.6-16.8) as predictors of reported xylazine use, after adjustments. We conducted n=31 interviews; thematic analysis identified four major themes: (1) information about xylazine was obtained from many sources, (2) knowledge about xylazine was gained from using xylazine, (3) some misconceptions about xylazine have developed, and (4) multiple mechanisms for xylazine education are desired.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the need for accessible xylazine education to address knowledge and confidence gaps among people who use drugs. Xylazine education should be tailored to one's likely xylazine exposure. Education must be harm-reduction oriented, stigma-free, and incorporate the voices of people who use drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacy-level barriers to opioid overdose prevention: availability and accessibility of naloxone and buprenorphine-naloxone in high-risk Texas counties.","authors":"Kyce G Darouiche, Moosa M Malik, Maegan T Mohr, Michelle A Hagenimana, Biai D E Digbeu, Kathryn A Cunningham, N Miles Farr, Carlos R Dostal","doi":"10.1186/s12954-026-01441-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12954-026-01441-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Texas has experienced a dramatic increase in unintentional opioid deaths over the past decade, underscoring the urgent need for effective prevention strategies. Access to naloxone nasal spray (NNS) and buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP/NX) is essential for reducing opioid-related fatalities. NNS, a µ-opioid receptor antagonist, rapidly reverses overdoses, while BUP/NX, a partial opioid agonist/antagonist, reduces cravings and withdrawal, decreasing opioid-related and all-cause mortality and improving treatment retention. Despite regulatory advances, barriers such as limited pharmacy stocking, restrictive policies, stigma, and prohibitive costs persist. The availability of NNS and BUP/NX in contiguous metropolitan Texas counties with high opioid-related overdose mortality rates remains underexamined. This study assesses the availability and accessibility of these medications in retail pharmacies across high-risk southeast Texas counties with some of the highest opioid overdose death rates in the state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between April 30, 2024 and June 6, 2024, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among community pharmacies in Brazoria, Galveston, Chambers, Jefferson, and Orange counties in Texas. Data were collected on medication stock, ordering timelines, and pricing. BUP/NX and NNS availability and accessibility across pharmacies were compared using Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 309 pharmacies surveyed (90% response rate), 198 were included in the analysis. Same-day availability of NNS was reported by 74% of pharmacies, although 54% imposed purchase restrictions. Chain pharmacies demonstrated the highest same-day availability (90%) and lowest prices (82%). BUP/NX was available same-day in only 38% of surveyed pharmacies, with the highest same-day availability rate in chains (44%) and lowest in \"other\" pharmacies (22%). Geographic disparities were noted, with Galveston and Brazoria counties showing greater access. Barriers to stocking BUP/NX included supply chain issues (n = 18), unclear reasons (n = 12), internal policies (n = 11), low demand (n = 9), controlled substance limits (n = 5), and stigma (n = 5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant gaps remain in the availability and accessibility of NNS and BUP/NX in southeast Texas community pharmacies. Persistent barriers including supply chain limitations, internal policies, and stigma continue to impede timely access to these lifesaving medications. Reducing opioid overdose deaths requires coordinated efforts among pharmacies, suppliers, and regulators to ensure equitable MOUD access in Texas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}