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Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering最新文献

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Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Cox's Bazar 科克斯巴扎尔的罗兴亚难民危机
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch008
M. Shoeb, Mithila Farzana Mumu
{"title":"Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Cox's Bazar","authors":"M. Shoeb, Mithila Farzana Mumu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"About one million Rohingya Muslim minority people fled from their home on 25 August 2017 due to the recent violence in the Rakhine State of Myanmar and entered Bangladesh, a neighboring country. Many of them were the vulnerable people with 58% refugees under 18 children, 67% female, and 9% infants below one year. This was a great humanitarian challenge for the Government of Bangladesh and the local community. The mass influx of refugees caused a major humanitarian emergency, and the majority were reliant on humanitarian assistance including shelter, food, healthcare, clean water, sanitation, education, nutrition, safety, and security. They were given accommodation, food, emergency aids, etc. upon arrival, and finally, 890,276 Rohingya refugees settled in 34 refugee camps in Cox's Bazar and Teknaf area. Many houses, schools, shops, hospitals, and other service centers were built day by day in the camp area. Children are getting vaccines for different diseases and are going to learning centers for education. Still, there are several challenges for better management.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116359450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Adaptation Efforts and Policy Guidelines for Bangladesh at Global Warming of 1.5°C, 2°C, and 4°C 孟加拉国在全球变暖1.5°C、2°C和4°C时的适应努力和政策指南
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch002
S. Bala, A. Islam, G. Islam, Motahar Hosen
{"title":"Adaptation Efforts and Policy Guidelines for Bangladesh at Global Warming of 1.5°C, 2°C, and 4°C","authors":"S. Bala, A. Islam, G. Islam, Motahar Hosen","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is going to be the worst-hit country from the climate change. The impacts of climate change at specific warming levels (SWLs) of 1.5°C, 2°C, and 4°C upon the natural and social systems of Bangladesh are assessed. Eleven regional climate models' findings show that the average Bangladesh summer temperature is likely to rise from 3.24°C to 5.77°C while the mean annual precipitation is likely to increase up to 25% by the end of the century. The yield trends of Bangladesh in terms of Boro and Aman rice are projected to gradually decrease from 2-15% at a specific warming level of 1.5°C, 5-20% at a specific warming level of 2°C, and 5-25% at a specific warming level of 4°C. A few adaptation options are proposed for different SWLs and sea-level rise. Managing climate for SWLs could be for ‘short term' up to 2020, ‘medium term' up to 2050, and ‘long term' up to 2080. The end goal is a sustainable, resilient, and transformed Bangladesh, where additional policy documents, strategies, and action plans to mainstream adaptation to combat climate change are necessary.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of Artificial Intelligence Towards Successful Ageing 人工智能在成功老龄化中的应用
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch010
S. Miloulis, I. Kakkos, Athanasios Anastasiou, G. Matsopoulos, D. Koutsouris
{"title":"Application of Artificial Intelligence Towards Successful Ageing","authors":"S. Miloulis, I. Kakkos, Athanasios Anastasiou, G. Matsopoulos, D. Koutsouris","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"Global population ageing is a pressing issue with significant humanitarian implications associated with compromised independence, social isolation, frailty, and diminished quality of life affecting millions of older individuals and their families worldwide as well as healthcare and social infrastructures. In this context, this chapter presents a personalized smart-living framework for promoting healthy and successful ageing, combining interdisciplinary knowledge and technologies including internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and affective computing (AC). The proposed intervention tackles the health-related, societal, and emotional impacts of ageing within a society with a rising mean global age aiming to mitigate the effects of decline and reduce the associated risks. The outlined architecture is based on sensor-derived information blended with non-sensor-based computerized modules and voice-based inputs for establishing a smart ecosystem that enables older people to live independently inside and outside their home, maintaining a high cognitive and physical status.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120997212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable Management of Humanitarian Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Interventions 人道主义供水、环境卫生和个人卫生(WASH)干预措施的可持续管理
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch003
Modupe Olufunmilayo Jimoh, S. O. Jacob-Oricha
{"title":"Sustainable Management of Humanitarian Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Interventions","authors":"Modupe Olufunmilayo Jimoh, S. O. Jacob-Oricha","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"WASH interventions have not always been successful, despite the significant efforts to improve coordination and delivery of quality interventions. Assessments have shown that sustainable management of interventions must transcend the immediate intervention period to allow continuous infrastructural service delivery, social and behavioural change, civil participation, improved governance, and more robust community and public sector systems. This chapter highlights the challenges of sustainable management, approaches, and lessons learned from the humanitarian response, especially in providing WASH facilities in conflict zones and fragile communities. It would also focus on a case study of conflict-affected Pulka Town, Gwoza Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134583384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Community-Based Waste Management Model in Optimizing Waste Reduction 优化减废的社区废物管理模式
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch006
C. Meidiana, Tonni Agustiono. Kurniawan, A. Yudono, S. Surjono
{"title":"Community-Based Waste Management Model in Optimizing Waste Reduction","authors":"C. Meidiana, Tonni Agustiono. Kurniawan, A. Yudono, S. Surjono","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of collect-transport-and-dump of waste in Indonesia has changed into reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) since it causes environmental consequences that the Government of Indonesia (GoI) has banned including the open dumping practices since 2013. GoI targets 30% waste reduction by 2030, and some policies are introduced to achieve the target including promoting waste bank. Waste bank is an implementation of 3R involving community. The number of waste banks are increasing since waste banks offer many benefits. Currently, there are 7600 waste banks nationwide. Through waste banks, the community learns to sort the waste. It also raises public awareness about waste issues and the importance of 3R. It becomes an innovation program at the grassroots level to increase income and support the local governments to improve the performance of waste management. In this chapter, some cases presenting waste bank implementation and their related aspects, such as waste bank performance, public acceptance, and participation, as well as determinants of public participation, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121876133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catching Learners Early in Humanitarian and Sustainable Principles Through Chemistry Education 通过化学教育让学习者尽早了解人道主义和可持续原则
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch012
R. Hanson, C. Hanson
{"title":"Catching Learners Early in Humanitarian and Sustainable Principles Through Chemistry Education","authors":"R. Hanson, C. Hanson","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this chapter is to describe a possible best practice to teaching chemistry from a humanitarian engineering perspective. The interest in teaching chemistry by focusing on humanitarian engineering arises from the economic and environmental concerns that the country of this study faces, some of which are poverty, climatic changes, food crisis, inadequate healthcare, water crisis, and pollution. As an educator, there is an interest in educating future generations to be able to cope with environmental changes that face their countries and the world at large. This exposition of a possible new approach with appropriate pedagogies that is presented here may be an answer that underdeveloped, developed, and emergent economies may adopt to close the gap between themselves and other industrialised nations.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129792347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Humanitarian Needs and Challenges Related to the Disabled Population 与残疾人有关的人道主义需求和挑战
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch013
A. Kadda, Y. Koumpouros, T. Psaltopoulou, T. Toulias
{"title":"Humanitarian Needs and Challenges Related to the Disabled Population","authors":"A. Kadda, Y. Koumpouros, T. Psaltopoulou, T. Toulias","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch013","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities raise important and special humanitarian approaches. There is a strong necessity for an epidemiological and sociological study of disabled population with regard to disease distribution and the patients' social profile based on the bio-psycho-social model of health and illness. Adverse economic data, low social cohesion, and consequently, social exclusion are often observed within the specific population. According to the quantitative research conducted, the population's nosological profile has serious effects on patients' everyday lives and is directly related to social parameters. Fundamental social factors and access to health services affect people with a degree of disability of over 67% health in terms of disease prevention and treatment. At the same time, social determinants seem to negatively affect their health and treatment. There is a clear need for an information technology system that will monitor and produce appropriate key performance indicators to help design appropriate policies for the specific population.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129411613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contact Tracing Apps in the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行中的接触者追踪应用程序
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch011
Natalia Baxevanou, Sotiria Triantafyllia Sotirhou, Konstantinos Limniotis
{"title":"Contact Tracing Apps in the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Natalia Baxevanou, Sotiria Triantafyllia Sotirhou, Konstantinos Limniotis","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"Contact tracing apps for the COVID-19 pandemic, from a personal data protection point of view, are discussed in this chapter. More precisely, having the relevant European legal framework as a basis, the authors investigate the underlying personal data processing that occurs from these apps in relation with the relevant privacy risks that are inherent in the smart mobile ecosystem. The analysis indicates that there exist several different approaches across the world, whereas even in countries with unified legal framework there exist some discrepancies in the design philosophy and the operation of these apps. Since user trust is essential for the effectiveness of such types of apps, they discuss the importance of respecting the fundamental right of privacy when developing and operating such applications. The ultimate goal is to illustrate the need to strike the proper balance between substantial public interests and the right to the protection of personal data.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lesson Learned From Public Participation in the Urban Infrastructure Projects for Engineering 公众参与城市基础设施工程的经验教训
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch007
P. T. Anh, Tien Thuy Nguyen, T. A. Nguyen, Dong Doan Van
{"title":"Lesson Learned From Public Participation in the Urban Infrastructure Projects for Engineering","authors":"P. T. Anh, Tien Thuy Nguyen, T. A. Nguyen, Dong Doan Van","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"Raising public awareness and participation of the local communities can have an important input for public involvement in the project design and implementation process, and it has become a major objective of sound development programs. This chapter focuses on (1) public participation in the design and adjust boundary of the underground station of the Metro line 2 in Ho Chi Minh City and (2) public awareness and participation in canal environmental protection. Research is mainly based on the results of community meetings on project information, communication to raise public awareness on environmental protection, and survey questionnaires. The study will add to several recent studies on the roles of public participation in infrastructure projects for sustainable development. There are three important lessons that stand out from the experiences using public consultants in infrastructure projects.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122270227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development-Oriented Approaches to Humanitarian Responses 面向发展的人道主义反应方法
Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch001
Yahya Gülseven
{"title":"Development-Oriented Approaches to Humanitarian Responses","authors":"Yahya Gülseven","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9190-1.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"As humanitarian crises have become increasingly protracted, strengthening the collaboration between development and humanitarian aid actors has been identified as a priority by the donor community, popularized in the concept of the humanitarian-development nexus (HDN). In recent years, aid practices based on the HDN approach have emerged increasingly in response to humanitarian crises. The remarkable thing about these aid practices is that donors try to address humanitarian crises by developing projects and programs aimed at equipping humanitarian victims with specific technical and vocational skills and integrating them into the labor market through value chains. Incorporating humanitarian crisis victims into labor markets according to the needs and demands of capital has recently been the main concern of the international donor community. This chapter aims to provide insights into the role and relevance of the development-oriented humanitarian responses in the attempts to incorporate humanitarian victims into the exploitative global capitalist relations at the global level.","PeriodicalId":129227,"journal":{"name":"Modern Challenges and Approaches to Humanitarian Engineering","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122422637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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