Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research最新文献

{"title":"Post-Marketing Surveillance Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Nalfurafine (Capsules 2.5 μg, Oral Dispersing Tablets 2.5 μg) in 1186 Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and Intractable Pruritus","authors":"H. Yoshitani, Junko Ito, H. Kozono","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S352775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S352775","url":null,"abstract":"Background Nalfurafine (Remitch®, Toray Industries, Inc.) is a selective κ-receptor agonist approved in Japan for the improvement of pruritus in patients with chronic liver diseases (only when existing treatments bring insufficient efficacy) in May 2015. Methods A post-marketing Specific Drug Use Survey was conducted in Japan (March 1, 2016 to June 30, 2020) of the safety and efficacy of nalfurafine for the improvement of pruritus in patients with chronic liver disease. Results Among 1186 cases analyzed for safety, the incidence of adverse drug reactions was 9.4% (112/1186 cases), lower than 61.4% reported in pre-marketing surveillance (297/484 cases). No specific safety issues were found and no cases of concern for drug dependence identified. Efficacy (itch improvement) was demonstrated in 73.16% (815/1114 cases; 12-week analysis set) and in 85.67% (520/607; general assessment of itch improvement at 1-year analysis set). A significant difference was found in 4 items of itch improvement at 12 weeks and 8 items of itch improvement at 1 year. No noteworthy issues were identified. Mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) values after 12 weeks and 1 year after the first dose were significantly lower than the baseline (p < 0.0001 for both treatment durations). Mean severity scores (Kawashima’s classification scheme) were significantly lower than the pretreatment score at 12 weeks and 1 year after the first dose (both p < 0.0001). No concerns were identified in the efficacy and safety of nalfurafine in patients with specific background, ie, the elderly (aged ≥ 65 years), those with renal impairment, and those on long-term treatment (≥ 365 days) compared with patients without corresponding background. Conclusion No new safety issues of concern or cases of insufficient efficacy were identified in this Specific Drug Use Survey of the safety and efficacy of nalfurafine for the improvement of pruritus in patients with chronic liver diseases.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"37 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42328252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of HIV and Its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B/C Virus Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Ethiopia","authors":"Yayehyirad Tassachew, T. Abebe, Yeshambel Belyhun, Tezazu Teffera, A. Shewaye, H. Desalegn, H. Andualem, Abiy Kinfu, A. Mulu, A. Mihret, R. Howe, A. Aseffa","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S365443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S365443","url":null,"abstract":"Background The efficient use of antiretroviral drugs has significantly reduced AIDS-related morbidities and mortalities; however, mortality due to non-AIDS-related end-stage liver diseases is escalating in those living with HIV. Objective The study was designed to determine the prevalence of HIV and its co-infection with HBV and HCV among chronic liver disease (CLD) patients in Ethiopia. Methods Three hundred and forty-five CLD patients were included in this study in two groups: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=128) and non-HCC (n=217) patients. The non-HCC group comprised patients with advanced liver disease (n=98) and chronic hepatitis (n=119). Enzyme immunoassays were used to determine HBV and HCV infection markers. In addition, a serial rapid HIV testing algorithm was employed to screen HIV infection. Results Regardless of the stage of liver disease, the overall frequency of HIV was 4.3% (15/345), with a 2% (7/345) and 0.3% (1/345) of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infection rate. Of all HIV-infected patients (n=15), 46.7% (7/15) and 6.7% (1/15) were co-infected with HBV (HBsAg+HBcAb+) and HCV (anti-HCV+ HCV-RNA+), respectively, and 86.7% (13/15) exhibited a marker of HBV exposure (total HBcAb+). Overall, the frequency of HIV and its co-infection with HBV was more noticeable among HCC than non-HCC patients [8.6% (11/128) vs 1.8 (4/217), p=0.005 and 3.9% (5/128) vs 0.9% (2/217), p=0.1]. The rate of HIV mono-infection was 3.9% (5/128) vs 0.9% (2/217) among HCC and non-HCC patients. Conclusion The frequency of HIV and its co-infections with HBV/HCV exhibited an increasing pattern with the severity of the liver disease. Thus, screening all HIV-positive patients for HBV and HCV infection and all CLD patients for HIV infection and taking necessary preventive measures would be an essential strategy to prevent the progression of CLD and death related to liver disease in people living with HIV.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"67 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43958268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Splenectomy Combined with Endoscopic Variceal Ligation (EVL) versus EVL Alone for Secondary Prophylaxis of Variceal Bleeding in Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis: A Retrospective Case–Control Study","authors":"J. Rakotomalala, C. Razafindrazoto, N. H. Randriamifidy, B. Ralaizanaka, Sonny Maherison, D. H. Hasina Laingonirina, Mialitiana Rakotomaharo, A. Rasolonjatovo, Mamisoa Anicet Rakotovao, A. Rakotozafindrabe, T. Rabenjanahary, Rija Fanantenantsoa, S. Razafimahefa, R. Ramanampamonjy","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S367849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S367849","url":null,"abstract":"Background Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) is one of the most common causes of portal hypertension in developing countries. Variceal bleeding is the most common cause of mortality during HSS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of splenectomy associated with endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) compared with EVL alone in preventing variceal bleeding in patients with HSS. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective, case–control study. Between January 2015 and December 2019, a total of 59 patients with HSS who had at least one variceal bleeding episode and received EVL with or without splenectomy were identified and stratified. In this case–control design, 22 patients had splenectomy + EVL (case group) and 37 patients had EVL alone (control group). The main endpoints were the rate of variceal rebleeding and the mortality rate between the two groups. Results The mean age of our patients was 39.92 ± 13.4 (19–75) years with a sex ratio of 1.8. The recurrence rate of variceal bleeding was significantly lower in the case group (splenectomy + EVL) than in the control group (EVL alone) (4.45% vs 27.2%, p = 0.041). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mortality (4.54 vs 2.7%, p = 1.00). Conclusion Splenectomy combined with EVL was effective than EVL alone in preventing variceal rebleeding in patients with HSS.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"79 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47936579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Considerations in the Management of HIV and Viral Hepatitis Coinfections in Liver Transplantation","authors":"Josiah D. McCain, D. Chascsa","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S282662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S282662","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Modern therapies for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus have become so effective that patients treated for these conditions can have normal life-expectancies. Suitable livers for transplantation remain a scarce and valuable resource. As such, significant efforts have been made to expand donation criteria at many centers. This constant pressure, coupled with the increasing effectiveness of antiviral therapies, has meant that more and more patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be considered appropriate donors in the right circumstances. Patients with these infections are also more likely to be considered appropriate transplantation recipients than in the past. The treatment of HBV, HCV, and HIV after liver transplantation (LT) can be challenging and complicated by viral coinfections. The various pharmaceutical agents used to treat these infections, as well as the immunosuppressants used post-LT must be carefully balanced for maximum efficacy, and to avoid resistance and drug–drug interactions.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"27 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48507492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Hepatitis - The Road Traveled and the Journey Remaining","authors":"Fareed Ghulam, Noval Zakaria, Muhammad Tariq Majeed, Faisal Ismail","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S352568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S352568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver and is commonly due to infection with The hepatotropic viruses – hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis carries one of the highest disease burdens globally and has caused significant morbidity and mortality among different patient populations. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic or acute flu-like illness to acute liver failure or chronic liver disease, characterized by jaundice, hepatomegaly and ascites among many other signs. Eventually, this can lead to fibrosis (cirrhosis) of the liver parenchyma and carries a risk of development into hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B and C are most notorious for causing liver cirrhosis; in 2019, an estimated 296 million people worldwide had chronic hepatitis B infection and 58 million are currently estimated to have chronic hepatitis C, with 1.5 million new infections of both hepatitis B and C, occurring annually. With the help of latest serological biomarkers and viral nucleic acid amplification tests, it has become rather simple to efficiently screen, diagnose and monitor patients with hepatitis, and to commence with appropriate antiviral treatment. More importantly, the development of vaccinations against some of these viruses has greatly helped to curb the infection rates. Whilst there has been exceptional progress over the years in the management of viral hepatitis, many hurdles still remain which must be addressed in order to proceed towards a hepatitis-free world. This review will shed light on the origin and discovery of the hepatitis viruses, the global epidemiology and clinical symptoms, diagnostic modalities, currently available treatment options, the importance of prevention, and the journey needed to move forward towards the eradication of its global disease burden.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"13 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49055681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Hydromethanolic Seed Extract of Lepidium sativum L. (Fetto) on Deep-fried Palm Oil Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Male Swiss Albino Mice","authors":"Ebsa Tofik Ahmed, Belay Zawdie, S. P. Nair, Mengistu Welde, Tigist Mateos Husen","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S350703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S350703","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent disease due to a dramatic change in dietary habits, especially an increase in consumption of fat and carbohydrates in deep-fried foods. Objective The objective was to evaluate the effect of hydromethanolic seed extract of Lepidium sativum on deep-fried palm oil diet induced NAFLDon male mice. Methods An experimental study design was conducted. Twenty-four male mice aged 8 to 10 weeks, weighing 32–42 g were divided into four groups. The four groups were divided into two controls and two treatments. Mice in normal control (C0) were administered only with the basal diet whereas negative control (C1) provided only with the deep-fried palm oil diet. The treatment groups T1, and T2 were administered with deep-fried palm oil diet and HMSELS at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively for 28 days. Then on day 29, the mice were fasted overnight, anaesthetized and sacrificed by cervical dislocation after blood was taken by cardiac puncture for liver function tests while liver tissues were taken for histopathology investigation. Results The serum ALT and total bilirubin showed significant decrement whereas the serum albumin levels showed significant increment in T2 group. However, serum AST and ALP levels were decreased significantly in both T1 and T2 groups. Besides, the T2 group liver sections of mice were showed better effect of HMSELS on restoring the damaged liver histopathology almost toward normal. Conclusion The HMSELS at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day (T2) was more effective on the liver function tests and liver histopathology that altered by feeding deep-fried palm oil diet. The good protective effect of HMSELS against deep-fried palm oil diet-induced NAFLD might be due to its antioxidant content.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44014960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: A Short Comment [Response To Letter].","authors":"Adam Barsouk,&nbsp;Krishna Chaitanya Thandra,&nbsp;Kalyan Saginala,&nbsp;Prashanth Rawla","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S352746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S352746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"145-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/39/hmer-13-145.PMC8722566.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39800006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: The Prognostic Values of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio at Baseline in Predicting the In-Hospital Mortality in Black African Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Palliative Treatment: A Comparative Cohort Study [Erratum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S354098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S354098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S333980.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"135-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/80/hmer-13-135.PMC8703045.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39785364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Values of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio at Baseline in Predicting the In-hospital Mortality in Black African Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Palliative Treatment: A Comparative Cohort Study.","authors":"Alassan Kouame Mahassadi,&nbsp;Henriette Anzouan-Kacou Kissi,&nbsp;Alain Koffi Attia","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S333980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S333980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic values of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting the in-hospital mortality of Black African patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in palliative treatment is unknown.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the prognostic value of NLR and PLR compared with that of Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP), model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores and the Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging system (BCLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cutoffs, accuracies and association with the mortality of these prognostic scores were determined using a time-dependent area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), the log rank test and Cox proportional hazards ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 104 patients with advanced HCC (median age=49.5 years, males=58.7%) were enrolled. All were hospitalized for an enlarged liver mass of at least 15.4 cm in size in the right thoracic quadrant. Overall, 46 (44.2%) patients died in hospital during follow-up. Patients with NLR >2.5 (log rank test=7.11, <i>p</i>=0.01) or PLR >92 (log rank test=5.63, <i>p</i>=0.02) had poor survival. Factors associated with the in-hospital mortality were the MELD score (<i>p</i>=0.01), NLR (<i>p</i>=0.03) and hemoglobin level (<i>p</i>=0.02). NLR exhibits better and stable accuracy in predicting the in hospital mortality at time points of 30 (AUC=0.618), 60 (AUC=0.680) and 90 (AUC=0.613) days of follow-up, compared with CTP, MELD scores, BCLC and PLR. However, PLR displayed an enhanced accuracy over 90 days of follow up (AUC=0.688).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NLR is useful in predicting the in-hospital mortality in Black African patients with advanced stage HCC in clinical practice. NLR and PLR may be used concomitantly for long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/00/hmer-13-123.PMC8686837.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39836905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: A Short Comment [Letter].","authors":"Laraib Ghanghro","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S350076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S350076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"121-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/7c/hmer-13-121.PMC8665772.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39815440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}