Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research最新文献

{"title":"Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases.","authors":"Yeni Ait Ahmed,&nbsp;Fouad Lafdil,&nbsp;Frank Tacke","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S326468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S326468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and is a leading etiology of liver cirrhosis. Alcohol-related liver injuries include a range of manifestations including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver disease occurs from several pathological disturbances such as the metabolism of ethanol, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes, alterations in the gut microbiota, and the immune response to these changes. A common hallmark of these liver affections is the establishment of an inflammatory environment, and some (broad) anti-inflammatory approaches are used to treat AH (eg, corticosteroids). Macrophages, which represent the main innate immune cells in the liver, respond to a wide variety of (pathogenic) stimuli and adopt a large spectrum of phenotypes. This translates to a diversity of functions including pathogen and debris clearance, recruitment of other immune cells, activation of fibroblasts, or tissue repair. Thus, macrophage populations play a crucial role in the course of ALD, but the underlying mechanisms driving macrophage polarization and their functionality in ALD are complex. In this review, we explore the various populations of hepatic macrophages in alcohol-associated liver disease and the underlying mechanisms driving their polarization. Additionally, we summarize the crosstalk between hepatic macrophages and other hepatic cell types in ALD, in order to support the exploration of targeted therapeutics by modulating macrophage polarization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"113-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/47/hmer-15-113.PMC10519224.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal Plants Used for the Management of Hepatitis Over the Past 15 Years in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Yibeltal Aschale,&nbsp;Bantayehu Addis Tegegne,&nbsp;Wubetu Yihunie","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S402975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S402975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment of human and animal ailments using botanical sources has obtained significant attention in Ethiopia. The compounds available in plants comprise a plentiful source of bioactive ingredients able to treat many complications. The review aimed to present an updated list of plants used for managing hepatitis over the past 15 years in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic, comprehensive search was undertaken from electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus) between September 01 and October 15, 2022, using standard search terms. Original researches carried out in Ethiopia, written and published in English between January 01/2007 and December 31/2021, and reported hepatitis as a disease treated by medicinal plants were included in the review. Plants beyond the list of Ethiopian and Eritrean floral were excluded. Data were extracted from texts and tables of original papers on a Microsoft Excel. Quality was assessed by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 317 papers were obtained from the database search. After removing duplicates and screening, 15 articles fit the inclusion criteria and selected for final review. Of the 24 plants identified, 35.7% were herbs. Leaf and root (35.7% each) were the predominant plant parts used for remedy preparation. Combined use of leaf and root comprised 10.7%. The families Apocynaceae, <i>Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae</i>, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae comprise the highest number of plant species. About 89.3% of remedies were administered orally.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of plants belong to herbs and the frequently used plant parts are leaf and roots. Evidence generated from the present review indicated that lots of plants have been used to manage hepatitis. Moreover, the findings could serve as preliminary information to formulate new drugs acting against hepatitis. Therefore, it is desirable for scholars to recognize, document, and keep plants and the associated knowledge appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/48/hmer-15-11.PMC10010132.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9179993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis After SARS-CoV2: ICU Ketamine Use or Virus-Specific Biliary Tropism and Injury in the Context of Biliary Ischemia in Critically Ill Patients?","authors":"Alessandra Bartoli,&nbsp;Carmela Cursaro,&nbsp;Hajrie Seferi,&nbsp;Pietro Andreone","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S384220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S384220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>From the beginning of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic, different cases of a cholangiopathy with features of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP) have been reported. Patients developing it are generally recovering from severe Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation. Many of them have been administered with ketamine during their ICU stay. The pathogenesis of this novel disease is still debated, and, since prognosis is poor, efforts are needed in order to better understand it.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this review, we focused our attention on COVID-19 SSC clinical, imaging, and histology findings in order to clarify the different pathogenetic options, particularly in regard of the ischemic-direct viral damage and ketamine-related theories, beginning with a recapitulation of SSC-CIP and ketamine-induced cholangiopathy in abusers. The research has been conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key-words were \"Secondary Sclerosing Cholangiopathy\", \"SSC-CIP\", \"Secondary Sclerosing Cholangiopathy in critically ill patients\", \"Ketamine and cholangiopathy\", \"Ketamine abusers and liver disease\", \"Ketamine-related cholangiopathy\", \"SARS-CoV2 infection and liver disease\", \"post Covid-19 secondary sclerosing cholangitis\", \"Covid-19 cholangiopathy\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Many authors, based on the clinical, histological, imaging, and prognostic features of the disease, have pointed out the similarities between post COVID-19 SSC and SSC-CIP; however, peculiar features in the former were not previously observed. Therefore, a direct viral cytopathic action and SARS-CoV2-related coagulopathy are considered the most likely causes. On the other hand, ketamine, with the available data, cannot be surely linked as the main determinant cause of cholangiopathy. Moreover, ketamine-induced cholangitis (KIC) presentation is different from post COVID-19 SSC. Its role as a cofactor precipitating the disease cannot be ruled out.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post COVID-19 SSC is a rare clinical entity following severe COVID-19 disease. The most accepted theory is that a sum of different insults determines the disease: biliary ischemia, direct viral damage, toxic bile, possibly worsened by ketamine and hyperinflammation due to the cytokine storm. Given the severe prognosis of the disease, with persistent cholangiopathy, organ failure, and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), further study on this novel clinical entity is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"93-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/9f/hmer-15-93.PMC10404108.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9955815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombocytopenia (TCP), MELD Score, and Fibrosis Index (FI) Among Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) in Ma'abar City, Dhamar Governorate, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mohammed Haidar Hazaa Al-Dholae,&nbsp;Mohammed Kassim Salah,&nbsp;Omar Yahya Al-Ashmali,&nbsp;Abdul Salam Mohamed Al Mokdad,&nbsp;Mohammed Ali Al-Madwami","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S392011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S392011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study sought to assess the prevalence of thrombocytopenia (TCP), underlying aetiologies of chronic liver disease, and the grading and prognostic systems for chronic liver disease (CLD) using non-invasive biomarkers: the Fibrosis index and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Na (MELD-Na) Score, respectively.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This was a 15-month multi-centric cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). The study was conducted using Sept 2019 to Nov 2020 admission records of CLD patients from Ma'abar City in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63 (60%) and 42 (40%) patients were identified as thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic, respectively. The means ± SD of the MELD score and FI were 19 ± 7.302 and 4.1 ± 1.06. TCP prevalence among leukopenic and non-leukopenic patients was 89.5% and 53.5%, respectively (P = 0.004). Likewise, the prevalence of traditional-ultrasonography-diagnosed cirrhotic patients needing liver transplantation (LT) was 82.3% versus 61.3% among corresponding non-cirrhotic patients (P = 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of TCP among the participants of this study was similar to the global rate. However, the prevalence of decompensation was much higher among CLD patients than that found elsewhere, highlighting a need to improve methods for the early diagnosis of CLD in Yemen. This study also identified problems with the diagnostic work-up for non-infectious aetiologies of CLD. The findings suggest the need to improve clinician awareness about effective diagnostic strategies for these aetiologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/a5/hmer-15-43.PMC10153436.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9767269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Accuracy of Ultrasound Controlled Attenuation Parameter in Diagnosing Hepatic Fat Content.","authors":"Sebastiana Atzori,&nbsp;Yasmin Pasha,&nbsp;James B Maurice,&nbsp;Simon D Taylor-Robinson,&nbsp;Louise Campbell,&nbsp;Adrian K P Lim","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S411619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S411619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP score) is based on ultrasonic properties of retropropagated radiofrequency signals acquired by Fibroscan^TM (Echosens, Paris, France). Since ultrasound propagation is influenced by the presence of fat, CAP score was developed to quantify steatosis. The aim of this study was to delineate the accuracy of CAP in diagnosing hepatic steatosis, compared to the gold standard of liver biopsy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 150 patients underwent same-day liver biopsy and measurement of hepatic steatosis with Fibroscan. Only examinations with 10 satisfactory measurements, and an inter-quartile range of less than 30% of the median liver stiffness values were included for data analysis. Histological staging was then correlated with median values and Spearman correlation calculated. P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For diagnosis of hepatic steatosis (HS), CAP could predict the steatosis S2 with AUROC 0.815 (95% CI 0.741-0.889), sensitivity (0.81) and specificity (0.73) when the optimal cut-off value was set at 288 dB/m. CAP detected histological grade S3 with AUROC 0.735 (95% CI 0.618-0.851), sensitivity (0.71) and specificity (0.74), with a cut-off value of 330 dB/m. The AUROC for steatosis grade S1 was 0.741 (95% CI 0.650-0.824), with a cut-off value of 263 dB/m with sensitivity 0.75 and specificity 0.70. Univariate analysis showed a correlation between CAP and diabetes (p 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The performance of CAP to diagnose steatosis severity decreases as steatosis progresses. CAP is associated with diabetes but not other clinical factors and parameters of the metabolic syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10263157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9648134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of the Liver: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management.","authors":"Jeffrey A Hutchens,&nbsp;Kevin J Lopez,&nbsp;Eugene P Ceppa","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S284842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S284842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are rare tumors of the liver, occasionally seen in the biliary tree. Epidemiologic data are limited by their indolence and recent changes to diagnostic criteria. They are considered premalignant lesions capable of invasive behavior. While their etiology remains unknown, their female predominance, age of onset, and hormonally responsive ovarian-type stroma suggest ectopic organogenesis during embryologic development. MCNs can typically be recognized on imaging; yet, invasiveness is often indeterminate, and percutaneous tissue biopsy has shown limited value. Therefore, complete excision is recommended for all lesions as focal malignant transformation and metastatic disease has been reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/98/b0/hmer-15-33.PMC10066895.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9258282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with in-Hospital Mortality in Malagasy Patients with Acute Decompensation of Liver Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Cohort.","authors":"Chantelli Iamblaudiot Razafindrazoto,&nbsp;Nitah Harivony Randriamifidy,&nbsp;Behoavy Mahafaly Ralaizanaka,&nbsp;Jean Tsitamita Andrianoelison,&nbsp;Haga Tsilavo Ravelomanantsoa,&nbsp;Mialitiana Rakotomaharo,&nbsp;Domoina Harivonjy Hasina Laingonirina,&nbsp;Sonny Maherison,&nbsp;Jolivet Auguste Rakotomalala,&nbsp;Anjaramalala Sitraka Rasolonjatovo,&nbsp;Andry Lalaina Rinà Rakotozafindrabe,&nbsp;Tovo Harimanana Rabenjanahary,&nbsp;Soloniaina Hélio Razafimahefa,&nbsp;Rado Manitrala Ramanampamonjy","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S401628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S401628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cirrhosis is a pathology responsible for a significant hospital morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with hospital mortality in a sample of Malagasy cirrhotics.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study from January 2018 to August 2020 conducted in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Unity, University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and eight patients were included. The mean age was 51.13±13.50 years with a sex ratio of 2.37. The etiology of cirrhosis was dominated by alcohol (44.44%), hepatitis B virus (24.07%) and hepatitis C virus (13.89%). Twenty-eight patients (25.93%) had died. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were hepatic encephalopathy (OR: 14.16; 95% CI: 5.08-39.4; p: 0.000), renal failure (OR: 8.55; 95% CI: 2.03-39.9; p: 0.0034), gastrointestinal bleeding (OR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.32-7.92; p: 0.0099), hyponatraemia <130mmol/L (OR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.04-10.6; p=0.046), Child-Pugh C classification (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.12-0.21; p: 0.000), and MELD-Na score >32 (OR: 27.5; 95% CI: 4.32-174.8; p: 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The in-hospital mortality rate during acute decompensation of cirrhosis remains high in Madagascar. Hepatic encephalopathy, renal failure, GI bleeding and hyponatraemia are the main clinico-biological factors affecting in-hospital mortality. Early intervention on these modifiable factors is an important step to improve hospital outcomes. The natraemia, MELD score and MELD-Na score should be used in routine practice in Madagascar to identify patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis at high risk of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/85/hmer-15-21.PMC10019520.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9153504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Promising Emerging Innovative Therapies and Their Impact on GLOBE Scores.","authors":"Aalam Sohal,&nbsp;Kris V Kowdley","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S361077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S361077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously referred to as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disorder leading to the destruction of intra-hepatic bile ducts. If untreated, progressive bile duct damage and cholestasis can lead to ductopenia and result in cirrhosis. Ursodiol, the first drug approved for PBC, has changed the natural history of this disease and improved patient outcomes. Subsequently, several new prediction models incorporating a response to ursodiol were developed. These include the GLOBE score, which was shown to predict long-term outcomes in patients with PBC. In 2016, obeticholic acid (OCA) became the second drug to be approved by the FDA, predominantly based on improvement in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. This trial has subsequently influenced the design of clinical trials. Several drugs are currently being evaluated as therapeutic options for PBC, with improvement in ALP being a main endpoint. In this review, we will discuss the impact of new therapies on GLOBE scores in patients with PBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"63-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/b7/hmer-15-63.PMC10259525.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in North Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Desalegn Weldebrhan,&nbsp;Hailemariam Berhe,&nbsp;Yohannes Tesfay","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S407069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S407069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is an important clinical and public health problem that contributes to liver-related public health morbidity and mortality. Although childhood vaccination was introduced in 1980, hospital admissions, morbidity and mortality rates from HBV infection increased in Ethiopia. Risk factors for HBV infection and associated complications generally vary from case to case. No epidemiological studies have identified the risk factors for HBV infection in northern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify risk factors for HBV infection in specialist and teaching hospitals in Ayder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From March 2019 to May 2019, an unmatched hospital-based case-control study has been carried out on a total of 213 patients [71 cases and 142 controls] in northern Ethiopia. Cases were selected sequentially and two consecutive controls were selected for each case by a simple random method. The data were collected using pretested questionnaires structured by the interviewer as part of a face-to-face interview. Data were entered in Epi Data version 3.1, exported and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. Statistical significance was given as P <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with familial exposure to hepatitis (AOR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5-9.01), prior traditional medical procedure (AOR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.08-3.4), any history of dental procedures (AOR 3.8, 95% CI: 1.8-9.01) were associated risk factors to hepatitis B virus infection, and awareness of sexually transmitted hepatitis B virus infection (AOR 0.084, 95% CI: 0.01-0.6) is less likely to be infected with hepatitis B virus infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study (findings) demonstrated that contact with a case of hepatitis in the family, history of dentist visits, prior traditional medical procedure, and lack of awareness of its transmission through sexual contact have been identified as independent risk factors for the development of hepatitis B virus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"79-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/72/hmer-15-79.PMC10363344.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9872795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury.","authors":"Daniel T Gildea,&nbsp;Stephanie M Woo,&nbsp;Corinne E O'Connor,&nbsp;Amol S Rangnekar","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S384108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S384108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review analyzes data regarding liver injury associated with COVID-19 infection. We discuss reported effects on the liver from both COVID-19 and COVID-19 treatment as well as pathophysiology, review the potential role of drug-induced liver injury as an etiology of COVID-19-associated liver injury, and touch on other reports of significant outcomes including COVID-19 cholangiopathy and autoimmune hepatitis. Finally, we review the implications of COVID-19 infection in liver transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/3c/hmer-15-1.PMC9960793.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10802534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}