Journal of African Development Studies最新文献_第2页

The Effect of Tourism on Current Account Balance in Ethiopia 旅游业对埃塞俄比亚经常项目平衡的影响

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v8i2.3257

Kidanemariam Gidey

{"title":"The Effect of Tourism on Current Account Balance in Ethiopia","authors":"Kidanemariam Gidey","doi":"10.56302/jads.v8i2.3257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v8i2.3257","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is one of the countries that experience a persistent current account deficit, despite it has recently realized a steady double-digit economic growth. International tourism can serve as an alternative means to minimize current account deficit through generating foreign currency to the economy. Therefore, this paper investigated the effect of tourism on current account balance in Ethiopia. Besides, causality between tourism and current account balance is tested. Further, this study has tried to identify the main challenges of tourism development sector in Ethiopia. ARDL methods of co-integration and Granger causality test was used to explore the relationship and causality between the variables, respectively. The result from the econometric analysis confirmed that tourism industry positively and significantly affects current account balance, implying it is an alternative means to minimize current account deficit through generating foreign currency to the economy. The pair-wise Granger-causality test also confirmed the existence of unidirectional causality that runs from tourism receipt to current account balance. However, the trend analysis and qualitative analysis clearly showed that the tourism sector has been challenged by many factors. Lack of infrastructures development, poor and inadequate tourist facility (quality and adequacy); lack of qualified manpower; lack of peace and security; lack of stakeholder’s collaboration; inadequate promotional or marketing works and lack of awareness and low participation of the community are among the major challenges mentioned by the respondents. Hence, coordinated and integrated public intervention aimed at further developing tourism sector and curbing the existing bottlenecks in the sector is necessary to fully utilize the constructive role of tourism industry in minimizing the persistent current account deficit in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129537162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Economic Effects of COVID-19 on Micro and Small Enterprises in Addis Ababa Surrounding Towns of Oromia National Regional State 2019冠状病毒病对亚的斯亚贝巴奥罗米亚民族区域州周边城镇微型和小型企业的经济影响

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v8i2.3262

Meshesha Zewde, Desalegn Shamemo

{"title":"Economic Effects of COVID-19 on Micro and Small Enterprises in Addis Ababa Surrounding Towns of Oromia National Regional State","authors":"Meshesha Zewde, Desalegn Shamemo","doi":"10.56302/jads.v8i2.3262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v8i2.3262","url":null,"abstract":"Micro and small businesses contribute a lot to Ethiopia's transition from an agrarian to an industrial economy. But now, the sector’s economic operations are affected by CVID-19. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the economic effect of the COVID-19 on micro and small enterprises in Addis Ababa surrounding towns of Oromia National Regional State. To achieve this objective, quantitative data were collected from 436 MSE’s by questionnaire that represents the situation of the enterprises before and after the outbreak of the pandemic in December 2020. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics method. The findings of the study showed that at the beginning of March 2020, before the outbreak of the pandemic, an enterprise had on average 3.8 workers whereas, after the occurrence of the pandemic, an enterprise had, on average, 2.9 workers. This implies that due to COVID-19, enterprises decrease their workers on average by 0.83 and the mean difference of workers before and after the pandemic was statistically significant at less than 1% probability level. Furthermore, 32.3% of respondents reduced their workers because of the pandemic, 60.55% and 31.02% of enterprises stopped working temporarily and partially (half a day) respectively. On the other hand, the enterprise's annual income for the year 2019 on average was 170,174.4 birr whereas it was birr 127,433.8 for the year 2020 during the pandemic and the mean difference was 42,740.6 birr which is statistically significant at less than 1% probability level. The main challenges enterprises faced during the pandemic were a fall in demand, decline of orders from customers, and lack of operating finance. Based on the findings of the study, training on a business recovery plan development and new line production, an extended debt repayment period, and provision of short-term credit are suggested to make enterprises recover faster from the adverse effect of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116913357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunities Available and Challenges Faced by Students with Disabilities in Public Universities in Addis Ababa 亚的斯亚贝巴公立大学残疾学生面临的机遇和挑战

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v8i2.3263

Abay Akemachew, Kidanemariam Gidey

{"title":"Opportunities Available and Challenges Faced by Students with Disabilities in Public Universities in Addis Ababa","authors":"Abay Akemachew, Kidanemariam Gidey","doi":"10.56302/jads.v8i2.3263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v8i2.3263","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at assessing opportunities available and challenges faced by students with disabilities (SWDs) in public universities in Addis Ababa. To address the objectives of the study, mixed research approach combining both quantitative and qualitative techniques was used. The data was collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interview, focus group discussions (FGDs) and observation. The quantitative data were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistical techniques while the qualitative data was analysed by using the thematic analysis technique. The findings of this study have indicated that availability of reasonable accommodation services, recognition for best scorers, training & induction programs, establishment of special computer centres, provision of educational materials and assistive devices are the opportunities that SWDs have in each respective university. Conversely, inaccessible infrastructures, absence and/or competency problem of sign language interpreters, weak disability affairs offices, unavailability of effective guidance and counselling service, lack of different entertainment means, difficulty of getting personal assistants and different means of communication on academic/non-academic matters are identified as hindrances to their success. The finding of the study also reveals that most lecturers have negative attitudes toward SWDs. The regression result confirms that accessibility of infrastructures, high school GPA, monthly expenditure of students, occupation of parents, disability type and mother’s education are significantly affecting the academic performance of students with disabilities. Therefore, the public universities & other stakeholders should prepare manual and guidelines that show step-by-step processes that need to be taken to address issues of SWDs. Awareness creation schemes need to be carried out to change the negative attitudes and mainstream the issues of SWDs in all endeavours of the respective universities. ","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131241185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inclusiveness of Wage Employment and Determinants of Wage Incomes in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚工资就业的包容性和工资收入的决定因素

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v8i2.3260

Maru Shete, Annelies Zoomers

{"title":"Inclusiveness of Wage Employment and Determinants of Wage Incomes in Ethiopia","authors":"Maru Shete, Annelies Zoomers","doi":"10.56302/jads.v8i2.3260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v8i2.3260","url":null,"abstract":"Unemployment is one of the critical problems of developing countries, including Ethiopia. Agriculture is not only the mainstay of the economy of Ethiopia, but it is also a major contributor of employment opportunities for its citizens. The government of Ethiopia promotes commercialization of the agricultural sector through large-scale farming investment by the private sector. The article examined inclusiveness of large-scale farming and factors that determine wage incomes earned by plantation workers in Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were generated from households, and large-scale farming companies. Data were subjected to a modified Mincer's earnings function to see which group of the society benefited from wage employment. Inclusiveness in plantation agriculture in the form of wage employment was very limited to the local indigenous population in Gambella and Benshangul Gumuz regional states due to lack of prior farming experiences of the workers. Men and those with technical trainings received better incomes from wage employment. Regional variation in wage rates was observed among Oromia, Gambela and Benshangul Gumuz regional states due to harsh working environment and low availability of workforce. Inclusion of the local people in wage employment should receive attention by owners and the government, which will otherwise affect smooth and sustainable operation of the farms. Further, it calls for an intervention to enhance the technical skills of workers and improve women’s participation and earnings in plantation agriculture.\u0000Keywords: Plantation agriculture; wage employment; large-scale farms; inclusiveness; Mincer earning regression; Ethiopia","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115105775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community participation in cobblestone road provision 社区参与提供鹅卵石道路

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v6i2.3119

Ayalsew Kindihun, Samson Kassahun

{"title":"Community participation in cobblestone road provision","authors":"Ayalsew Kindihun, Samson Kassahun","doi":"10.56302/jads.v6i2.3119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v6i2.3119","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at analyzing the effect of social capital on the level of community participation in cobblestone road provision. The study employed a quantitative approach. Samples were selected by using a probability sampling technique. From the probability sampling technique, the researchers used a stratified random sampling technique followed by simple random sampling for the selection of households. The survey questionnaire was administered for 368 sample respondents. Findings revealed that community participation was expressed more in financial terms. Participation in policy formulation, planning, implementation, maintenance and operation, and evaluation were not evident. The study shows that there is a strong and positive relationship between the socioeconomic status of respondents and social capital with the level of community participation. The study also found that there was poor communication and relationship among the municipality and kebele leaders that managed the project, and the community. The study concludes that bottom-up approaches, building an effective communication channel between the community, kebele leaders and institutionalization of participation in the City is essential. Capacity-building strategies are also required to promote community participation.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126684277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Affecting Women’s Tripled Gender Roles: The Case of Awura Woreda, Afar Region, Ethiopia 影响妇女三倍性别角色的因素:以埃塞俄比亚阿法尔地区Awura worreda为例

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v6i1.3298

Sisay Demeke

{"title":"Factors Affecting Women’s Tripled Gender Roles: The Case of Awura Woreda, Afar Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Sisay Demeke","doi":"10.56302/jads.v6i1.3298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v6i1.3298","url":null,"abstract":"Pastoralist women have enormous roles but not recognized yet. Thus, this issue becomes field of inquiry because pastoral women provide economic values for non-pastoralists. Hence, this study intends to assess factors affecting women’s tripled gender roles in Awura Woreda. The study employed concurrent design with a mixed approach. The quantitative data were collected from 196 systematically selected women whereas the qualitative information gathered from purposively selected participants. Descriptive and advanced statistical tools were employed to analyze the quantitative while thematic analysis for qualitative data. Thestudy found that (29-39 women’s age group, married, family size 3-5, 6-8) were positive factors; climate variability, drought, inter-conflict, violence, gender relation, and social-service inaccessibility were negative factors. Harassment, low decision-making power, and Poverty were challenges. Access to property, traditional healers, and food aid were opportunities. The study recommends that governmental and nongovernmental organizations should work on service delivery, training on income-generating potential and awareness-raising.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124797353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women’s Status in Refusing Marital Rape and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚妇女拒绝婚内强奸的地位及其相关因素

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v7i1.3114

Melkamu Dires

引用次数: 0

The Magnitude and Causes of Hazardous Child Labour in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴危险童工的规模和原因

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v7i1.3117

Kidanemariam Gidey, Kassa Teshager, Tesfaye Chofana, Desalegn Shamemo, Meshesha Zewde, Woynsher Mengistu, Hiwot Wolde

{"title":"The Magnitude and Causes of Hazardous Child Labour in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Kidanemariam Gidey, Kassa Teshager, Tesfaye Chofana, Desalegn Shamemo, Meshesha Zewde, Woynsher Mengistu, Hiwot Wolde","doi":"10.56302/jads.v7i1.3117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v7i1.3117","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and causes of hazardous child labor in Addis Ababa. To address this objective, a mixed method research design that tilts towards quantitative approach was employed. The result revealed that about 90% of child laborers in Addis Ababa are working in hazardous working conditions, which is much higher than the Sub Saharan Africa average and ILO and CSA estimates for Addis Ababa. This affects physical and mental health and moral development of the children. Considerable proportions of child laborers are working in unhealthy environment mainly in areas exposed to dust, smoke, and fume; extreme cold and heat; loud noise or vibration as well as physical, psychological, and sexual abuses because of their work. Children work or engage in child labor f or a variety of reasons. Accordingly, the most important factors behind child labor among children were found to be poverty, children’s economic interest, and rural-urban migration. Therefore, the federal and regional governments are required to collaborate to reduce poverty induced child migration from regional states to Addis Ababa. That means there is a need to have poverty reduction strategies that reduce general poverty at the source and increase incomes and hence are likely to have a positive effect on reducing child labor. Every poverty reduction strategy needs to take child labor into account.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116650053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health sector performance in Ethiopia: a study in regional disparities 埃塞俄比亚卫生部门绩效:区域差异研究

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v6i2.3120

Kanchan Singh

{"title":"Health sector performance in Ethiopia: a study in regional disparities","authors":"Kanchan Singh","doi":"10.56302/jads.v6i2.3120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v6i2.3120","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is an attempt to review the status of health parameters in the light of demographic attributes of population growth and mortality in Ethiopia. Health infrastructures, health personnel and health services to population ratios have been worked out and compared at regional levels. Twenty-six variables have been used to analyze national and regional situations. Results have been explained in terms of regional development levels, regional disparity, relative disparity and absolute disparity in the case of health services, infrastructures and health personnel to population ratios. In terms of health sector development; Addis Ababa, Amhara and Harari regions have high development (D.I= 0.283-0.74); Dire Dawa, Oromia and Tigray have moderately high development (D.I. = 0.165-0.220); Afar, SNNPR, and Somali regions have a moderately low level of development (D.I. from 0.125 to 0.155); while regions of Gambella and Beneshangul Gumuz reflect a low level of development (D.I. from 0.114 to 0.115) in relation to health facilities and infrastructures. The absolute disparity was extremely high in variables such as Basic Emergency Obstetric Care (BemOC) (1:534) and Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care (CemOC) (1:204) and availability of all other health professionals (1: 118.13).Similarly, the relative disparity was very high in cases of the functional health center to population ratio (230.71 %), all other health professionals (133.22%), BEmOC (120.36),CEmOC (116.52% and deaths due to malaria (114.85%). In terms of health sector performance Addis Ababa and Amhara regions present low regional disparities while Gambella and Beneshangul Gumuz regions reflect a very high regional disparity.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131158465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determinant Factors of Sustainable Urban Land Management System in Tigrai and Amhara Regions, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚提格拉伊和阿姆哈拉地区城市土地可持续管理系统的决定因素

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v6i1.3295

Berihu Asgele

{"title":"Determinant Factors of Sustainable Urban Land Management System in Tigrai and Amhara Regions, Ethiopia","authors":"Berihu Asgele","doi":"10.56302/jads.v6i1.3295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v6i1.3295","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to assess the determinant factors of sustainable urban land management in the Tigray and Amhara regions of Ethiopia. A mixed methods approach with a concurrent nested strategy was employed. A total of 353 questionnaires were collected from implementers and users of the urban land management system; FGDs 8 with implementers and interviews with 24 experts, middle, and top managers were conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed and presented using independent sample t-test, logisticand multiple regressions, while qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The result indicated that urban land management remains using outdated and traditional systems. People in the Amhara region were more cooperative in the urban land management system than those in Tigray. Nonetheless, the magnitude of the differences in the means (mean difference = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.09) was very small (eta squared = -.029). The main factors of urban land management are lack of commitment, lack of humanresources, political influence, maladministration and instability of rules. These factors are hampering the effective management of urban land in both regions. Hence, people are not satisfied with the service of urban land management. Thus, the regional governments need to reconsider the policy, employ an automated system, and work against the identified factors.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133100691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0