Hearing Research最新文献

{"title":"Axon terminal distribution in layer 1 of the mouse auditory cortex: differential projections from the dorsal and medial subdivisions of the medial geniculate body and the marginal zone of the posterior thalamic nuclei","authors":"Meng Sun ,&nbsp;Makoto Takemoto ,&nbsp;Ryohei Tomioka ,&nbsp;Chang Dong ,&nbsp;Ao Lin ,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Song","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layer 1 (L1) of the neocortex integrates bottom-up and top-down signals. Inputs to L1, however, remain incompletely characterized. L1 of the auditory cortex (ACX) receives ascending inputs from the medial geniculate body (MGB) subdivisions and the surrounding posterior thalamic nuclei (PTN). The precise manner in which these structures innervate L1 is not fully understood. Here we examined the distribution of axon terminals from MGB/PTN subdivisions in L1 of the mouse ACX using virus-based axonal labeling. A bulk injection into the entire MGB and its adjacent PTN (referred to as W) confirmed their projection to upper L1, in addition to other layers. However, we observed multiple vertical axon bundles with irregular inter-bundle intervals in L2 in coronal sections. To identify their origin, we first applied a retrograde tracer to the surface of the ACX and found labeled cell bodies across MGB/PTN subdivisions. The distribution of labeled cells could be dichotomously divided into a dorsomedial (DM) region, primarily encompassing the dorsal and medial nuclei of MGB, and a ventrolateral (VL) region, primarily containing the marginal zone (MZ) of PTN. Sparsely labeled neurons in the caudal part of the ventral MGB (MGv) were also observed. We then injected the virus tracer into the DM region containing the dorsomedial subdivisions of MGB and the dorsomedial MGv (dmMGB), and into the VL region containing the MZ and the ventrolateral MGv, for anterograde labeling of axons. A DM injection resulted in strong, uniform labeling of axons in upper L1, without apparent axon bundles in L2, while a VL injection produced clear axon bundles in L2, as well as labeling in upper L1. The bundle density and inter-bundle interval were not significantly different between the W and VL injection cases, suggesting that the MZ is the primary origin of the axon bundles in L2. Interestingly, axons labeled by VL injections had a higher density at locations where the axon bundles reached upper L1, resulting in a clustered distribution of axons in this layer. Coherence analyses confirmed that axon density in upper L1 varied in phase with that in L2 for the VL injection cases. In tangential sections, axons labeled by W injections in lower L1 appeared to distribute in a square grid-like pattern, with expanded nodes. Quantitative analysis revealed that the axon bundles in coronal sections predominantly corresponded to the grid nodes in the tangential sections. Taken together, our results suggest a strong, uniform distribution of dmMGB axon terminals and a square grid-like distribution of MZ axon terminals in cortical upper L1. These two ascending inputs may exert differential influences on the function of L1 in the ACX.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 109275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonidine mitigates noise-induced hearing loss by regulating TRPC6-mediated calcium influx in cochlear hair cells","authors":"Wenji Zhai ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Kuang ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Liheng Li ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Ruishuang Geng ,&nbsp;Tihua Zheng ,&nbsp;Qingyin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common auditory disorder driven by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in cochlear sensory hair cells. The transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), a nonselective cation channel that can be activated by norepinephrine, is implicated in calcium influx and associated cellular damage. This study explores the protective effects of clonidine, an FDA-approved α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that reduces sympathetic nervous system activity and norepinephrine release, on NIHL in mice. Clonidine treatment significantly preserved hearing thresholds, reduced damage to outer hair cells and ribbon synapses, and suppressed TRPC6 channel activation induced by noise exposure. Mechanistically, clonidine alleviated calcium influx, inhibited the calcium-dependent MLCK-MRLC signaling pathway, and attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in cochlear hair cells. Molecular docking analyses demonstrated strong binding between norepinephrine and TRPC6, elucidating the regulatory role of clonidine in calcium signaling. These findings highlight clonidine's potential to prevent NIHL by maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis and reducing cochlear damage via the modulation of norepinephrine and TRPC6 activity. TRPC6 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for preventing and managing noise-induced auditory dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 109284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Change Detection in Spatialized Acoustic Scenes","authors":"Katarina C. Poole ,&nbsp;Drew Cappotto ,&nbsp;Vincent Martin ,&nbsp;Jakub Sztandera ,&nbsp;Maria Chait ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Picinali ,&nbsp;Martha Shiell","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to detect changes in complex auditory scenes is crucial for human survival, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. This study investigates how the presence and location of sound sources impacts active auditory change detection as well as neural correlates of passive change detection. Stimuli were naturalistic temporal envelopes applied to synthesized broadband carriers designed to eliminate semantics and minimize contextual information while preserving naturalistic temporal envelopes and broadband spectra, presented in a spatial loudspeaker array. Behavioral change detection experiments tasked participants with detecting new sources added to spatialized and non-spatialized multi-source auditory scenes. In a passive listening experiment, participants were given a visual decoy task while neural data were collected via electroencephalography (EEG) during exposure to unattended spatialized scenes and added sources.</div><div>Our two behavioral experiments (N = 21 and 21) demonstrated that spatializing sounds facilitated change detection compared to non-spatialized presentation, but that performance declined with increasing number of sound sources and higher hearing thresholds at mid-high frequencies, exclusively in spatialized conditions. Slower reaction times were also observed when changes occurred from above or behind the listener, exacerbated by a higher number of sources. Two EEG experiments (N = 32 and 30), using the same stimuli, showed robust change-evoked responses. However, no significant differences were detected in our analysis as a function of spatial location of the appearing source. These findings provide fresh insights into the mechanisms of spatial auditory change detection, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of spatial cues, change location, and scene complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 109283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Wnt signaling in the mouse inner ear after morphogenesis: In hair cells, supporting cells, and spiral ganglion neurons","authors":"Teppei Noda ,&nbsp;Takahiro Wakizono ,&nbsp;Takahiro Manabe ,&nbsp;Kei Aoyagi ,&nbsp;Marie Kubota ,&nbsp;Tetsuro Yasui ,&nbsp;Takashi Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Kinichi Nakashima ,&nbsp;Chikara Meno","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regenerative capacity of inner ear hair cells in mammals varies between the cochlea and the vestibular system. Hair cells in the cochlea lack regenerative ability, whereas those in the vestibular system exhibit limited regenerative potential. However, supporting cells in the cochlea retain proliferative capacity, making them a key focus in auditory regeneration research. Similarly, spiral ganglion neurons actively proliferate until birth but lose this ability within a week postnatally, sharing the regenerative limitations of hair cells. This study investigated the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway as a potential regulator of these cells. Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in otic development and inner ear morphogenesis. Using reporter mice, we analyzed the activity of the Wnt canonical pathway in the inner ear at the cellular stages from embryonic to adult stages, assessing fluorescence intensities as an indicator of signaling activity. Our findings demonstrate that Wnt signaling remains active in the vestibular hair cells and in the supporting cells of both the cochlea and vestibule throughout development and into adulthood. In addition, Wnt activity was observed in spiral ganglion neurons up to 7 days after birth, coinciding with their period of proliferative potential. These findings suggest that Wnt signaling is integral to cell proliferation in the inner ear both before and after birth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 109282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cortilymph wave: Its relation to the traveling wave, auditory-nerve responses, and low-frequency downward glides","authors":"John J. Guinan Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the cochlear base, recent data show that amplification of the traveling wave does <em>not</em> come from outer-hair-cell (OHC) forces acting on the basilar membrane (BM). Instead, traveling wave amplification is hypothesized to come from OHCs producing cyclic cortilymph flow along the organ-of-Corti (OoC) tunnels (the “cortilymph wave”), which changes OoC cross-section area and adds energy to the scala-media-fluid traveling wave. This hypothesis accounts for amplification of cochlear-motion in the base but may not work in the low-frequency apex. One base-to-apex difference is the OHC-membrane resistance-capacitance (RC) low-pass filter. Measurements in live animals found the OHC-RC corner frequency, Fc, was ∼3 kHz. At tone frequencies &gt;&gt;Fc, the RC filter delays the cortilymph wave from the traveling wave by ¼ cycle, which provides the correct timing for OoC-area-change traveling-wave amplification. However, at frequencies &lt;&lt;Fc, the RC-filter delay is shorter, so traveling-wave amplification may be different in the low-frequency cochlear apex. A source of data for understanding low-frequency cochlear mechanics is auditory-nerve (AN) data. AN rate-vs-level functions show two components separated by a phase jump. The frequency relative to the fiber characteristic frequency (CF) where the jump is a phase reversal varies across fibers. This variation is hypothesized to be due to a variable phase relationship of the cortilymph and traveling waves. It is further hypothesized (1) that low-CF AN-tuning-curve “side lobes” have short group delays because they are excited by a cortilymph wave that flows ahead of the traveling wave, and (2) low-CF AN-fiber impulse-response instantaneous-frequency-versus-time profiles (glides) are downward mostly due to a cortilymph wave driven from more basal OHCs. A long downward glide may indicate the presence of a cortilymph wave. Cochlear output is driven by both the traveling wave and the cortilymph wave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 109279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling-induced tunability of characteristic frequency, bandwidth and gain of artificial hair cells","authors":"Kalpan Ved ,&nbsp;Hermann Folke Johann Rolf ,&nbsp;Tzvetan Ivanov ,&nbsp;Thomas Meurer ,&nbsp;Martin Ziegler ,&nbsp;Claudia Lenk","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing inspiration from nature, we develop bio-inspired acoustic sensors with integrated signal processing capabilities to (i) close the performance gap between the human hearing and machine hearing and (ii) test models on biological hearing. Particularly important is thereby the combination of frequency decomposition with nonlinear (compressive) amplification of the sound signals. Here, the question arises, how the frequency resolution of 0.1–0.4%, the large gain and the coverage of the large frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz can be obtained with a modest number of 3000 inner hair cells as transducers without missing tones. To solve this issue, it was hypothesized that the cochlea can be modeled as coupled critical oscillators. We study experimentally and theoretically the effects of coupling critical oscillators using bio-inspired acoustic sensors, which are based-on microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators with a high-quality factor and a resonance frequency set by the geometry. Using electronic feedback, these resonators act like critical oscillators tuned near Andronov–Hopf bifurcation point. If output-signal coupling is added, three different bifurcation points are generated. Tuning the system close to one of these bifurcation points leads to a highly tunable behavior and sound pressure dependent sensitivity that is compressive in nature. In this case, the response frequency of the sensor system can be shifted by tuning the control parameter for bifurcation, allowing to cover larger bandwidths with one sensor pair while retaining high quality factors. Furthermore, tuning coupling and feedback strength, bandwidth and gain of each sensor can be adapted as needed. Using these effects, an adaptive filter bank to model the cochlear functionality and adaptation can be build. Since efferent feedback can tune the response of outer hair cells and thus inner hair cells and basilar membrane as well, the question arises if such tuning mechanisms can be observed in the mammalian cochlea as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 109260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative MRI, audiovisual speech perception, and mood are associated with cochlear implant outcomes in adults with postlingual deafness","authors":"Anaïs M. Grégoire ,&nbsp;Laurence Dricot ,&nbsp;Caroline Huart ,&nbsp;Monique Decat ,&nbsp;Naïma Deggouj ,&nbsp;Ron Kupers","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acquired severe to profound hearing loss is an increasingly challenging problem of our aging population. Cochlear implantation (CI) is the gold standard treatment for this advanced form of sensory deprivation. Despite the overall satisfactory results of CI, a substantial number of patients show unsatisfactory outcomes. This study aims to improve current predictive models of CI outcome by integrating preoperative MRI with behavioral data. We acquired a 3D T1 MRI to measure cortical thickness (CT) and volume using surface-based analysis and parcellation from the Brainnetome atlas. CI success at 6 months post-implant, as measured by audiovisual speech perception, was correlated with preoperative speech and audiovisual perception with hearing aids, and residual hearing, especially at the side of the non-implanted ear. In addition, CI outcome correlated positively with CT of the left superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, left inferior frontal region, and bilateral superior frontal regions. The volume of the left middle frontal gyrus and regions of the parietal lobe, especially at the left side, also correlated with CI outcome. Linear regression models revealed that CI outcome was best predicted by the combination of preoperative measures of audiovisual speech perception, residual hearing, depression and CT. Our results highlight the importance of preserved brain areas implicated in hearing, language, audiovisual integration, and cognitive functions for CI success. Furthermore, brain MRI in conjunction with other predictors can help to identify patients who may need more time to adjust to the CI, allowing a more tailored rehabilitation, and potentially greater efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 109272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating hearing thresholds in rodents using the parallel auditory brainstem response","authors":"Pawichaya Suphinnapong,&nbsp;Shievanie Sabesan,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Lesica","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ABR thresholds are traditionally measured for one sound frequency at a time, but a new approach, the parallel ABR (pABR), has recently been developed. The pABR allows thresholds to be measured for multiple frequencies simultaneously and has been shown to be more efficient than the traditional approach for humans. This study explored the applicability of the pABR approach for threshold measurement in gerbils. The basic properties of the estimated ABRs were analyzed and the dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the reliability of measured thresholds on the number of trials was assessed. For a subset of ears, direct comparisons were made between the pABR and the traditional approach. The results suggest that the pABR approach can be more efficient for rodents than the traditional ABR approach, particularly for threshold estimation. To facilitate its use, software toolboxes in Matlab and Python are provided for the design of the pABR sounds and the analysis of recordings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 109273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling eye movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs): how saccade direction and tympanometric measurements relate to their amplitude and time course","authors":"Nancy Sotero Silva ,&nbsp;Christoph Kayser ,&nbsp;Felix Bröhl","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eye movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) reflect movements of the tympanic membrane that scale with the magnitude and direction of saccades. EMREOs have been consistently described in humans and non-human primates, yet many questions regarding this phenomenon remain unresolved. Based on bilateral in-ear recordings in human participants we here explore several properties of these EMREOs in order to improve our understanding of this signal's origin and functional significance. Our data support that the EMREO time course is comparable between the left and right ears, and between paradigms guiding saccades by visual and auditory target stimuli. However, the precise amplitude time course differs significantly between ipsi- and contralateral saccades in addition to the previously known phase-inversion described for saccades in opposing directions. Finally, our data suggest that the EMREO amplitude is negatively related to the compliance of the tympanic membrane as established by tympanometry. Collectively, these results support the notion that EMREOs reflect motor-related top-down signals relayed to the ear from yet-to-be-resolved sources, and fuel the speculation that EMREOs may be generated by the middle ear muscles in a differential operation similar to the execution of ipsi- and contralateral saccades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 109276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural brain pattern abnormalities in tinnitus with and without hearing loss","authors":"Li Qin ,&nbsp;Qiu Ge ,&nbsp;Chaoqi Shi ,&nbsp;Jiayu Ni ,&nbsp;Zili Yin ,&nbsp;Enli Jin ,&nbsp;Jiaying Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Feng Zang ,&nbsp;Yuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heares.2025.109274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Subjective tinnitus often coexists with hearing loss, and they share common pathophysiological mechanisms. This comorbidity induces whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV) alterations, manifesting as distributed structural changes in neural networks rather than isolated regional modifications. Multivariate analysis of structural brain patterns is therefore essential to differentiate their underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty tinnitus patients and 50 age-/gender-matched controls underwent structural MRI and audiometry. Patients were stratified by hearing level into 22 with hearing loss (T+HL) and 28 without (T-HL). To investigate structural brain patterns specific to tinnitus and hearing loss, Source-Based Morphometry (SBM), a multivariate analytical approach based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA), was applied to identify covarying patterns of GMV. The associations between these structural covariance patterns and clinical characteristics were examined using Spearman's correlation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results showed that in T-HL patients, structural abnormalities in the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and auditory cortex were negatively correlated with tinnitus distress. In contrast, in T+HL patients, abnormalities in the insular structural brain pattern were negatively associated with depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings revealed that tinnitus-related structural brain patterns involve regions such as the middle frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), with these changes negatively correlating with tinnitus distress, suggesting adaptive mechanisms in tinnitus perception. Moreover, the structural brain pattern involving the insula, putamen, and superior temporal gyrus appears to be primarily driven by hearing loss. These findings support audiometric-based subgrouping in tinnitus management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12881,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Research","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 109274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}