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A practical method of antimicrobial surveillance. 一种实用的抗菌素监测方法。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-01-01
M M Carruthers, K Grant
{"title":"A practical method of antimicrobial surveillance.","authors":"M M Carruthers,&nbsp;K Grant","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This antimicrobial surveillance program clearly relates inpatient antimicrobial usage to therapeutic or prophylactic indications. One nurse-epidemiologist gathers data for a medium-sized Veterans Administration hospital, in addition to carrying out infection surveillance and educational responsibilities, and reviews the data weekly with an infectious disease physician. Usage of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis is the area where violations of generally accepted criteria for usage can be most readily documented. Only 31% of usages were deemed appropriate. A similar percentage (about 65%) of antimicrobial usages were judged \"appropriate\" on the medical and surgical services in treatment of wound and urinary tract infection. Treatment of respiratory tract infection and sepsis was judge \"appropriate\" in over 85% of instances on the medical service. These categories contained too few cases to summarize on the surgical service.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 1","pages":"44-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11842749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acriflavine violet red bile agar for the isolation of Klebsiella. 黄芪紫红色胆汁琼脂分离克雷伯氏菌。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
D Y Fung, M Niemiec
{"title":"Acriflavine violet red bile agar for the isolation of Klebsiella.","authors":"D Y Fung,&nbsp;M Niemiec","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A medium for the isolation and detection of Klebsiella is described. It contains 0.06% Acriflavine in Violet Red Bile agar (Difco). Klebsiella appeared as 5 to 7 mm mucoid (24 h at 37 degrees C) golden-yellow colonies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. appeared as small, brown to dark brown colonies. Escherichia coli as well as many other gram negative organisms and gram positive organisms did not grow on this medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"273-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11547087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A study of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Herpesvirus hominis (types 1 and 2) antibody in institutionalized and non-institutionalized children. 住院和非住院儿童巨细胞病毒、eb病毒和人疱疹病毒(1型和2型)抗体的研究。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
B C McMillan, R Golubjatnikov, R P Hanson, S K Sinha
{"title":"A study of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Herpesvirus hominis (types 1 and 2) antibody in institutionalized and non-institutionalized children.","authors":"B C McMillan,&nbsp;R Golubjatnikov,&nbsp;R P Hanson,&nbsp;S K Sinha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an attempt to demonstrate differences in antibody prevalence between free-living and institutionalized children, antibodies to Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Herpesvirus hominis (HVH), types 1 and 2, were assayed in 123 children. The children comprised three groups consisting of 41 institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome (all non-disjunctive trisomy-G karyotype and equal numbers of age-, sex-, and race-matched non-mongoloid institutionalized subjects and non-institutionalized normal controls. CMV antibody titer values were statistically similar in the three groups. However, fewer mongoloids (21.9%) were seropositive than other institutionalized retardates (39.0%) and normal control subjects (43.9%). Antibody titer values to EBV were also similar; however, in comparison to the other groups, significantly more mongoloids were seropositive at younger ages. More mongoloids were seropositive to HVH-1 and had higher antibody titers than the other two groups. Antibody to HVH-2 was more prevalent in institutionalized subjects, 85.4% in mongoloids and 65.8% in other institutionalized retardates, than in normal non-institutionalized children (26.8%).</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"261-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11415424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Viral hepatitis B: aspects of environmental control. 病毒性乙型肝炎:环境控制方面。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
W W Bond, N J Petersen, M S Favero
{"title":"Viral hepatitis B: aspects of environmental control.","authors":"W W Bond,&nbsp;N J Petersen,&nbsp;M S Favero","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years it has become increasingly evident that viral hepatitis type B is a major disease problem among patients and/or health professionals associated with environments such as hemodialysis centers, dental operatories, clinical laboratories, and institutions for the mentally retarded. Studies have incriminated the intramural environment as well as specialized equipment and procedures as important factors in disease transmission. With hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as a marker of potentially infectious blood or body fluids such as saliva, it is possible to assess the environmental role in transmission of hepatitis B by use of a swab-rinse technique coupled with radioimmune assay. Assay procedures have been developed and utilized for detecting HBsAg on surfaces and in air and for quantitating of HBsAg in thermal and chemical inactivation studies. Specific decontamination strategies and recommendations for sterilization or disinfection procedures are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"235-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12098174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative study of antistreptolysin O, antideoxyribonuclease B and multienzyme tests in streptococcal infections. 抗溶血素O、抗脱氧核糖核酸酶B和多酶试验在链球菌感染中的比较研究。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
R Golubjatnikov, J E Koehler, J Buccowich
{"title":"Comparative study of antistreptolysin O, antideoxyribonuclease B and multienzyme tests in streptococcal infections.","authors":"R Golubjatnikov,&nbsp;J E Koehler,&nbsp;J Buccowich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of antistreptolysin O (ASO), antideoxyribonuclease B (ADB), and a multienzyme test, Streptozyme, with 162 sera from a stratified random sample of Wisconsin school children, and specimens routinely submitted for serodiagnosis of Group A streptococcal infections are described. A review of the results of Streptozyme tests of laboratories participating in the State Division of Health Proficiency Testing Program, is also presented. The results of these various tests have revealed both false positive and false negative results with the Streptozyme procedure. Although there was good correlation of the Streptozyme findings with the ASO and ADB tests results with sera from young children, false positive Streptozyme test results increased with age of the study subjects. Our results with the ADB test on sera from apparently normal Wisconsin children and young adults suggest that the upper limits of normal ADB values, suggested by the manufacturers of commercial ADB test kits, may be too low.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"284-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11547088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Qualitative evaluation of macroscopic flocculation tests for syphilis. 梅毒宏观絮凝试验的定性评价。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
K J Doege, F M Victor, C E Bauer, C D Morse
{"title":"Qualitative evaluation of macroscopic flocculation tests for syphilis.","authors":"K J Doege,&nbsp;F M Victor,&nbsp;C E Bauer,&nbsp;C D Morse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five thousand two hundred and two sera were tested in parallel using the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) Card Test, the Reagin Screen Test (RST), and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) Slide Test. The fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test was then used to confirm the reactive specimens. This comparison study was to evaluate the RPR and the RST when used in a screening program. Of the total 5,202 samples, 199 (3.8%) were VDRL reactive, 187 (3.6%) were RPR reactive, and 183 (3.5%) were RST reactive. Of the 199 VDRL reactive, 116 (58.2%) were confirmed by the FTA-ABS, 137 (73.3%) of the 187 RPR reactives were confirmed by the FTA-ABS and of the 183 RST reactives, 115 (62.8%) were confirmed by the FTA-ABS. Included in this discussion are some testing and procedural problems encountered during the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"269-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12098175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Yersinia enterocolitica: a review of the bacterium and recommended laboratory methodology. 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌:细菌综述和推荐的实验室方法。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
A K Highsmith, J C Feeley, G K Morris
{"title":"Yersinia enterocolitica: a review of the bacterium and recommended laboratory methodology.","authors":"A K Highsmith,&nbsp;J C Feeley,&nbsp;G K Morris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Only in the last few years has Yersinia enterocolitica been recognized as an etiologic agent. The organism, however, is widespread in both the animate and inanimate environments. It has been isolated and recovered from a variety of sources including fecal material, foodstuffs, and water, but vehicles of disease transmission are not fully delineated or understood. The bacteriology of Y. enterocolitica is reviewed and recommended laboratory methodology is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"253-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11547086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacterial gram staining by conventional and strip methods. 细菌革兰氏染色常规和条带法。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
N M Burdash, C E Bennett, A B Glassman
{"title":"Bacterial gram staining by conventional and strip methods.","authors":"N M Burdash,&nbsp;C E Bennett,&nbsp;A B Glassman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional gram staining was compared with a method which uses dye impregnated paper strips for staining. The paper strip technique was judged accurate and reproducible and is recommended for use in the small laboratory and hospital ward.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"282-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11293209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Primary laboratory medicine. 初级检验医学。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
W W Diggs, L W Diggs
{"title":"Primary laboratory medicine.","authors":"W W Diggs,&nbsp;L W Diggs","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A list of laboratory tests which should be available in a primary care facility is presented. The primary physician should be able to perform or obtain reports of blood smears, urinalysis, hematocrit, white blood counts, sedimentation and prothrombin information during the patient's visit. In general, those tests that are not practical to perform include those that are seldom used, that require extended time for performance, that are complicated and require special technical skills and that demand expensive and elaborate equipment and unstable expensive reagents. Equipment recommended for a primary laboratory is also listed. Tests to be run on each individual patient should be selected carefully because of the cost factor as there are limited financial resources for health care delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"291-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12098176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of methods for rapid immunofluroescent staining of group A streptococci and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A组链球菌与淋病奈瑟菌快速免疫荧光染色方法的比较。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1977-10-01
M A Quraishi, W Washington, S L Rosenthal
{"title":"Comparison of methods for rapid immunofluroescent staining of group A streptococci and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.","authors":"M A Quraishi,&nbsp;W Washington,&nbsp;S L Rosenthal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunofluorescent staining reactions for group A streptococci and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were equivalent to those of standard \"slow\" methods when slides were heated on a serological water bath at 50 C for periods one to four minutes. No false negative reactions occurred when this method was used. False negative reactions occasionally occurred when previously described rapid methods which employed a slide warmer were used.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"14 4","pages":"279-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11293208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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