Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health最新文献

{"title":"In-vitro Replication Competence of Three Modified-live Canine Distemper Vaccines","authors":"M. Klemmer, R. Kreisler, L. Kronstad, C. Uppalapati, H. Herendeen, N. Haley","doi":"10.56771/jsmcah.v2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/jsmcah.v2.52","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several years, there have been a number of severe canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreaks in shelters involving adult dogs that were considered fully vaccinated with modified live vaccine prior to exposure. Shelters vaccinating large numbers of animals during admission or high-volume public vaccine clinics may reconstitute modified live vaccines (MLV) hours ahead of use and store them under non-ideal cold chain conditions. There is little guidance regarding the durability of MLV potency, and viral components may degrade under storage conditions (both pre- and post-reconstitution) employed by shelters in the name of efficiency. This study aimed to generate a model for examining the effect of vaccine husbandry on the in-vitro replication competence of MLV CDV.\u0000Shelters were surveyed to determine the most common vaccine brands and the maximum duration between reconstitution and use of CDV MLV to guide the time/temperature conditions in our in vitro study.  CDV-susceptible Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing fetal bovine serum, penicillin/streptomycin, and l-glutamine, seeded into a 96-well plate, and inoculated with CDV MLV. There were 3 replicates per time/temperature condition. Viral replication was allowed to proceed for 72 hours. Fluorescently labeled anti-CDV antibodies were used to identify cells infected with vaccine-derived CDV via flow cytometry. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test differences in medians between the groups.\u0000Three quadrivalent CDV vaccine brands were assessed in our model system to examine virus replication competency in vitro. Two commercial vaccines, including the most reported brand in our survey, did not produce infection beyond baseline uninoculated controls, while a third showed robust infect rates.  This brand was used for subsequent trials of different storage conditions.  Immediate reconstitution infected a median of 14% (IQR 10, 18) of cells. In comparison, 10 min at room temperature (RT) pre-reconstitution (PreR), 10 min at RT post-reconstitution (PostR), 10 min at 4 °C PostR, 60 min at RT PreR, 60 min at RT PostR, and 60 min at °4C PostR infected a median of 15% (IQR 10,20), 14% (IQR 8,23) 14% (11, 24), 11% (8, 21), 13% (9, 26), and 10% (7, 20), respectively.  Similarly, 120 min at RT PreR, 120 min at RT PostR, 120 min at 4 °C PostR, 120 min RT PreR followed by 60 min 4 °C, and 1440 min at RT PreR followed by 1440 min at RT PostR infected a median of 9% (8, 17), 10% (8, 20), (9% (8, 22), 8% (9, 22), and 9% (10, 23) of cells, respectively. There was no difference between conditions.\u0000Our in-vitro model demonstrated no significant difference in median cell infection rates between time/temperature conditions up to an extreme of 24 hours pre-reconstitution/24 hours post-reconstitution at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130914732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of perioperative hypothermia in a high-quality high-volume spay/neuter setting and association with environmental temperature","authors":"Jennifer Rodriguez-Diaz, G. Hayes, Leslie D. Appel, N. Buote, M. Moyal","doi":"10.56771/jsmcah.v2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/jsmcah.v2.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (PIH) can prolong anesthetic recovery times. Study goals included determining PIH incidence (rectal temperature<36°C (96.8°F)) in the high-quality high-volume spay/neuter (HQHVSN) setting and evaluating associations between environmental temperature and PIH incidence. Secondary objectives included evaluating associations between PIH incidence, anesthesia recovery times, and postoperative pain.\u0000Methods: Prospective observational cohort study conducted at five HQHVSN shelters enrolling dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration and cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Blankets and electric heating pads were only used routinely in the immediate postoperative period. Regression models were used to evaluate associations between PIH incidence, environmental temperature, and pain data.\u0000Results: One hundred and forty dogs undergoing 65 castrations and 75 ovariohysterectomies, and 161 cats were enrolled. Mean surgical times were 19.6 (8.0) min (canine ovariohysterectomies), 7.2 (3.0) min (canine castrations), and 10.6 (3.6) min (feline ovariohysterectomies). PIH incidence was 22% (95% CI = 17–27). The risk of developing PIH was associated with environmental temperature, with a 22% increase in the odds of experiencing PIH for each degree centigrade decrease in environmental temperature (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.03–1.44, P = 0.02) over a recorded range of 15.6–26.1°C (60.1–79.0°F). In cats, PIH was associated with a prolongation of time to extubation by 3.8 min (95% CI 2.27–5.37, P = 0.01). On average, each degree centigrade reduction in rectal temperature at extubation was associated with an increase in pain scale of 0.51 units (95% CI = 0.06–0.97, P = 0.03) for both species. In dogs, each degree centigrade reduction in rectal temperature at extubation was associated with a reduction in mechanical threshold (indicating increased sensitivity to pain) of 1.40 N (95% CI = 0.44–2.35, P = 0.004).\u0000Conclusion: PIH is common in a spay/neuter population despite rapid surgical times and is associated with prolonged anesthetic recovery in cats and increased postoperative pain in cats and dogs. Raising the environmental temperature in operative and recovery areas may reduce incidence.","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114934904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, Seroprevalence, and In-shelter Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Cats","authors":"L. Badang, N. Bradley-Siemens, O. Okwumabua, R. Kreisler","doi":"10.56771/jsmcah.v2.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/jsmcah.v2.50","url":null,"abstract":"Cats are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and can transmit the virus to humans. Experimentally infected cats shed virus for 5-10 days and generate antibodies within 7 days, while naive cats cohoused with these cats shed virus orally within 24 hours. Shelters intake cats from SARS-CoV-2 endemic communities and house them in close proximity, creating the opportunity for shelter-acquired disease. Shelter cat populations could serve as a reservoir for the virus, where it might mutate and spill back into human populations. This study aimed to determine the incidence and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in cats housed in a shelter.\u0000Cats over 1 kg undergoing anesthesia between April and December 2020 in a large shelter were enrolled in the study using convenience sampling. Pharyngeal, conjunctival, and serum samples were collected. The pharyngeal/conjunctival swabs were analyzed by Real-Time PCR using N1 and N2 probes derived from the virus's nucleocapsid protein (N) portion. One sample positive for N1 within the 40 cycles specified by CDC protocol but only positive for N2 after 41 cycles (late rise) was sequenced. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed using the cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit.\u0000During the study period, 7,179 cats entered the shelter, and 350 were sampled. Most sampled cats were owner surrender (45%) or stray (43%), which was different (P<0.0001) from the overall population (26% owner surrender and 64% stray). Seven (2%) samples were PCR positive (95%CI 0.8-4.0%), 199 (57%) were negative, and 144 (41%) were inconclusive. Of the inconclusive samples, 85 (59%) were positive for N1 but negative for N2. The median length of stay before sampling (LOSBS) was 4 days (IQR 1-10) for all sampled cats and 13 days (IQR 5-22) for PCR-positive cats. Of the 131 serum samples tested to date, 11 (8%) were positive (95%CI 4.3-14.5). The median LOSBS for antibody-positive cats was 5 (IQR 1-5; range 1-8). One positive cat with a LOSBS of 5 days was PCR and antibody positive. The cat with a sequenced sample had a LOSBS of 13 days, was antibody negative, and had both base pair deletions and substitutions in the N2 target probe region.\u0000Consistent with in-shelter transmission, the median LOSBS for cats positive by PCR was greater than the documented SARS-CoV-2 infectious period. All but one of the seropositive cats had a LOSBS of 5 days or less, suggesting the previous infection was community-acquired. The sequenced sample was credibly from a shelter-acquired infection, and the base pair deletions and substitutions were consistent with a feline-specific strain circulating in the shelter.","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116677207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Opportunity to Increase Access to Pyometra Treatment","authors":"A. McCallin, J. Turner, R. Kreisler","doi":"10.56771/jsmcah.v2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/jsmcah.v2.53","url":null,"abstract":"Pyometra in dogs and cats is a common and severe problem encountered by private practice (PP) clinicians that requires urgent treatment. This interruption can disrupt the clinic day's flow and result in pet owners facing high expenses for treatment. In many cases, there is a risk of economic euthanasia. Referral to high quality, high volume, spay/neuter (HQHVSN) clinics may be helpful for cases where treatment would be disruptive to clinic operations and referral to an emergency room is not feasible. A previous survey of pyometra practices of PP veterinarians demonstrated that, despite 66% of respondents finding pyometra to be majorly or moderately disruptive to their clinical day, 44% would be unwilling to refer to an HQHVSN clinic. \u0000This survey, conducted from June to July 2021 (142 respondents), and a similar survey of HQHVSN clinics conducted from June to July 2020 (118 respondents) were analyzed for opportunities for increased partnership. Proportions were compared using two-sided tests of proportions, while non-normal data were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum.\u0000The three primary reasons indicated by PP with a reluctance to refer to HQHVSN (beyond a lack of local HQHVSN clinics) were a perceived lack of prompt appointment availability (20%), lack of aftercare (18%), and lack of adequate equipment (14%). In contrast, most HQHVSN clinics estimated that they generally accept referrals the same day (50%) or the next day (42%). Ninety-five percent of HQHVSN clinics reported having the resources needed to treat most presenting pyometras. Median estimated survival rates for patients presenting BAR/QAR were 100% for both PP and HQHVSN, with IQR of 95-100% and 100-100%, respectively. For patients presenting dull or nonambulatory, the median estimated survival was 80% (IQR 70-95%) for PP and 95% (IQR 95-100%) for HQHVSN. The median estimated survival for patients presenting obtunded or lateral was 15% (IQR 0-50%) for PP and 20% (IQR 2-80%) for HQHVSN. Estimated survival was only different for patients presenting dull or lateral (P = 0.018, z = 2.4). The estimated cost to treat a pyometra in dogs in PP, a median of $1,000 (IQR $700-1500), was significantly (P < 0.0001, z = 8.4) higher than HQHVSN clinics with a median of $200 (IQR $125-300). The estimated cost to treat a pyometra in cats, a median of $725 (IQR $450-1,000) in PP and $125 (IQR $58-200) in HQHVSN clinics, was also significantly different (P < 0.0001, z=8.6). PP ranked economic euthanasia as the most likely alternative outcome to surgery at their PP clinic 32% of the time, while HQHVSN indicated it only 11% of the time. \u0000Given that PP clinicians estimate that economic euthanasia is the most likely outcome for approximately one-third of patients not treated by their clinic, there is an opportunity for greater collaboration. The concerns with HQHVSN clinics expressed by PP should be addressed knowing that HQHVSN clinics typically accept referrals within 48 hours, believe that they have adequ","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125183413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Accuracy of Visual Weight Estimates of Cats","authors":"A. Steele, S. Nguyen, S. Hefferan, R. Kreisler","doi":"10.56771/jsmcah.v2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/jsmcah.v2.54","url":null,"abstract":"Visual estimation of cat weight is commonly performed during trap-neuter-return (TNR) events where cats are brought in humane traps of various models with differing weights. These cats are typically asocial and cannot be safely handled before the induction of anesthesia. Weight estimate accuracy is important since it determines the anesthetic induction dose. This study measured the accuracy of the visual weight estimates made by various veterinary professionals involved in the program, including a veterinarian, veterinary students of all years, and several veterinary technicians, and explored whether there were variables that systematically predicted percent deviation of estimate from actual weight. \u0000Subjects estimated the weight and noted the posture (standing, sitting, crouching, laying). Cat demographics, including actual weight (kg), body condition score (BCS), coat color, solid or patterned coat, sex and pregnancy status were recorded. Age was not considered due to the correlation with weight. Accuracy was measured as the percent of estimates within 20% (PW20) and 10% (PW10). Linear regression clustered on cat was used to evaluate whether cat posture or demographic variables were associated with the percent deviation between estimated and actual weight. Potential association between the deviation and student experience as measured by student year, previous technician experience, and experience with TNRs was evaluated using linear regression. \u0000A total of 315 cats and 647 estimates were evaluated for this study from 5 TNR clinics held at Midwestern University between May 2022 and October 2022. A veterinarian provided 142 visual weight estimates, veterinary students 310, and a veterinary technician 195. The median weight was 2.7 kg (IQR 2.0-3.5). Veterinarians had a PW20/PW10 of 54%/32%, veterinary students 43%/23%, and veterinary technicians 35%/16%. Heavier cats tended to be underestimated, while lighter cats tended to be overestimated. The percent deviation decreased by 15% (95% CI -18 to -12%) per kg from a high of 45% at 1 kg, crossing 0% at approximately 4 kg, then decreasing to -43% at 7 kg. The mean difference, which did not vary by the actual weight, was 0.5 kg (SD 0.8) for cats under 3.5 kg. At weights of 3.5 or greater, the difference decreased by -0.9 kg for each additional kg of actual weight. There were several predictors of percent deviation from actual weight. The weight of female cats tended to be overestimated by 9% (95% CI 1-16%, P = 0.020), females that were pregnant underestimated by 22% (-39 to -5%), and cats with a BCS less than 5 overestimated by 10% (95% CI 2-18%, P = 0.012). There was no significant systematic variation by cat posture, color or coat pattern. Student experience did not significantly impact the deviation in their estimates.\u0000As measured by the PW20 and PW10, the veterinarian was the most accurate at visual weight estimates, although only slightly more than half of the cats were estimated within 20%. There","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126804376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinary Clinician's Opinions and Experiences with the Feline Ovarian Pedicle Tie","authors":"H. Herendeen, J. Turner, R. Kreisler","doi":"10.56771/jsmcah.v2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/jsmcah.v2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Ligation of the feline ovarian pedicle is commonly performed by autoligation, also known as the pedicle tie. This technique is faster than double ligation with suture, has a very low risk of hemorrhage-related complications, and has been suggested as an acceptable standard in all practice settings. However, although it has been demonstrated to be appropriate for novice surgeons under supervision, fewer institutions teach autoligation than double ligation. This study aimed to determine the opinions and experiences of general practitioners regarding the feline ovarian pedicle tie.\u0000An anonymous 23-question online survey entitled “Veterinary Clinician's Opinions and Experiences with Surgical Spay/Neuter Techniques” was advertised to veterinarians performing feline ovariohysterectomies via social media posts that also encouraged sharing and cross-posting. The survey questions, most of which presented non-exclusive answer options resulting in percentages summing to greater than 100%, probed the opinions and experiences of veterinarians regarding the technique.\u0000There were 142 respondents, with 77 indicating the use of the pedicle tie and 65 indicating no use. Of those who used the pedicle tie, most reported learning from either a dedicated high-quality high volume (HQHV) educational setting (32%) or a colleague/mentor (32%). Nearly half used it in all cases, although 20% did not use it for pregnant cats. They had used it for a median of 5 (IQ 3-8) years, and 99% were comfortable teaching the technique to others. Of those who did not use the pedicle tie, 60% reported that it meets the standard of care (SOC), 14% reported that it does not, and 26% that it sometimes meets SOC. Most veterinarians not performing the pedicle tie thought it was appropriate for unowned cats or cats in HQHV programs (77-82%), but only 55% thought it was appropriate for owned cats in general practice. The most common reasons given for not using the technique were that they had not learned it in vet school (51%), followed by the fact that they had not seen it used before (34%) and that while they had seen it done, they were nervous to try (28%). Seventy-four percent of those who did not use autoligation of the feline ovarian pedicle used autoligation of the testicular pedicle, either the pedicle tie (40%) or figure 8 (34%). Of those who believed that the pedicle tie does not meet SOC, 78% indicated it was because they had not seen it used, and 67% because it was not taught in vet school. However, 89% reported that an expensive commercially available device with similar positive attributes, specifically reduced procedure time, met SOC. Veterinarians using the pedicle tie graduated more recently (P = 0.040), with the median year of graduation in 2011 (IQR 2004-2016) as compared to 2007 (IQR 1998-2014).\u0000The greatest barrier to performing the technique or considering it SOC is a lack of familiarity with the method and the fact that it is not taught routinely in veterinary school. Ther","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133329847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Dog Population, Responsible Pet Ownership, and Intestinal Parasitism in Dogs in Quito, Ecuador","authors":"C. J. Grijalva, H. Walden, P. C. Crawford, J. Levy, W. E. Pine, Jorge A. Hernandez","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-264981/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-264981/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2011, authorities of Quito, the capital city of Ecuador, approved an ordinance to promote public health and animal welfare through responsible pet ownership promotion. The population of dogs was not known, and the relationships between dog abundance, socio-economic factors, prevalence of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites, and pet ownership responsibility had not been investigated. The objectives of this study were (i) to estimate the human:dog (HD) ratio, (ii) to examine the relationship between household factors and responsible pet ownership and (iii) to estimate the prevalence of households with one or more dogs infected with intestinal parasites in Quito, Ecuador. Space-based random sampling procedures were used for estimation of HD ratios in stray dogs and confined owned dogs. The relationship between household factors and a responsible pet ownership index was examined using logistic regression. Dog fecal samples were tested for intestinal parasites. Among stray dogs, the observed HD ratio was 58:1. Among dogs kept indoors, the observed HD ratio was 3,5:1. A positive interaction effect between number of dogs in study households and household living conditions (a proxy for household wealth) on responsible pet ownership was observed, which we discuss in this report. Prevalence of households with dogs infected with intestinal parasites was 28% (95% CI = 21-37). Ancylostoma spp. was the most frequent intestinal parasite in study dogs kept indoors. This study provides new information that can be used by policy makers to formulate, implement, and evaluate public policies and education programs aimed at enhancing pet ownership responsibility in Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116386812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of and exposure factors for infectious diseases in free-roaming cats from two Florida counties","authors":"A. Stern, M. Muralidhar, Thomas Demagamage","doi":"10.56771/jsmcah.v2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/jsmcah.v2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ninety-nine deceased free-roaming cats (FRCs) from two nonadjacent counties (Volusia and Alachua) in Florida were used to determine the prevalence of and associated exposure to pathogens postmortem, including Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), Dirofilaria immitis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, Mycoplasma haemominutum, and Cytauxzoon felis. Methods: Humanely euthanized FRCs or those FRCs found dead in the community were submitted for postmortem examinations. Blood samples from these FRCs were analyzed using a combination of antibody, antigen, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Results: Male cats were at higher risk of infection for FeLV and FIV, intact cats were less likely to be infected with FeLV, and cats in the Volusia county were more likely to be infected with FIV. Mycoplasma haemominutum had the highest prevalence of all surveyed pathogens in this study, and infections were only identified in male cats. Conclusion: FRCs in this study had similar or higher prevalence rates of infections compared to studies assessing FRCs enrolled in trap-neuter-return programs from Florida.","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134011190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telemedicine, access to veterinary healthcare, and animal welfare","authors":"B. A. DiGangi, J. Hobgood, Camille DeClementi","doi":"10.56771/jsmcah.v2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/jsmcah.v2.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114497548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters. Second Edition","authors":"","doi":"10.56771/asvguidelines.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56771/asvguidelines.2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133381853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}