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Understanding the Demand-Side of an Illegal Market: A Case Study of the Prohibition of Menthol Cigarettes 了解非法市场的需求方：薄荷香烟禁令案例研究》。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4937
Don Kenkel, Alan Mathios, Grace Phillips, Revathy Suryanarayana, Hua Wang, Sen Zeng
{"title":"Understanding the Demand-Side of an Illegal Market: A Case Study of the Prohibition of Menthol Cigarettes","authors":"Don Kenkel,&nbsp;Alan Mathios,&nbsp;Grace Phillips,&nbsp;Revathy Suryanarayana,&nbsp;Hua Wang,&nbsp;Sen Zeng","doi":"10.1002/hec.4937","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4937","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Economic research has long focused on illegal markets and the consequences of prohibitions. We provide a case study of the proposed prohibition of menthol cigarettes, which are smoked by almost 19 million people in the U.S. Illegal markets for menthol cigarettes could not only blunt the prohibition's intended consequence to reduce smoking but could also lead to unintended consequences. We use data from a discrete choice experiment. Our mixed logit model predicts a substantial potential consumer demand for illegal menthol cigarettes, especially if menthol e-cigarettes are also illegal.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 5","pages":"956-971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marketing Status and Brand-Name Drug Prices: Evidence From Rx-To-OTC Switch 市场状况与品牌药价格：来自处方药到非处方药转换的证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4952
Lin Lin, Bo Wang
{"title":"Marketing Status and Brand-Name Drug Prices: Evidence From Rx-To-OTC Switch","authors":"Lin Lin,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1002/hec.4952","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4952","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the impact of marketing status on brand-name pricing by exploiting Prescription to over-the-counter (Rx-to-OTC) switches between 2001 and 2016. Using a Stacked difference-in-differences design, we find that the retail prices of brand-name drugs reduce substantially following an Rx-to-OTC switch, while accounting for potential confounding factors related to patent expiration and generic entry. We show that the reduction in branded prices is primarily driven by increases in patient price elasticity in the OTC market. These results highlight the need to improve patient price sensitivity to address the rising prices of brand-name prescription drugs in the United States, especially those with characteristics similar to over-the-counter drugs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 6","pages":"1064-1084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategic Coding in the Assessment of Long-Term Care Needs: Evidence From France 长期护理需求评估中的策略编码：来自法国的证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4950
Delphine Roy
{"title":"Strategic Coding in the Assessment of Long-Term Care Needs: Evidence From France","authors":"Delphine Roy","doi":"10.1002/hec.4950","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4950","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is strong evidence of “upcoding” whereby health care providers overstate the severity of disease to increase billing revenue. Much less is known about strategic coding in the assessment of patient eligibility for long-term care. This paper takes advantage of a unique French linked survey dataset to document how patient assessment depends critically on the incentives of the assessing agents. I find that nursing homes assess their patients to be more disabled (thus increasing their revenue) compared to community assessors who seek to minimize disability payments levels. Public hospital-owned long-term care facilities are more likely to overrate disability levels; there is also evidence that cognitively impaired or socially disadvantaged patients exhibit more disability upcoding. In the context of nursing homes, upcoding might be read as “side-coding,” driven by flaws in the assessment tool that does not allow the care provider to adequately fund the time they spend on these patients. Conversely, assessors of patients living in the community could downcode disability to shift some of the care tasks to informal caregivers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 6","pages":"1035-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Power of Presence: The Impact of Paternity Leave on Child Health in China 存在的力量：中国陪产假对儿童健康的影响。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4947
Xiaoman Li, Yu Fu, Ailin Mao
{"title":"The Power of Presence: The Impact of Paternity Leave on Child Health in China","authors":"Xiaoman Li,&nbsp;Yu Fu,&nbsp;Ailin Mao","doi":"10.1002/hec.4947","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4947","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on multi-source data, this study uses a cross-regional and birth-cohort variation to construct a cross-sectional difference-in-differences model analyzing the impact of paternity leave (PL) policies on children’s health outcomes, and explores underlying mechanism. The study finds that PL polices significantly improve children’s health, with parallel trends tests and placebo tests demonstrating strong robustness of these findings. Further research reveals that PL can improve children’s health through three pathways: encouraging fathers’ involvement in childcare, increasing medical expenditure, and forming reasonable family labor division. Meanwhile, the policy shows significant heterogeneous effects on children’s health outcomes across different family sizes and father’s job types. Finally, this study further explores various factors affecting the implementation of PL, aiming to provide empirical evidence for policy-makers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 6","pages":"1015-1034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spillovers From Medicaid Contraceptive Use to Non-Medicaid Patients: Evidence From New York 医疗补助避孕对非医疗补助患者的溢出效应：来自纽约的证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4945
Kevin Callison, Marisa Carlos, Barton Willage
{"title":"Spillovers From Medicaid Contraceptive Use to Non-Medicaid Patients: Evidence From New York","authors":"Kevin Callison,&nbsp;Marisa Carlos,&nbsp;Barton Willage","doi":"10.1002/hec.4945","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4945","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines spillovers from a 2014 New York Medicaid policy change that increased reimbursement for immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) insertion. Using administrative data on hospital deliveries from 2011 through 2019, we analyze whether physicians who inserted immediate postpartum LARCs for Medicaid patients following the policy change were more likely to subsequently perform the procedure on non-Medicaid patients. We find significant spillovers, as physicians who first perform an immediate postpartum Medicaid LARC insertion following the 2014 payment reform are 9.3 percentage points more likely to perform immediate postpartum non-Medicaid LARC insertions; an association that increases with the physician's share of Medicaid deliveries. To distinguish between physician-specific and hospital-specific factors driving spillovers, we compare physicians within the same hospital-year. Results indicate approximately half the spillover is due to physician-specific factors and half to hospital-specific factors. Our findings highlight how targeted reimbursement policies can have broader impacts beyond the intended population and demonstrate the influence of both individual physician behavior and institutional factors in shaping clinical practice patterns. Understanding these spillover dynamics is important for policymakers and healthcare providers aiming to promote effective and equitable contraceptive care across patient populations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 5","pages":"821-826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drug Decriminalization and Fatal Traffic Crashes: Evidence From BM110 in Oregon 毒品合法化和致命交通事故：来自俄勒冈州BM110的证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4944
Christian Gunadi, Yuyan Shi
{"title":"Drug Decriminalization and Fatal Traffic Crashes: Evidence From BM110 in Oregon","authors":"Christian Gunadi,&nbsp;Yuyan Shi","doi":"10.1002/hec.4944","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4944","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oregon Ballot Measure 110 (BM 110) reduced the penalties for non-commercial possession of a controlled substance, downgrading them from a felony or misdemeanor to a new Class E violation, punishable by a maximum $100 fine. In this paper, we investigate whether BM 110 was associated with changes in drug-related fatal traffic crashes in Oregon after its implementation in February 2021. To do so, we used Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data from 2018 to 2021 to calculate population-adjusted state-level drug-related fatal traffic crashes. We also employed a modified synthetic control method to create a “synthetic” Oregon, designed to closely resemble the state's pre-policy sociodemographic characteristics and outcome trends while correcting for time-invariant pre-policy differences. The findings show that BM 110 was not associated with changes in drug-related fatal traffic crashes per 100,000 population (0.114, 95% CI: −0.106, 0.334). These results suggest that the implementation of BM 110 did not change drug-related fatal traffic crashes in Oregon in the early period following its adoption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 5","pages":"815-820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effects of Resigning GPs on Patient Healthcare Utilization and Some Implications for Health 全科医生离职对病人医疗保健利用的影响及其对健康的启示。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4941
Daniel Monsees, Matthias Westphal
{"title":"The Effects of Resigning GPs on Patient Healthcare Utilization and Some Implications for Health","authors":"Daniel Monsees,&nbsp;Matthias Westphal","doi":"10.1002/hec.4941","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4941","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the effects of general practitioners' (GPs') resignations on their patients' healthcare utilization and diagnoses in an event-study setting. Using claims data from a large German statutory health insurance, we find that after physicians leave, their former patients persistently reduce their primary care utilization, only partially substituting it with specialist visits and hospital care. Because patients find a new GP already 1.1 quarters after the old resigns, on average, the persistent effects must be explained through the new GP. Indeed, the new GP serves more patients but performs less diagnostic testing. Our results reveal a substantial decrease in diagnoses of many relevant chronic conditions (such as congestive heart failure and diabetes), suggesting that disruptions may have adverse consequences for the efficiency of the healthcare system. This indicates that continuity in primary care is pivotal and shows that the GP has an essential role in healthcare delivery, particularly in healthcare systems such as Germany, where GPs often have a high workload and little consultation time.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 5","pages":"932-955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hec.4941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe 欧洲成人非正式护理的潜在价值。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4928
Joan Costa-Font, Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto
{"title":"The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe","authors":"Joan Costa-Font,&nbsp;Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto","doi":"10.1002/hec.4928","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hidden value of adult informal care (IC) refers to the unaccounted value of informal care in overall costs of long-term care (LTC) estimates. This paper estimates the net value of adult IC in Europe, drawing on a well-being-based methodology. We use an instrumental variable strategy and a longitudinal and cross-country dataset to estimate the causal effect of the extensive and intensive margin of caregiving on subjective well-being. We estimate the so-called compensating surplus (CS), namely the income equivalent transfer, to compensate for the net disutility of caregiving. We show that IC reduces average subjective well-being by about 1% compared to the mean (6% among co-residential caregivers). Relative to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the value of IC ranges between 4.2% in France and 0.85% in Germany. Such relative value declines as the country's share of formal LTC spending increases. These results call for a reconsideration of the existing classifications of LTC regimes. We estimate that the average CS per hour for IC is 9.55€, with a range from 22€ per hour in Switzerland to 5€ per hour in Spain. Additionally, we estimate that the long-term CS (estimated using an individual’s permanent income) tends to be lower than short-term CS (estimated using an individual’s current income).</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 4","pages":"791-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hec.4928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Daylight Saving Time and Automobile Accidents: Evidence From Chile 日光节约时间和汽车事故：来自智利的证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4936
Roberto Gillmore
{"title":"Daylight Saving Time and Automobile Accidents: Evidence From Chile","authors":"Roberto Gillmore","doi":"10.1002/hec.4936","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Under the evidence that the Daylight Saving Time (DST) regime does not accomplish its primary goal of saving energy, I analyze one of the main side effects, automobile accidents in Chile between 2002 and 2018. I use a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) exploiting the discrete nature of the transition into DST and a Difference-in-Difference (DID) approach, taking advantage of the changes in dates that the policy starts and ends over the years. I find a 2.7% reduction in automobile accidents under the DST regime. I isolate the two main mechanisms: sleep disruption and the reallocation of light. I find suggestive evidence that the sleep disruption effect plays a relevant role at both transitions: it increases automobile accidents by 6% the first week following the transition into DST and decreases them by 3.9% the first week following the transition into Standard Time (ST). I also find evidence that ambient light reduces serious and fatal accident risk.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 5","pages":"880-931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health Shock Effects on Diet: More Severe Shock—Stronger Response? 健康冲击对饮食的影响：更严重的冲击-更强的反应？
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4940
Anna Kristina Edenbrandt, Kim Wadt Skak-Hansen, Sinne Smed
{"title":"Health Shock Effects on Diet: More Severe Shock—Stronger Response?","authors":"Anna Kristina Edenbrandt,&nbsp;Kim Wadt Skak-Hansen,&nbsp;Sinne Smed","doi":"10.1002/hec.4940","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4940","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate whether the severity of lifestyle-related health shocks affects the response in dietary patterns. Using data from official patient registers in Denmark, we analyze the effects from strong health shock (SHS) occurrences (cardiovascular disease) and mild health shock (MHS) occurrences (arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia). These data are combined with scanner data on food purchases obtained from a consumer panel. Our analysis examines dietary effects stemming from these health shocks, including various nutrients, food groups, and overall adherence to dietary guidelines. Our findings reveal immediate dietary responses to both severe and mild health shocks, with a larger effect observed for SHS compared to MHS. However, among individuals previously exposed to mild health shocks, we observe minimal to no alteration in food consumption after experiencing a SHS. We argue that failing to account for this potential self-selection may lead to a misconception that severe health shocks do not result in dietary improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 5","pages":"869-879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hec.4940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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