Headache最新文献

{"title":"Taking the history for suspected spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: A narrative review.","authors":"Deborah I Friedman","doi":"10.1111/head.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, including spontaneous intracranial hypotension, can be difficult to diagnose, requiring a high level of suspicion. Although the diagnosis is obvious in patients presenting with a new onset of coat hanger, orthostatic headaches that improve quickly in recumbence, the symptoms can be much more nuanced. Patients often experience misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis, particularly if their brain imaging is negative, resulting in a severely impacted quality of life. Thus, it is incumbent for clinicians to be aware of both common and uncommon manifestations of spinal CSF leaks and to consider the possibility of a spinal CSF leak in patients with atypical symptoms, chronic migraine unresponsive to multiple treatments, or new daily persistent headache. This article provides a strategy for taking a medical history focused on CSF leak symptoms to help improve diagnostic accuracy and initiate appropriate testing. Examples and a list of topics to discuss are included.</p>","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the study design and criteria used for status migrainosus research: A systematic review.","authors":"Joshua M Ransick, Jelena Pejic, Lisa Marks, Juliana H VanderPluym","doi":"10.1111/head.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/head.70201","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The goal of this study was to synthesize the evidence on how \"status migrainosus\" is defined in research studies in comparison to established International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Current ICHD-3 criteria define status migrainosus as a headache attack occurring in a patient with a history of migraine with or without aura that is typical of previous attacks except for its duration (&gt;72 h) and severity (debilitating). Despite the ICHD criteria, there are varying inclusion criteria noted in studies enrolling patients with status migrainosus. With this diagnostic uncertainty, there remains difficulty in studying this patient population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, All Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched with the end search date of August 29, 2025. We included studies that were original research focused on status migrainosus, published in English after January 1, 1988, and also included diagnostic criteria to define this condition. The abstracts and full texts were screened by independent reviewers, with a third independent reviewer remaining available to settle disputes. There were 45 studies that underwent full text review, with 19 of these studies included. Data extraction was conducted recording the criteria used to define status migrainosus, headache characteristics, and goals of each study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We identified four common domains among studies of status migrainosus, including use of ICHD criteria, headache duration, symptom severity, and treatment response. Reference to ICHD criteria was variable, with only 68% (13/19) of studies specifying an edition of ICHD criteria applied in recruiting or studying patients with status migrainosus. The majority of studies (16/19; 84%) used a headache duration greater than 72 h to define status migrainosus. The use of symptom severity with \"debilitating\" or \"severe\" was present in 63% (12/19) of studies and depended on the edition of ICHD criteria that was referenced. Treatment response was rarely used as a condition in defining status migrainosus, with only 15% (3/19) of studies utilizing this stipulation in diagnostic criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The results of this systematic review show inconsistent application of ICHD criteria in research studies focusing on status migrainosus. These inconsistencies lead to ambiguity in how status migrainosus is defined in the research setting and limit the ability to replicate or compare studies. Guidelines outlining best practices for research of status migrainosus are necessary. For prospective studies, consistent u","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How are migraine-related stigma, psychological factors, and disability related? A cross-sectional investigation of associational patterns.","authors":"Felicitas A Huber, Elizabeth K Seng, Emily C Willroth, Parker A Kell, Rachel S Darken, Hadas Nahman-Averbuch, Robert E Shapiro, Namrata N Vasquez, Matthew C Morris, Burel R Goodin","doi":"10.1111/head.70183","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess patterns of statistical associations among migraine stigma, psychological factors, and disability during the active migraine attack phase (the ictal disability burden) and in between attacks (the interictal disability burden).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous work suggests perceived stigma toward migraine is an important contributor to migraine disability. Yet, it is currently unclear how migraine stigma is connected to disability and vice versa. Psychological distress factors (i.e., perceived stress, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and pain catastrophizing) are putative variables that might contribute to associations between stigma and disability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a web-based cross-sectional survey study of 103 American adults with active migraine conducted during 2024 to 2025. Relationships among perceived migraine-related stigma, perceived stress, anxiety and depression symptoms, pain catastrophizing, ictal disability, and interictal disability were assessed. Information was collected using a battery of questionnaires including the Migraine-Related Stigma questionnaire, MIDAS, Migraine Interictal Burden Scale-4, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (headache version), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Perceived Stress Scale-4. Associational variable analysis, an alternative framework for nonexperimental cross-sectional mediation studies, was used to examine associational patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived stress was shown to partially account for variance between perceived migraine stigma and ictal disability (effect = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.01, 0.24]), whereas pain catastrophizing was found to partially account for the association between stigma and interictal disability (effect = 0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.09]). Transposing stigma and disability to examine reverse associations, perceived stress was found to partially account for the ictal disability-stigma association (effect = 0.03, 95% CI [0.0002, 0.07]), whereas depressive symptoms (effect = 0.25, 95% CI [0.04, 0.54]) and pain catastrophizing (effect = 0.44, 95% CI [0.11, 0.91]) were shown to partially account for associations between interictal disability and stigma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among psychological variables examined, perceived stress and pain catastrophizing carried significant portions of stigma's relationship with ictal and interictal disability, respectively. Moreover, perceived stress (ictally) and depression symptoms/pain catastrophizing (interictally) accounted for portions of disability's relationship with stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight loss with atogepant in the long-term treatment of migraine: An interim analysis of a safety endpoint from a phase 3, multicenter, open-label, 156-week extension study.","authors":"Dale S Bond, Jonathan H Smith, Alexandra Sinclair, Peter J Goadsby, Jessica Ailani, Yingyi Liu, Rosa De Abreu Ferreira, Brett Dabruzzo, Joel M Trugman, B Lee Peterlin","doi":"10.1111/head.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess weight loss with atogepant 60 mg once daily during long-term treatment of chronic migraine (CM) and episodic migraine (EM) among participants previously failed by two to four classes of conventional oral preventive medications.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of migraine, including CM, in individuals with obesity is higher than in those without obesity. Calcitonin gene-related peptide has been linked to the pathophysiology of both obesity and migraine. Weight loss with atogepant, a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine, has been observed during the 12-week EM and CM trials, as well as in long-term (40- or 52-week) EM trials. Long-term effects of atogepant on body weight in participants with increased migraine burden (i.e., EM or CM) have not been reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this interim analysis of a safety endpoint from study 312, a phase 3, open-label, extension study, weight loss was assessed in the overall population and by prior participation in each lead-in study (12-week double-blind treatment period): PROGRESS (phase 3, multicenter, randomized, controlled study in CM) or ELEVATE (phase 3, multicenter, randomized, controlled study in EM treatment failure). Change from baseline in body weight at each study visit through end of treatment (PROGRESS and ELEVATE) or up to week 52 (study 312) was assessed (safety endpoint). Proportions of participants with ≥5% weight loss at any time, at the end of the lead-in study, or at week 52 in study 312 were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants from PROGRESS (n = 325) and ELEVATE (n = 270) rolled over to study 312 (n = 595) and were treated with atogepant 60 mg once daily. In study 312, mean (standard deviation) body weight decreased over time (-2.16 kg [5.89 kg; -4.76 lb] at week 52), with 44.8% (265/592) of participants experiencing a ≥5% weight loss at any time during the study and 29.5% (140/474) experiencing a ≥5% weight loss at week 52. In study 312, weight loss from lead-in study baseline was evident as early as week 4 and appeared to plateau around weeks 28 to 36, reaching a maximum numerical weight loss at week 44. Higher baseline body mass index was associated with greater odds of achieving ≥5% weight loss both at any time and at week 52. No significant effect of sex, race, adverse drug reactions, or therapeutic response to treatment was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants receiving atogepant 60 mg once daily for long-term preventive treatment of migraine were observed to have a decrease in mean body weight after 1 year of open-label treatment. Approximately 30% of participants experienced a clinically meaningful (≥5%) weight loss threshold after 1 year of open-label treatment. Future studies are needed to further characterize the mechanisms of weight loss associated with atogepant treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":"1730-1740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/head.70156","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":"1933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic uncertainty in severe continuous headache: Examining the overlap between status migrainosus, new daily persistent headache, and refractory migraine.","authors":"Hayley Striegel, Jennifer Robblee","doi":"10.1111/head.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":"1920-1922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of IV metoclopramide + diphenhydramine on post-concussion symptoms. A secondary analysis of data from an ED-based randomized study.","authors":"Victoria Cao, Elimelech Strassman, Andrew Chertoff, Alexis Cortijo-Brown, Michael McGregor, Andrew R Williams, Michael P Jones, Benjamin W Friedman","doi":"10.1111/head.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70119","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, intravenous metoclopramide 20 mg + diphenhydramine 25 mg (M+D) improved post-concussion symptoms 1 h later among patients seeking care in an emergency department (ED) following head trauma. We performed a secondary hypothesis-generating analysis of those data to determine whether M+D is effective against cognitive and affective symptoms in addition to somatic symptoms, and whether post-treatment symptomatology is associated with 1-week and 1-month outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We enrolled patients in two urban EDs in the Bronx, NY. Enrollment commenced in August 2017 and concluded in March 2020. Patients were included in the initial randomized controlled trial if they experienced head trauma and reported a new onset headache of at least moderate or severe intensity. We assessed post-concussion symptoms at 1 h, 1 week, and 1 month after treatment using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), a 22-item instrument on which each symptom is graded as zero (none) through 6 (severe). We determined the impact of treatment, time, and their interaction on PCSS score. We repeated this analysis among the somatic, cognitive, and affective domains of the PCSS scale. Finally, we determined if post-treatment PCSS scores in the ED were associated with any severe symptom 1 week and 1 month later.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Eighty-one participants received M+D; of those, 30 (37.0%) were female. Their mean age was 43.3 (standard deviation 16.1) years. All 81 provided 1-h data; 72 (89.9%) provided 1-week data; and 61 (75.3%) provided 1-month data. Seventy-nine received placebo; of those, 23 (29.1%) were female. Their mean age was 45.7 (SD 17.3) years. All 79 provided 1-h data; 67 (84.8%) provided 1-week data; and 54 (68.4%) 1-month data. At 1 h, the overall mean PCSS score was 20.8 (SD 20.2); at 1 week it was 17.4 (SD 23.0); and at 1 month it was 19.5 (SD 27.7). Participants who received M+D reported lower post-concussion symptom scores on the PCSS at 1 h (9.2 units lower, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0, 16.4) but not at 1 week (7.2, 95% CI: -0.4, 14.9) or 1 month (2.4, 95% CI: -5.9, 10.8). In the main mixed-effects model, there was a significant effect of treatment (p = 0.008), indicating overall lower PCSS scores in the M+D group across follow-up, although not for time (p = 0.289) or treatment-by-time interaction (p = 0.175). The treatment effect remained significant in the affective (p = 0.002) and cognitive (0.010) domains. PCSS scores prior to ED discharge were associated with severe symptoms at 1 week (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04), but not 1 month (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.04).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In this exploratory secondary analysis, M+D improved post-concussive symptoms 1 h after treatment, including affective and cognitive post-concussion symptoms. PCSS scores after treatment are associated with 1-week but not 1-mon","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":"1859-1867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148204618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiamine deficiency in patients with chronic migraine: A case-control study.","authors":"Sanjay Prakash, Varoon Vadodaria, Manju Yadav, Sujal Mahendrabhai Patel","doi":"10.1111/head.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives/background: </strong>Thiamine deficiency is well recognized in several neurological disorders, and subclinical deficiency has been associated with nonspecific symptoms, including headache. However, thiamine deficiency is not currently recognized as a cause of headache in standard headache classifications. Chronic migraine (CM) is often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and reduced appetite, which may influence nutritional intake and micronutrient status, including thiamine depletion. These factors raise the possibility of an interaction between migraine and thiamine status. Our objectives were to compare serum thiamine levels in patients with CM and matched healthy controls and to explore whether low thiamine levels are associated with CM and related clinical features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational case-control study conducted at a tertiary care neurology center in Vadodara, India, between May 2024 and October 2025, 100 adults with CM diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. Controls were frequency matched for age and sex. Fasting serum thiamine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between thiamine levels and CM, including dose-response relationships, were evaluated using regression models adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean serum thiamine levels were significantly lower in patients with CM than in controls (52.4 ± 22.5 vs. 83.8 ± 18.6 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Thiamine levels <30 nmol/L were independently associated with CM (adjusted odds ratio=4.9, 95% CI = 2.1-11.7, p < 0.001). In a continuous sensitivity analysis, each 10 nmol/L decrease in serum thiamine was associated with higher odds of CM (adjusted odds ratio = 5.3, 95% CI = 3.4-8.3, p < 0.001). Patients with low thiamine levels had longer disease duration (13.6 ± 6.2 vs. 10.4 ± 5.3, p < 0.010), more headache days per month (20.7 ± 5.0 vs. 18.0 ± 3.6, p < 0.020), and a higher frequency of symptoms such as fatigue (81% vs. 41%, p < 0.001), dizziness (69% vs. 40%, p < 0.001), disturbed sleep (84% vs. 41%, p < 0.001), and abdominal pain (75% vs. 41%, p 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low serum thiamine levels are significantly associated with CM and greater disease burden. These findings support a potential relationship between thiamine status and migraine-related factors, although causality cannot be established. Further research is required to clarify whether thiamine deficiency represents a consequence of CM or contributes to migraine-related biological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":"1868-1877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online interest in calcitonin gene-related peptide-therapies: An infodemiology study using Google trends.","authors":"Bradley Ong, Jad El Ahdab, Nicolas Thompson, Maithili Bhagat, John Ney, Allison L Weathers","doi":"10.1111/head.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70136","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate changes in public interest in calcitonin gene-related peptide therapies associated with major product lifecycle milestones using online search data from the United States and Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Calcitonin gene-related peptide therapies have transformed migraine treatment, but the impact of key product lifecycle milestones on public awareness remains unclear. As patients increasingly turn to online platforms for health information, events such as trial publications, regulatory approvals, commercial launches, and advertising campaigns may drive search activity and signal broader awareness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a retrospective ecological infodemiology study using a quasi-experimental interrupted time-series design with monthly Google Trends data (January 2017-July 2025). Search volume index (0-100 scale) was assessed for seven CGRP-therapies. Milestone events (trial publications, regulatory approvals, commercial launches, and media exposure) were defined a priori as potential drivers of digital impact. We evaluated immediate and sustained changes in search interest following major milestones over time. The primary analysis included all therapies in the United States; secondary analyses evaluated erenumab across five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the United States, commercial launch was associated with significant immediate increases in search interest for erenumab (β = 102.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17.05-188.02, p = 0.021) and galcanezumab (brand search term) (β = 42.36; 95% CI, 15.80-68.91, p = 0.002). Sustained post-launch growth was observed for fremanezumab (brand search term) (β = +0.50/month; 95% CI, 0.27-0.73, p &lt; 0.001), eptinezumab (β = +0.45/month; 95% CI, 0.26-0.64, p &lt; 0.001), rimegepant (brand search term) (β = +0.97/month; 95% CI, 0.47-1.47, p &lt; 0.001), atogepant (brand search term) (β = +1.28/month; 95% CI, 0.70-1.85, p &lt; 0.001), and ubrogepant (brand search term) (β = +0.59/month; 95% CI, 0.42-0.77, p &lt; 0.001). Media exposure was associated with significant immediate increases for erenumab (β = 94.33; 95% CI, 11.17-177.50, p = 0.029) and ubrogepant (β = 29.77; 95% CI, 11.12-48.41, p = 0.003). Regulatory approvals and trial publications were not consistently associated with significant changes in search interest. In Europe, commercial launch was associated with significant immediate increases for erenumab (generic search term) in Italy (β = 126.82; 95% CI, 62.12-191.52, p &lt; 0.001), erenumab (brand search term) in Italy (β = 142.98; 95% CI, 23.88-262.08, p = 0.021) and the United Kingdom (β = 69.44; 95% CI, 6.71-132.16, p = 0.033). Post-launch trends were generally negative across countries, indicating gradual declines after initial spikes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Commercial launch was the most consistent driver of public search interest in CGRP-targe","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":"1788-1800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"Redundant pharmacovigilance disproportionality analyses: Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis\".","authors":"Martina Giacon, Salvatore Terrazzino","doi":"10.1111/head.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/head.70129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12844,"journal":{"name":"Headache","volume":" ","pages":"1720-1721"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}