A. Moustafa, N. Messiha, A. El-Malawany, M. El-Messiry, M. Shafik
{"title":"Classical active noise control technique","authors":"A. Moustafa, N. Messiha, A. El-Malawany, M. El-Messiry, M. Shafik","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711519","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive theoretical investigation of a single input/single output (SISO) and a single input/multioutput (SIMO) active noise control system is presented. 'Classical' active noise control (CANC) where secondary sources act in antiphase with the primary noise source represents the bulk of this work. Previous studies concentrate mainly on the practical aspect of particular problems using analog devices without suggesting any algorithm that can be used to solve those problems using a PC. This was taken into consideration in the present study in which a digital model is developed and an algorithm is designed particularly to improve the noise reduction (NR) by taking into account the medium specification, the frequency response of the transducers (microphone and loudspeaker), the noise distribution and the separation distance between the sources. Two cases are studied. The first considers a single loudspeaker (SISO) and the second considers two loudspeakers (SIMO) which is known as Swinbank's source. The main results are: first, the ability for use with narrow band and wide band noise. Second, the transducers which were modeled as digital filters must have flat frequency response. Third, high degrees of noise reduction were obtained using multioutput devices. Fourth, the cancellation degree is a function of phase and amplitude for a single harmonic as well as the frequency of wide band noise. Fifth, a good noise reduction can be obtained over a long distance of the medium with accurate adjustment of the separation distance between the primary and secondary sources.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123036587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New approach for the fault diagnosis of linear analog networks","authors":"M. Rizk, M.Y. Yacout","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711501","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents two new theories for the fault diagnosis of the linear analog networks of unknown impedance matrices but of known terminal (port) voltages. The concept of the companion network is proposed to fault diagnose the network under test. The impedance matrices of the nominal network and its companion network constitute two overdetermined systems of equations with the two corresponding network port voltage vectors. The idea is based on the block dependency between the nominal impedance matrix of the network under test and the impedance matrix of its companion network after excluding the circuit element or subnetwork under test. If the companion impedance matrix is consistent with the measured port voltage vector, then, the nominal impedance matrix corresponding to the circuit element or subnetwork under test must also be consistent with the same measured port voltage vector which means that this circuit element is faulty or is one of the entities of the ambiguity fault set. By this way all circuit elements can be tested using the companion network only.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131567672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Network representation of gyrotron oscillator using frequency-domain analysis","authors":"O. Abo-Elnor","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711505","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the classical oscillator theory is applied to the gyrotron using frequency-domain analysis. According to this theory, the gyrotron-now as an oscillator-is divided into active and passive subnetworks. Equivalent load admittance and device admittance are then defined to describe the linear and nonlinear parts of the oscillator. The equivalent operating point that controls the operation of the gyrotron is dependent not only on the biasing conditions, but also on the physical dimensions of the gyrotron cavity. The effects of operating point parameters on the possible amplitude and frequency variations are studied using frequency-domain analysis. This makes it possible to save both effort and time for the required repetitive calculations used to predict the behavior of the gyrotron for a proper design process. It is much easier and more accurate to study the gyrotron operation using frequency-domain analysis rather than classical time-domain analysis.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130369810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of material selection methods for lead-frame package encapsulation of integrated circuits","authors":"W. Boulos, H. Ragaie, S. Sakr, N. El-Mahallawy","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711516","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a comparative study of material selection methods as applied to lead-frame package encapsulation of integrated circuits. The chart selection method has been found to be a suitable solution to find the nearest material fulfilling the property constraints on materials.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130753702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel secure image coding scheme using fractal transformation","authors":"S. El-Khamy, H. Abdou","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711485","url":null,"abstract":"Lossy image coding by partitioned iterated function systems (PIFS), popularly known as fractal image compression, has become an active area of research. In this technique an image is encoded as a set of contractive transformations which represent the image compactly and produce an approximation to the original image. In this paper, we present a new application of fractal image compression in addition to obtaining high compression ratios and resolution independence. In particular, we present a novel secure image-coding scheme for still images based on encrypting some parameters in the contractive fractal transformation. This is done such that the end user or customer gets only a partially readable image of low quality. After being attracted by the image, he may access the full clear image upon request. In this case, the distributor will supply the customer with a simple key to retrieve the clear image from the low qualify one. The proposed technique is highly secure and, in addition, it provides a relatively high compression of the amount of information and bandwidth needed to transmit still images.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127943633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of axial-mode helix without a ground plane","authors":"S. Zainud-Deen","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711450","url":null,"abstract":"The version of helical antenna in which the ground plane is replaced by an adjacent loop and two parasitic loops (HAWGP) is investigated. The dimensions of the structure are optimized to give maximum front to back ratio in the field pattern. The numerical results are compared with that of the balanced helical (BH) antenna. Using the moment method, the current distribution along the antenna is determined. The radiation characteristics are calculated on the basis of the obtained current distribution. Also, the frequency response of the input impedance, axial ratio, and power gain are investigated.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129483455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient techniques of sampling circular aperture distributions for ring array synthesis","authors":"S. El-Khamy, A.-E.-F.A. Abou-Hashem","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711455","url":null,"abstract":"The sampling of circular apertures with continuous distributions using discrete feeding in the form of ring arrays is considered in this paper. The generally complicated continuous aperture-feeding problem is thus transformed to simply determining the array excitation coefficients. Most of previous sampling techniques were based on discretizing apertures into rectangular grids (cells). The feeding coefficient of the corresponding array element is either taken as the actual value of the corresponding continuous aperture feeding (conventional sampling (CS)) or as the average value among the cell area (integrated sampling (IS)). We have extended this technique to synthesize concentric ring arrays with special geometry with either CS or IS feeding. The rings are discretized into radial sectors each with either equal or unequal areas. The proposed techniques have some advantages over previously used ones due to the simplicity of calculating the feeding coefficients and in using fewer array elements, in general. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed aperture sampling techniques give approximations of the required far field patterns for many types of aperture feeding including uniform, linear taper, parabolic taper and Taylor distributions. A detailed comparative study with other techniques is also presented.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122153944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An optimum design of an ultrasonic transducer array for medical imaging","authors":"S. El-sherbiny, E. Shafei","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711525","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is shown how to optimize an ultrasonic transducer array system, such that each array element receives a maximum reflected signal from that part of the object (to be imaged) which is directly lying in front of it, while it receives the minimum signal from the rest of the object. According to this concept, it is expected that the image quality will become better. Also, it is shown that the object should not lie directly in contact with the array, but it rather should be at a certain specific distance in order to get a maximum 'useful' signal. Thus if a coplanar circular receiving transducer is moved away from an identical transmitting one, it is shown that the receiving transducer passes by successive positions of maximum and minimum echoes which are induced by a flat metallic reflector situated at a predetermined specific distance. The first point of minimum echo is taken to be the optimum position for the receiving transducer when designing a transducer matrix for imaging applications. Theoretical as well as experimental results are obtained and compared with each other, and a rather fair coincidence is found between both kinds of results.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"28 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120862098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design considerations for low sidelobe levels for rectangular microstrip array antennas","authors":"M. Alfaouri","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711447","url":null,"abstract":"The impetus for this research is the hypothesis that certain techniques, using simple mathematical procedures, as well as rigorous techniques can be used to determine and analyze the effect of partial nonuniform spacing on sidelobe performance of the rectangular microstrip array antenna. An extensive literature survey, conducted in order to shed some light on this particular subject, has yielded a sparsity of work addressing this issue, indicating a need for further research. This paper describes a study of the relative performance of the far field radiation pattern using different methods from the view point of reducing the sidelobe levels. Also, the implementation of the fractional change for nonuniform spacing to reduce the sidelobe levels is introduced. Detailed formulation and the computational procedures are presented and compared. Moreover, it is confirmed that, the field pattern can be calculated by the principle of pattern multiplication (PM) as well as by full wave analysis.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121593823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid wavelet transform and MPEG-1 video coding system","authors":"E. Youssef, S.E. El-Nahas, I. Ahmed, M. Moussa","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1998.711486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1998.711486","url":null,"abstract":"Wavelet transforms (WTs) have been widely used in still image compression, while MPEG-1 is a widely used video compression standard. In this paper, we investigate the effect of combining both techniques to produce a video stream with higher compression than MPEG-1 and with comparable picture quality. The proposed system maintains the MPEG-1 system without any internal modifications. The addition of the WT to MPEG-1 achieved a compression ratio improvement factor up to 1.5.","PeriodicalId":128355,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '98 (Cat. No.98EX109)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133936159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}