Genetical research最新文献_第6页

Microsatellites reveal extensive geographical, ecological and genetic contacts between invasive and indigenous whitefly biotypes in an insular environment. 微卫星揭示了岛屿环境中入侵和本地白蝇生物型之间广泛的地理、生态和遗传联系。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306008135

H Delatte, P David, M Granier, J M Lett, R Goldbach, M Peterschmitt, B Reynaud

{"title":"Microsatellites reveal extensive geographical, ecological and genetic contacts between invasive and indigenous whitefly biotypes in an insular environment.","authors":"H Delatte, P David, M Granier, J M Lett, R Goldbach, M Peterschmitt, B Reynaud","doi":"10.1017/S0016672306008135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672306008135","url":null,"abstract":"Human-mediated bioinvasions provide the opportunity to study the early stages of contact between formerly allopatric, divergent populations of a species. However, when invasive and resident populations are morphologically similar, it may be very difficult to assess their distribution in the field, as well as the extent of ecological overlap and genetic exchanges between invasive and resident populations. We here illustrate the use of data obtained from a set of eight microsatellite markers together with Bayesian clustering methods to document invasions in a group of major tropical pests, Bemisia tabaci, which comprises several morphologically indistinguishable biotypes with different agronomic impacts. We focus on the island of La Réunion, where an invasive biotype (B) has recently been introduced and now interacts with the resident biotype (Ms). The temporal and spatial distribution, host-plant range and genetic structure of both biotypes are investigated. We showed (i) that, without prior information, clustering methods separate two groups of individuals that can safely be identified as the B and Ms biotypes; (ii) that the B biotype has invaded all regions of the island, and showed no signs of genetic founder effect relative to the Ms biotype; (iii) that the B and Ms biotypes coexist in sympatry throughout most of their geographical ranges, although they tend to segregate into different host plants; and finally (iv) that asymmetrical and locus-specific introgression occurs between the two biotypes when they are in syntopy.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"87 2","pages":"109-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672306008135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26032503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

On the need for combining complementary analyses to assess the effect of a candidate gene and the evolution of its polymorphism: the example of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in chicken. 结合互补分析评估候选基因影响及其多态性进化的必要性:以鸡主要组织相容性复合体为例。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-04-01 Epub Date: 2006-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306008044

Valerie Loywyck, Marie-Helene Pinard-van der Laan, Isabelle Goldringer, Etienne Verrier

{"title":"On the need for combining complementary analyses to assess the effect of a candidate gene and the evolution of its polymorphism: the example of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in chicken.","authors":"Valerie Loywyck, Marie-Helene Pinard-van der Laan, Isabelle Goldringer, Etienne Verrier","doi":"10.1017/S0016672306008044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672306008044","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to combine different but complementary approaches to check the neutrality of a given locus in a selected population. Analysis was undertaken through the polymorphism's evolution compared with that predicted under the effect of drift and through the analysis of the variance components of the measured traits, considering the effect of the locus as either a fixed or a random effect. This study deals with the case of the MHC locus, using both data from experimental lines of chicken selected for three different criteria of immune response, and frequencies of the genotyped haplotypes over time. Both the evolution of the polymorphism and the variance components approach have led to the conclusion that the MHC locus has an effect on the trait affecting antibody production against the Newcastle disease virus. Results have also highlighted the interest in using various methods in the case of low allelic frequencies. However, none of the common hypotheses, overdominance or frequency-dependent selection, was sufficient to explain the observed variation of the MHC polymorphism, which was displayed by the temporal variation of the allelic frequencies.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"87 2","pages":"125-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672306008044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26010023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Comparative gene mapping in Arabidopsis lyrata chromosomes 1 and 2 and the corresponding A. thaliana chromosome 1: recombination rates, rearrangements and centromere location. 拟南芥染色体1和2与拟南芥染色体1的基因定位比较:重组率、重排和着丝粒位置。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306008020

Bengt Hansson, Akira Kawabe, Sonja Preuss, Helmi Kuittinen, Deborah Charlesworth

{"title":"Comparative gene mapping in Arabidopsis lyrata chromosomes 1 and 2 and the corresponding A. thaliana chromosome 1: recombination rates, rearrangements and centromere location.","authors":"Bengt Hansson, Akira Kawabe, Sonja Preuss, Helmi Kuittinen, Deborah Charlesworth","doi":"10.1017/S0016672306008020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672306008020","url":null,"abstract":"To add detail to the genetic map of Arabidopsis lyrata, and compare it with that of A. thaliana, we have developed many additional markers in the A. lyrata linkage groups, LG1 and LG2, corresponding to A. thaliana chromosome 1. We used a newly developed method for marker development for single nucleotide polymorphisms present in gene sequences, plus length differences, to map genes in an A. lyrata family, including variants in several genes close to the A. thaliana centromere 1, providing the first data on the location of an A. lyrata centromere; we discuss the implications for the evolution of chromosome 1 of A. thaliana. With our larger marker density, large rearrangements between the two Arabidopsis species are excluded, except for a large inversion on LG2. This was previously known in Capsella; its presence in A. lyrata suggests that, like most other rearrangements, it probably arose in the A. thaliana lineage. Knowing that marker orders are similar, we can now compare homologous, non-rearranged map distances to test the prediction of more frequent crossing-over in the more inbreeding species. Our results support the previous conclusion of similar distances in the two species for A. lyrata LG1 markers. For LG2 markers, the distances were consistently, but non-significantly, larger in A. lyrata. Given the two species' large DNA content difference, the similarity of map lengths, particularly for LG1, suggests that crossing-over is more frequent across comparable physical distances in the inbreeder, A. thaliana, as predicted.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"87 2","pages":"75-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672306008020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26032501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Aldehyde dehydrogenase is essential for both adult and larval ethanol resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. 醛脱氢酶对黑腹果蝇成虫和幼虫的乙醇抗性均有重要作用。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-04-01 Epub Date: 2006-03-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306008032

James D Fry, Molly Saweikis

引用次数: 41

Quantifying the genomic decay paradox due to Muller's ratchet in human mitochondrial DNA. 量化人类线粒体DNA中穆勒棘轮引起的基因组衰变悖论。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306008123

Laurence Loewe

{"title":"Quantifying the genomic decay paradox due to Muller's ratchet in human mitochondrial DNA.","authors":"Laurence Loewe","doi":"10.1017/S0016672306008123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672306008123","url":null,"abstract":"The observation of high mitochondrial mutation rates in human pedigrees has led to the question of how such an asexual genetic system can survive the accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations caused by Muller's ratchet. I define a null model to quantify in unprecedented detail the threat from extinction caused by Muller's ratchet. This model is general enough to explore the biological significance of Muller's ratchet in various species where its operation has been suspected. For increased precision over a wide range of parameter space I employ individual-based simulations run by evolution@home, the first global computing system for evolutionary biology. After compiling realistic values for the key parameters in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) I find that a surprisingly large range of biologically realistic parameter combinations would lead to the extinction of the human line over a period of 20 million years - if accepted wisdom about mtDNA and Muller's ratchet is correct. The resulting genomic decay paradox complements a similar threat from extinction due to mutation accumulation in nuclear DNA and suggests evaluation of unconventional explanations for long-term persistence. A substantial list of potential solutions is given, including compensatory back mutations, mutation rate heterogeneity and occasional recombination in mtDNA. Future work will have to explore which of these actually solves the paradox. Nonetheless, the results presented here provide yet another reason to minimize anthropogenic increase of mutation rates.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"87 2","pages":"133-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672306008123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26032446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 81

An independent non-linear latitudinal cline for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (alpha- Gpdh ) polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia. 东澳大利亚黑腹果蝇sn-甘油-3-磷酸(α - Gpdh)多态性的独立非线性纬度梯度。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-02-01 Epub Date: 2006-02-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306007919

Paul A Umina, Ary A Hoffmann, Andrew R Weeks, Stephen W McKechnie

{"title":"An independent non-linear latitudinal cline for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (alpha- Gpdh ) polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia.","authors":"Paul A Umina, Ary A Hoffmann, Andrew R Weeks, Stephen W McKechnie","doi":"10.1017/S0016672306007919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672306007919","url":null,"abstract":"Latitudinal variation of the polymorphic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (alpha-Gpdh) locus in Drosophila melanogaster has been characterized on several continents; however, apparent clinal patterns are potentially confounded by linkage with an inversion, close associations with other genetic markers that vary clinally, and a tandem alpha-Gpdh pseudogene. Here we compare clinal patterns in alpha-Gpdh with those of other linked markers by testing field flies from eastern Australian locations collected in two separate years. The alpha-Gpdh variation exhibited a consistent non-linear cline reflecting an increase in the alpha-GpdhF allele at extreme latitudes. This pattern was not influenced by the In(2L)t inversion wherein this locus is located, nor was it influenced by the presence of the alpha-Gpdh pseudogene, whose presence was ubiquitous and highly variable among populations. The alpha-Gpdh pattern was also independent of a cline in allozyme frequencies at the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus, and two length polymorphisms in the Adh gene. These results suggest clinal selection at the alpha-Gpdh locus that is partially or wholly unrelated to linear climatic gradients along the eastern coast of Australia.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"87 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672306007919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25848531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

A recombinational portrait of the Drosophila pseudoobscura genome. 伪眼果蝇基因组的重组图谱。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306007932

Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Audrey S Chang, Mohamed A F Noor

{"title":"A recombinational portrait of the Drosophila pseudoobscura genome.","authors":"Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Audrey S Chang, Mohamed A F Noor","doi":"10.1017/S0016672306007932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672306007932","url":null,"abstract":"Drosophila pseudoobscura has been intensively studied by evolutionary biologists for over 70 years. The recent publication of the genome sequence not only permits studies of comparative genomics with other dipterans but also opens the door to identifying genes associated with adaptive traits or speciation or testing for the signature of natural selection across the genome. Information on regional rates of recombination, localization of inversion breakpoints distinguishing it from its sibling species D. persimilis, and known polymorphic markers may be useful in such studies. Here, we present a molecular linkage map of four of the five major chromosome arms of D. pseudoobscura. In doing so, we order and orient several sequence contig groups, localize the inversion breakpoints on chromosome 2 to intervals of 200 kilobases, and identify one error in the published sequence assembly. Our results show that regional recombination rates in D. pseudoobscura are much higher than in D. melanogaster and significantly higher even than in D. persimilis. Furthermore, we detect a non-significant positive correlation between recombination rate and published DNA sequence variation. Finally, the online Appendix presents 200 primer sequence pairs for molecular markers that can be used for mapping of quantitative trait loci, of which 125 are known to be polymorphic within or between species.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"87 1","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672306007932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25912038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Bayesian analyses of multiple epistatic QTL models for body weight and body composition in mice. 小鼠体重和体组成的多个上位QTL模型的贝叶斯分析。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306007944

Nengjun Yi, Denise K Zinniel, Kyoungmi Kim, Eugene J Eisen, Alfred Bartolucci, David B Allison, Daniel Pomp

{"title":"Bayesian analyses of multiple epistatic QTL models for body weight and body composition in mice.","authors":"Nengjun Yi, Denise K Zinniel, Kyoungmi Kim, Eugene J Eisen, Alfred Bartolucci, David B Allison, Daniel Pomp","doi":"10.1017/S0016672306007944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672306007944","url":null,"abstract":"To comprehensively investigate the genetic architecture of growth and obesity, we performed Bayesian analyses of multiple epistatic quantitative trait locus (QTL) models for body weights at five ages (12 days, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks) and body composition traits (weights of two fat pads and five organs) in mice produced from a cross of the F1 between M16i (selected for rapid growth rate) and CAST/Ei (wild-derived strain of small and lean mice) back to M16i. Bayesian model selection revealed a temporally regulated network of multiple QTL for body weight, involving both strong main effects and epistatic effects. No QTL had strong support for both early and late growth, although overlapping combinations of main and epistatic effects were observed at adjacent ages. Most main effects and epistatic interactions had an opposite effect on early and late growth. The contribution of epistasis was more pronounced for body weights at older ages. Body composition traits were also influenced by an interacting network of multiple QTLs. Several main and epistatic effects were shared by the body composition and body weight traits, suggesting that pleiotropy plays an important role in growth and obesity.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"87 1","pages":"45-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672306007944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25912040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Genetic differentiation of neutral markers and quantitative traits in predominantly selfing metapopulations: confronting theory and experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana. 拟南芥中性标记和数量性状的遗传分化:理论与实验的对抗。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306007920

Emmanuelle Porcher, Tatiana Giraud, Claire Lavigne

{"title":"Genetic differentiation of neutral markers and quantitative traits in predominantly selfing metapopulations: confronting theory and experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Emmanuelle Porcher, Tatiana Giraud, Claire Lavigne","doi":"10.1017/S0016672306007920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672306007920","url":null,"abstract":"The comparison of the genetic differentiation of quantitative traits (QST) and molecular markers (FST) can inform on the strength and spatial heterogeneity of selection in natural populations, provided that markers behave neutrally. However, selection may influence the behaviour of markers in selfing species with strong linkage disequilibria among loci, therefore invalidating this test of detection of selection. We address this issue by monitoring the genetic differentiation of five microsatellite loci (FST) and nine quantitative traits (QST) in experimental metapopulations of the predominantly selfing species Arabidopsis thaliana, that evolved during eight generations. Metapopulations differed with respect to population size and selection heterogeneity. In large populations, the genetic differentiation of neutral microsatellites was much larger under heterogeneous selection than under uniform selection. Using simulations, we show that this influence of selection heterogeneity on FST can be attributable to initial linkage disequilibria among loci, creating stronger genetic differentiation of QTL than expected under a simple additive model with no initial linkage. We found no significant differences between FST and QST regardless of selection heterogeneity, despite a demonstrated effect of selection on QST values. Additional data are required to validate the role of mating system and linkage disequilibria in the joint evolution of neutral and selected genetic differentiation, but our results suggest that FST/QST comparisons can be conservative tests to detect selection in selfing species.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672306007920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25912037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Microsatellites reveal male recombination and neo-sex chromosome formation in Scaptodrosophila hibisci (Drosophilidae). 微卫星揭示了木槿果蝇(果蝇科)雄性重组和新性别染色体的形成。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672306007968

Alex C C Wilson, Paul Sunnucks, D G Bedo, J S F Barker

引用次数: 6