RPJ: Rural Planning Journal最新文献

{"title":"Economic Analysis of Factors Affecting Maize Production in Tanzania: Time Series Analysis","authors":"Abel Moshi, M. Nestory, Bernard Mlilile","doi":"10.59557/vzvysz15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/vzvysz15","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Maize is an important food and income earner for rural and urban dwellers in Tanzania. Despite efforts done by the government and private sector, the yield of maize has remained significantly below the average of less than 2 metric tonnes per hectare. This threatens food insecurity and poverty for rural people. This study analyses the economic factors affecting maize production in Tanzania for a period of 61 years. Time series data on aggregate maize production, fertilizer price, total area under maize cultivation, the total seed used, expected price of maize and average annual rainfall for the period 1961-2020 were analyzed using a vector error correction model. Empirical findings revealed that the total area under maize cultivation, the total seed used and average annual rainfall have a positive relationship with aggregate maize production; but fertilizer price and expected price of maize have a negative relationship with aggregate maize production. In terms of statistical significance, the study found that the area cultivated was statistically significant; but seed used, price of fertilizer, expected price of maize and average annual rainfall were statistically insignificant. The study recommends formulation of policies about intensive agriculture, fertilizer and seed subsidization and irrigation schemes to increase productivity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smallholder farmers’ Resilience Capacity to Climate Change Shocks at Kikombo ward in Dodoma Region","authors":"Wenseslaus Marko, Gemma Mafwolo, O. Mzirai, M. Maguta","doi":"10.59557/yce66628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/yce66628","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Despite the fact that, climate change is a threat worldwide, semi-arid areas are more vulnerable to its distress. This study was conducted at Kikombo Ward in Chamwino District to examine the local community’s resilience capacity to climate change shocks using 73 families which were randomly selected. Cross tabulation, correlation, and Binary logistic regression were used to study the variables using IBM SPSS version 20. The results revealed that 97% of the respondents were aware of the impacts of climate change on agriculture, but only 43.7% were practicing Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). Even though 43.7% of smallholder farmers reported to practice CSA, their crop production was still low which raises questions about the effectiveness and challenges faced in the application of CSA. The findings further disclosed that most of the CSA practices were not done in the farmers' plots or were done partially. Challenges facing smallholder farmers in practicing CSA included; a lack of knowledge on the proper application of the CSA practices (p=0.023) as well as the cost of tools and inputs (p=0.034). The findings indicate that, most of the households had low resilience capacity to climate change shocks and the community's ability to absorb climate change shocks depended mainly on income accrued from small businesses. Services provided to promote the adoption of CSA were inadequate and therefore insignificant in enhancing the adoption of CSA. In this regard, the government and development partner’s support are highly recommended for optimum CSA application in the community. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115021508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Private Sector Participation in Local Government Planning and Budgeting Processes: Experiences from Makete and Njombe Districts Councils","authors":"Berine R. Magaria, Z. Masanyiwa, Nzoja E. Shauri","doi":"10.59557/y4cj5756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/y4cj5756","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The private sector is a key development partner, thus, its participation in government development planning and budgeting processes is crucial. This study investigated private sector participation in planning and budgeting processes in local government authorities in Makete and Njombe District Councils in Njombe Region. The specific objectives of the study were to examine spaces for private sector participation, and establish factors influencing private sector participation in LGAs’ development planning and budgeting processes. The study involved 40 purposively selected private sector organizations’ officials and 15 LGAs officials. Data were collected through structured interviews, key informant interviews and documentary reviews. The descriptive analysis technique was used for data analysis. Qualitative data were analysed for qualitative content analysis. The study found that the main spaces for private sector participation in LGA’s planning and budgeting processes were the submission of annual plans and budgets to LGAs, attending LGAs’ annual planning and budgeting meetings, and inviting LGAs officials to attend private sector planning and budgeting processes. The main factors influencing the private sector’s participation in LGAs planning and budgeting processes were: the policies of the private organisations, the need for transparency and accountability, the need for government support, the organization’s scope of operation and fora for lobbying and advocacy. It was concluded that the existing mechanisms were generally ‘closed’ or ‘invited’ spaces, which offered limited participation space for the private sector. Thus, there is a need for the government to widen participation spaces for the public sector, including by putting in place clear modalities for involving the private sector in LGA’s development planning and budgeting processes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128239498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Night Market Traders’ Performance in Tanzania: A Case of Forodhani Night Market in Unguja","authors":"Ester Ugulumu, M. Nestory, Oscar Mpasa","doi":"10.59557/wm4dz957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/wm4dz957","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the factors affecting the night market traders’ sales performance. The factors examined were the age, sex, marital status, trade experience, startup capital, number of employees, business type, and years of schooling of a night market trader. The study employed a cross-sectional research design whereby structured and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were employed to select a sample of 98 night market traders. Data were analysed by using a multiple linear regression model. The findings revealed that traders’ experience, start-up capital, number of employees, business type, years of schooling and sex of a night market trader significantly influenced sales performance. Therefore, entrepreneurial educators should craft strategies and learning environments that validate and stimulate women’s identity in a way that does not compete with the behaviour of the idealised male entrepreneur also government should establish a special campaign to motivate financial institutions to open up a special window for night market traders in accessing loans and accommodate entrepreneurs’ skills in teaching curriculum starting from primary to university education levels","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124118362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Living Arrangements of Older Persons in Rural Areas of Kasulu District in Tanzania","authors":"T. Mdendemi, I. Mpeta, A. Mkelenga, L. Macha","doi":"10.59557/5k4xec35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/5k4xec35","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The study was conducted in Kasulu District Council to assess the determinants of the living arrangements of older persons in rural areas of Tanzania. A multistage sampling technique was applied to obtain 379 older persons to whom a questionnaire was administered for data collection. Data analysis was done using the likelihood chi-square ratio test and multinomial logistic regression using IBM SPSS statistics and STATA. It was found that 38% of older persons lived with a spouse and children while only 14% lived alone. Household size was a strong predictor of all types of living arrangements for older persons implying that the addition of one person to the household of an older person would increase the possibility of an older person living with a spouse and children relative to living alone. The marital status of the relative with whom the older person would prefer to live with was also a strong predictor. Also, it was found that older persons who had sources of income-generation were more likely to live with their relatives than those who had no sources of personal income. An older person with no education or low education was more likely to live with a relative compared to an educated one, and the effects were statistically significant for all categories of living arrangements. Furthermore, it was also found that a never-married older person had a reduced chance of living with a spouse. It is recommended that the current elderly and aging policy which puts more emphasis on family care for elderly members should be revised. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115457215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Tax Productivity Performance in Tanzania: A Time Series Analysis","authors":"M. Awadh, N. Ngowi, Anicet Rwezaula","doi":"10.59557/0373gw62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/0373gw62","url":null,"abstract":"The study was focused on assessing the determinants of tax productivity performance in Tanzania adopting a time series analysis based on data spanning from the year 1996 to 2020. A time series using the multivariate regression model of the Ordinary Least Square Method (OLSM) was employed to analyze the data. The findings of the study show that GDP as a proxy of economic factors, the share of agriculture in GDP as a proxy of structural factors and regulatory quality as a proxy of institutional factors have a positive significant relationship with the dependent variable (i.e., total tax as a percent of GDP). On the other hand, the industrial sector, trade volume (i.e., export and import), and control of corruption were insignificant factors influencing the dependent variable (i.e., total tax as a percent of GDP). As part of the policy implication, we recommend that there should be sustainable initiatives to formalize the agricultural sector. Improve the industrial sector, trade volume and institutional environment to widen the tax base and increase tax revenue to align with the country’s economic development","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123193719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Multidimensional Poverty in Rural Tanzania","authors":"Geofrey Charles, Sixtus Otieno, M. Kimaro, Elisante Heriel, Tuntufye Mwakasisi, Johnson Mganga","doi":"10.59557/kavham44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/kavham44","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This study examines the determinants of multidimensional poverty in rural Tanzania. Poverty is still a challenge in Tanzania, particularly in rural areas, since its incidence rate of decrease is slower than in urban areas. The study used binary logistic regression to identify the key determinants of multidimensional poverty in rural Tanzania. Both the Alkire-Foster (2011) counting and binary logistic regression methods were applied to estimate the Multidimensional Poverty Index and determinants of multidimensional poverty respectively. The research utilized data that were already collected by the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey in 2017. The Alkire and Foster estimates, showed that, the majority of the households living in rural Tanzania (74.43 percent) were poor. Additionally, the findings showed that, the dimension of living standard (56.6%) contributes more to the total MPI, followed by health (23.2) and education (20.2%). Binary logit regression model estimates showed that, the factors being studied were proven to be statistically significant determinants that have an impact on multidimensional poverty in rural Tanzania. Moreover, female-headed households were 1.22 times more likely to be multi-dimensionally poor compared to male-headed households at the 5% level of significance. The findings reveal that age, education levels and married decrease the probability of being poor. Similarly, the model revealed that, people who use family planning are less likely to be poor (odd ratio, 0.79). This study has important policy implications for reducing multidimensional poverty in rural Tanzania. The government should prioritize improving access to basic amenities, housing, and infrastructure, and promote education and family planning services. Gender-sensitive policies and programs are also needed to address gender inequalities in rural Tanzania. For example, the government should invest in rural infrastructure development programs, such as the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme, which aims to provide safe water and sanitation facilities to rural communities. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124548234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Risk Management Practices and Organisational Performance in Public Institutions: A Case of DUWASA and TANESCO in Dodoma","authors":"M. Nestory, Ester Ugulumu, Oscar Mpasa","doi":"10.59557/gqcc5138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/gqcc5138","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the risk management practices and organizational performance of public institutions. Specifically, the paper assessed, the types of risks faced by public institutions, the strategies used in managing them and the role of risk management practices in improving organizational performance.  Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were employed to select employees from TANESCO and DUWASA. Both descriptive (multiple responses) and inferential statistics (ordinal regression) were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that public institutions face procurement risks, financial risks, and unethical risks. Risk reduction, risk transfer, and risk acceptance were the preferred strategies to manage risks within organizations. The “Spearman's Rank Correlation” results show that there is a significant and positive correlation between risk treatment (r= 0.735, p= 0.05), risk identification (r=0.528, p=0.01), and organizational performance in TANESCO while there is a significant and positive correlation between risk treatment (r=0.683, p=0.01), risk identification (r=0.461, p=0.05), risk analysis (r=0.450, p= 0.05) and organization performance in DUWASA. Ordinal regression results show that risk management processes (establishing scope, context and criteria = 2.678, risk identification =2.766, and risk treatment= 3.930) were a significant and positive predictor of organizational performance in TANESCO at the one percent level, while risk identification (1.619) and risk treatment (2.158) were significant and positive predictors of organizational performance in DUWASA at the one and five percent levels respectively. Therefore, public institutions should integrate risk management processes with other core functions of the organization if organizational objectives are to be achieved","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128645064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation in School Committees in Monitoring Primary School Projects in the Nyang’hwale District in Tanzania","authors":"Z. Masanyiwa, Berine R. Magaria, Nzoja E. Shauri","doi":"10.59557/kykk3z52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/kykk3z52","url":null,"abstract":"School committees hold a central role in decision making on various issues about the development and delivery of primary education, including the monitoring of school projects. This study examined the participation of school committees in monitoring primary school projects in selected schools in Nyang’hwale District in the Geita Region. Specifically, the study determined the extent of school committee members’ participation in monitoring school projects and examined factors influencing the school committee’s participation in monitoring primary school projects. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 17 primary schools and 136 school committee members and key informants involved in the study. Data were collected through structured interviews using a structured questionnaire, key informant interviews and documentary review, and were analyzed for descriptive statistics, chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results showed that most of the school committee members participated in project identification and planning, but less in budgeting activities. The main factors that influenced the participation of school committees were their perceived ability to speak up in meetings, their willingness to participate and their source of information. It was concluded that school committees’ participation in monitoring school projects was limited and constrained by gender imbalance. Thus, there is a need for capacity building for school committees to enhance their capacity for their roles and responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":127679,"journal":{"name":"RPJ: Rural Planning Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133073743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}