Gondwana Research最新文献

{"title":"Investigating relationships between shoreline process regime, shelf-margin architecture, and deep-water sand delivery: Insights from the early post-rift Hammerhead shelf margin (Bight Basin, southern Australia)","authors":"John W. Shepherd,&nbsp;Victorien Paumard,&nbsp;Simon Lang,&nbsp;Annette D. George","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shelf margins represent a crucial area along source-to-sink systems where sediments are partitioned from the shelf to slope and basin-floor areas. Reconstructing the evolution of these depositional systems is key for interpreting the interplay between past accommodation and sediment supply, and sediment dispersal mechanisms into deep water. In the Bight Basin, on the southern margin of Australia, the Hammerhead shelf margin prograded during the Late Cretaceous following break-up between Australia and Antarctica. This understudied interval offers important insights into source-to-sink processes in a post-rift, greenhouse, high sediment supply setting. A dynamic stratigraphic approach using high-resolution 3D seismic data across the Hammerhead shelf margin has been used to quantitatively characterise 28 clinothems developed over ∼ 1.9 Myrs each with an average duration of ∼ 67,000 years. By applying a shallow-marine process-based classification to shorelines, alongside quantitative analysis of the architecture of their coeval deep-water deposits downdip, statistical relationships and clear links between shallow-marine processes, stratigraphic architecture, and deep-water sand delivery are revealed. A statistically significant relationship between fluvial dominated shorelines, high slope gradients, and mass-transport deposit development is demonstrated, as is a requirement for fluvial influence at the shoreline for the initiation of long run-out turbidite systems. These long run-out turbidite systems are interpreted to have been formed by repeated density flows which lead to greater sediment transfer efficiency and increased sediment supply. This research has direct application to improve prediction of reservoir locations within the Bight Basin for resource exploration and/or carbon sequestration and may also be applied to improve deep-water sediment predictability in other basins worldwide developed in similar tectonic and climatic settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 208-233"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X24002429/pdfft?md5=0fb88bd80c75e56f09df74b83778063c&pid=1-s2.0-S1342937X24002429-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel pterygotid sea scorpions from the Silurian and Devonian of Gondwana","authors":"Russell D.C. Bicknell ,&nbsp;Patrick M. Smith ,&nbsp;Aaron Goodman ,&nbsp;Izak Schoon ,&nbsp;Yong Yi Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sea scorpions (eurypterids) are a group of extinct aquatic chelicerates that have a fossil record spanning the Ordovician through to the end Permian extinction. Due to their size and preservational potential, eurypterids have been well-documented in European and North American deposits, with less evidence from Gondwana. There is particularly limited evidence of the group from the Australian fossil record. To rectify this, we report new examples of pterygotid eurypterids from the late Silurian Wallace Shale and Early Devonian Merrimerriwa Formation, Mulga Downs Group in New South Wales. These specimens are assigned to <em>Pterygotus</em> sp. (Wallace Shale) and <em>Jaekelopterus</em> c.f. <em>rhenaniae</em> (Merrimerriwa Formation, Mulga Downs Group). The material is used to explore the extensive distribution and dispersal of these large, pelagic eurypterids and consider the position of the animals in their respective paleoecosystems. We conclude that these new records evidence the diversity of larger arthropods in Australian deposits and that ongoing documentation of these rare fossils is required to further understand the Paleozoic of Australia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 282-292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142022233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure of a continental intraplate volcanic system and controls from shear zones: Insights into the central Hoggar Cenozoic volcanic province, Northwest Africa, from electrical resistivity images","authors":"Zakaria Boukhalfa ,&nbsp;Amel Z. Benhallou ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Comeau ,&nbsp;Abderrezak Bouzid ,&nbsp;Abderrahmane Bendaoud ,&nbsp;Aboubakr Deramchi","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continental intraplate volcanic systems, with their locations far from plate tectonic boundaries, are not well understood: the crustal and lithospheric mantle structure of these systems remain enigmatic and there is no consensus on the mechanisms that cause melt generation and ascent. The Cenozoic saw the development of numerous volcanic provinces on the African plate, including within the Central Hoggar, located in Northwest Africa, part of the Tuareg shield. The magmatic activity began at approximately 34 Ma and continued throughout the Quaternary. In order to understand the origins and potential mechanisms that generated the intraplate volcanic activity in the Central Hoggar we aim to image the subsurface architecture, in terms of electrical resistivity, from the surface to the lithospheric mantle. To do so we use magnetotelluric measurements from 40 locations to generate a 3-D electrical resistivity model, over an area of about 100 km by 160 km. Low-resistivity features (i.e., conductors) are observed in the crust that are narrow, linear structures congruent with the boundaries of terranes and prominent fault zones (e.g., Azrou N’Fad). They likely reflect the Pan-African mega-shear zones, which were reactivated throughout the tectonic evolution of the region. The model reveals that these faults are lithospheric-scale. The low-resistivity features likely represent the signatures of past fluid pathways and mineralization. A deeper low-resistivity feature is observed in the upper lithospheric mantle directly beneath the Manzaz and Atakor volcanic districts. It may represent local, small-scale metasomatism of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle, and low-percent partial melting, that sits above a regional, large-scale asthenospheric upwelling associated with the Hoggar swell. It is likely the origin point of the fluids responsible for the overlying anomalies. The results highlight the control of the lithospheric-scale, mega-shear zones on the spatial distribution of the recent Cenozoic volcanic activity, which was influenced by the location of pre-existing structural weaknesses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 133-150"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X24002181/pdfft?md5=2753e28628f628f84d9e01ba7ef53371&pid=1-s2.0-S1342937X24002181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142022271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise and fall of notoungulates: How Andean uplift, available land area, competition, and depredation driven its diversification dynamics","authors":"Andrés Solórzano ,&nbsp;Mónica Núñez-Flores ,&nbsp;Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unraveling the biotic and abiotic drivers likely influencing clades’ diversification dynamics (differential speciation and extinction rates) is crucial for understanding life on Earth. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the diversification dynamics of notoungulates (Mammalia: Notoungulata), the most diverse and widespread Cenozoic herbivore mammals that evolved in South America (SA) but are now entirely extinct. Employing fossil occurrences restricted to the southern part of the SA and a Bayesian framework, we examined the historical speciation and extinction rates across all notoungulates, suborders, and three body size categories and tested whether these dynamics could be driven by biotic (e.g., diversity dependence, competition) and abiotic (e.g., Andean uplift and temperature changes) factors. Our findings reveal significant variability in diversification rates over time and groups driven by biotic and abiotic factors. We observed an increase in notoungulate speciation rates correlated with lower group self-diversity, likely related to limited environmental productivity and more extensive emerged continental areas that can provide increased environmental and ecological heterogeneity. In contrast, elevated extinction rates were correlated with intensified Andean uplift events, which can trigger landscape modifications and the arrival of placental carnivores after the Great American Biotic Interchange, probably due to notoungulate vulnerability to novel predation pressures. Furthermore, sparassodont diversity appears to increase speciation and extinction rates of notoungulates, although the direct mechanism relating them remains uncertain. The heterogeneity in the observed patterns of speciation and extinction across distinct size categories and taxonomic clades provides valuable perspectives on how ancient global and regional changes impacted the diversification dynamics of mammals and underscores the intricate interplay between environmental changes and biological interactions in shaping the evolution of life on Earth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 116-132"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nexus between technological innovation, human capital and energy efficiency: Evidence from E7 countries","authors":"Ahmed Samour ,&nbsp;Mumtaz Ali ,&nbsp;Turgut Tursoy ,&nbsp;Magdalena Radulescu ,&nbsp;Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enhancing energy efficiency is very effective in supporting environmental sustainability. Financial inclusion, human capital, and technological innovation are newly cited as dominant factors for environmental sustainability in emerging economies. Against this background, this study investigated how financial inclusion and technological innovation affected energy efficiency in E7 countries from 2004 to 2021. The study identifies the diverse effect of variables at different quantiles through a novel Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR) method to explore the heterogeneous interconnection among the variables<strong>.</strong> The MMQR outcomes suggest financial inclusion positively affects energy efficiency across all quantiles. Besides, the findings show that human capital positively affects energy efficiency in E7 countries at lower, medium, and higher quantiles. At the same time, estimated outcomes suggest that technological innovation promotes energy efficiency only at lower quantiles. This study recommends appropriate policies for decision-makers in E7 economies based on the study outcomes regarding adequately channelling human capital, financial resources, and technological innovation to promote energy efficiency and achieve sustainable development goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 89-102"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How and when did Paleozoic Maizuru back-arc basin close? Implications on the East Asian continental margin tectonics","authors":"L.N. Mavoungou ,&nbsp;K. Das ,&nbsp;D.P. Sarkar ,&nbsp;K. Kawaguchi ,&nbsp;J. Ando ,&nbsp;Y. Hayasaka","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paleo-continental reconstruction of Asia during the Permian–Triassic boundary indicates major tectonic readjustments between multiple continental blocks in the north of North China Craton (NCC) due to complex plate subduction system(s). One of the major consequences was the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. In a similar time frame, Proto-Japan was also evolving through plate-subduction with the opening of the Maizuru back-arc basin. The spectacular linear near-continuous belt of the Maizuru Terrain in the Inner Zone of Southwest Japan holds the rock record of the opening of the back-arc basin, sediment-fill in this basin culminating into closure-related pulsative debris flow deposits (i.e. the Tonoshiki Formation). However, the exact deformation mechanism(s), paleo-stress regime, their mesoscopic to microscopic rock record, and exact timing hold the keys to connecting the closure event of the Maizuru back-arc basin and the possible tectonics, in particular the closure of the PAO in Asia. With this aim, we report here the micro- to <em>meso</em>-structural geological records of rock units of the Maizuru Terrane which indicate evidence of (1) pre-depositional hydrofracturing, (2) extensive <em>syn</em>-lithification fracture-vein formation due to (3) broad WNW-ESE to E-W compressional paleostress regime using the fracture-vein analysis, (4) deformational e-twin development with the dominance of Type II twin indicating a maximum temperature of 300 °C with no evidence of overprinting. This brittle deformation affected all the lithounits of the Maizuru back-arc basin but not the overlying units deposited after the basin closure. New U-Pb detrital zircon age data of the rocks belonging to the Maizuru Group and also the overlying Fukumoto Formation fixes the age of the above-mentioned deformation event at ∼ 250 Ma. All these data help to assess the possible paleo-position of Proto-Japan and a clear tectonic scenario between the NCC, the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and the Khanka-Jiamusi Massif in East Asia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 36-56"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tethyan Seaway during the early to middle Miocene – New data and a review","authors":"Werner E. Piller ,&nbsp;Mathias Harzhauser ,&nbsp;Matthias Kranner ,&nbsp;Oleg Mandic ,&nbsp;Tayebeh Mohtat ,&nbsp;Jahanbakhsh Daneshian","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Tethyan Seaway was the connection between the Eastern and Western Tethys which became restricted and finally closed during the Early and Middle Miocene. The growing Zagros Mountains split the seaway into two entities, the Iranian Gateway in the northeast and the Mesopotamian Gateway in the southwest. The reconstruction of the seaway is based on sedimentological and paleontological data of the Qom, Asmari and Gachsaran formations predominantly on biostratigraphy. This paper presents an evaluation and new data on the occurrence of the Qom Formation in the Zanjan area (Sheikh Jaber section) of Iran. The Qom Formation there is dominated by marls and sandstones and subordinated limestones. Unusual for the Qom Formation is the high share of volcanic rocks (basalts, tuffs, tuffitic marls, lapilli, coarse volcanoclastic components in all types of lithologies) which indicate that the Qom Formation in the Zanjan area belongs either to the Sanandaj-Sirjan Basin or the Urumieh-Dokhtar Basin. Planktonic foraminifers and mollusks, in particular, pteropods, indicate a late Burdigalian to Langhian age for the studied section. The mollusk fauna exhibits a pure Mediterranean character and no overlap with the Indo-Pacific fauna occurs. Both the fauna and the overlying continental deposits of the Upper Red Formation preclude a marine connection along the Iranian Gateway in the Langhian between the Proto-Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, the mollusk fauna also obviates a connection between the Proto-Mediterranean/Indian Ocean and the Eastern Paratethys. The sediments in the Mesopotamian Gateway are represented by the Asmari Formation, which is similar in facies and stratigraphy to the Qom Formation, and the Gachsaran Formation dominated by evaporites and shallow marine sediments. This gateway may have not been completely blocked in the Langhian, but the very shallow water connection was paleoceanographically ineffective and not passable for biota such as mollusks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 57-74"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X24002168/pdfft?md5=65b8554e481e81dfee093a1be6cde564&pid=1-s2.0-S1342937X24002168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the impacts of linear economy, circular economy, green energy and green patents on environmental sustainability: Empirical evidence from OECD countries","authors":"Sunil Tiwari ,&nbsp;Kamel Si Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the impact of linear economy, circular economy, green energy and green patents on environmental sustainability in selected OECD countries during 2000–2018. To demonstrate the nexus between above said constructs, Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model is adopted. Empirical findings suggest that green energy and green patents positively impact the environmental sustainability across all the quantiles. However, impact of linear economy, circular economy is negative in the short run and getting positive towards the long run. Overall, there is significant association between all the examined variables and they all are equally important to facilitates the environmental sustainability in the OECD countries. Empirical outcomes of present study help the policymakers to establish the ecological sustainability and guide them towards the attainment of sustainable development goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECON-ESG factors on energy efficiency: Fostering sustainable development in ECON-growth-paradox countries","authors":"Cem Işık ,&nbsp;Serdar Ongan ,&nbsp;Hasibul Islam ,&nbsp;Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente ,&nbsp;Arshian Sharif","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines how economic (ECON), environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) factors affect SDG-based energy efficiency (EE) for G-7 countries. In this examination, the study, for the first time, introduces the form “ECON-ESG” defined by Isik et al. (2024c). The authors integrated economic factors (ECON) into traditional ESG since they assert that economic impacts on sustainability are undeniable. The CS-ARDL model is used with the AMG and CCEMG techniques to test its robustness. Empirical findings reveal that while economic factors (ECON) negatively impact EE, environmental factors (E) positively impact it. Based on this negative impact on EE, and of course, only within the limits of this study, we, for the first time, conceptually define and introduce G-7 as “<em>ECON-growth-paradox</em> and <em>E-growth-harmonized</em> countries.” Because G-7 countries are developed economically, however, development negatively (paradoxically) affects these countries’ EEs, contrary to positive effect expectations. The word “harmonized” refers to the supportive-harmonizing (positive) effect of environmental factors (E) on EE. Therefore, policymakers need to align conflicting economic and environmental policies on energy efficiency. The country-wise analysis results show that while Canada, Italy, and the USA are <em>ECON-growth-paradox</em> countries, the UK is an <em>E-growth-harmonized</em> country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 103-115"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two occurrences of paired metamorphic belts in central Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for two-stage subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean","authors":"Shuang Tang ,&nbsp;Jinrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunjing Wei ,&nbsp;Hang Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paired metamorphic belts in orogenic areas record the dual thermal regimes associated with subduction. In this study, based on detailed petrographic observations, phase equilibrium modelling, and zircon and rutile U–Pb dating of samples from different metamorphic units, we report two occurrences of paired metamorphic belts in central Inner Mongolia. The first included a HP–LT and a HT–LP metamorphic belt in which garnet mica schist sample XL04 and garnet-sillimanite biotite gneiss sample XL16 yielded peak P–T conditions, respectively of ∼19 kbar/∼510℃ (∼9℃/km) and ∼ 6 kbar/∼676℃ (∼32℃/km). The second includes a MP–LT and a HT–LP metamorphic belt in which blueschist sample WD13 and amphibolite sample XL10 yielded peak P–T condition of 8.6–8.8 kbar/520–530℃ (∼19℃/km) and ∼ 4.5 kbar/870–910℃ (∼60℃/km), respectively. Zircon and rutile U–Pb results indicate that the first pair of metamorphic belts (∼9℃/km and ∼ 32℃/km) were formed at 455–442 Ma, while the second (∼19℃/km and ∼ 60℃/km) were formed at 383–306 Ma based on previous studies. These ages are consistent with those of two arc magmatic pulses in central Inner Mongolia. Consequently, we suppose that the two occurrences of paired metamorphic belts are attributed to a trench–continental margin in the Early Paleozoic and a trench–basin–arc system in the Late Paleozoic. It is likely that the two occurrences of paired metamorphic belts record the tectonic transition from a completely active continental margin setting in the Early Paleozoic to a fore-arc extension system in the Late Paleozoic, driven by slab rollback mechanisms with trench retreat of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 17-35"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}