Globalization and Health最新文献

{"title":"From proposal to compromise: the TRIPS waiver debate and the crisis of WTO decision-making.","authors":"Nirmalya Syam, Muhammad Zaheer Abbas","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01176-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01176-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Marrakesh Agreement, which established the World Trade Organization (WTO), permits WTO member countries to jointly decide to temporarily suspend certain obligations under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). The TRIPS Decision adopted at the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference in June 2022, following 20 months of extended negotiations during the COVID-19 pandemic, approved only a limited portion of the waiver proposal originally submitted by India and South Africa. Since the Decision was adopted, WTO members have faced a deadlock over whether to extend its scope to include COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics, despite being required by the Decision to reach a conclusion on this issue within six months. This paper re-examines the discussions surrounding the potential expansion of the Decision and argues that including COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics within its scope was both appropriate and necessary. In addition, the paper proposes ways to make effective use of TRIPS flexibilities during a pandemic, so that developing countries are not left dependent on unpredictable waiver negotiations. The paper also outlines possible approaches for reforming the waiver decision-making process, aiming to ensure that such decisions are made promptly and efficiently, without prolonged negotiations during times of emergency.Clinical trial number Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12821828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When one size does not fit all - New Zealand perspectives on the International Health Regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Li-Wern Yim, Chris Bullen, Ashley Bloomfield, Judith McCool","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01160-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01160-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Health Regulations (IHR) form the basis of the World Health Organization's governing framework for global health security and have a key role in preventing the international spread of disease. The COVID-19 pandemic rightfully brought the 'fitness for purpose' of the IHR (2005) into question, spurring WHO Member States to embark on a process of amending and improving the Regulations. This process concluded in mid-2024, with a package of substantive amendments adopted through Member State consensus. Global commentary during the COVID-19 pandemic spotlighted issues with both the letter and spirit of the Regulations, but one unifying theme was that of non-compliance. As such, much of the debate in the lead up to the amendment negotiations focused on the need for stronger enforcement and accountability mechanisms. However, the distinction between true IHR breaches and legitimate deviations was often ignored. Instead, these were frequently lumped together under the banner of 'non-compliance,' and with a predominantly negative slant; often as prelude to justification that stronger rules (and perhaps even punitive measures) were needed. The subtext was that the same rules must apply to all. There is little doubt that a legally binding instrument must have robust accountability mechanisms to underpin global collaboration and prevent pandemics. However, New Zealand's COVID-19 pandemic response - considered among the best in the world - illustrates why the balance between uniform compliance and State Party flexibility had to remain an essential consideration during the IHR amendment negotiations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12683830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145707822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial determinants of health: case study of ultra-processed food companies in Thailand.","authors":"Nongnuch Jindarattanaporn, Weerapak Samsiripong, Salakjit Chuenchom","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01174-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01174-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultra-processed food companies in Thailand have rapidly expanded, and they play an important role in the domestic economy and public policy. These companies influence policy-making by building networks with political authorities and using various strategies to pursue their interests. Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods has been shown to be strongly associated with obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are a growing public health concern in Thailand. This study investigated the commercial determinants of health (CDOH) strategies of the major ultra-processed food companies in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed document review to classify CDOH's strategies of ultra-processed food companies in Thailand. The authors searched publicly available information by 15 ultra-processed food companies, including both national and transnational companies, between January 2019 and December 2024. In addition, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with field experts to provide additional insights to support the findings from the document review. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>National ultra-processed food companies in Thailand employ all seven strategies of CDOH, namely: (1) Political, (2) Scientific, (3) Marketing, (4) Supply chain and waste management, (5) Labour and employment, (6) Financial, and (7) Reputation management strategies. Transnational companies employed all but one of the seven strategies (labour and employment).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The wide array of CDOH strategies used to shape public policy and opinion may hinder efforts to protect the health of Thais from obesity and diet-related NCDs. To counter this, the authors recommend systematic monitoring of CDOH strategies, stronger accountability for the ultra-processed food companies, mandatory lobbyist registration, stricter management of conflict of interest between government officials and food companies, and strict enforcement of relevant legislation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12802010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145707840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic decoupling through legitimacy: the sustainability-innovation gap in the food processing sector and its health implications.","authors":"Mustafa Yucel","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01166-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01166-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental and public health impacts are critical in the food processing industry. To demonstrate responsiveness to stakeholder expectations, firms foreground sustainability reporting through frameworks such as Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Yet the sustainability rhetoric usually centers on visible, marketable, and peripheral dimensions, including packaging, energy use, and philanthropy. In contrast, domains within their core operations, including product composition, nutritional quality, and marketing ethics, receive limited attention. Subsequently, concerns over the commercial determinants of health rise, particularly for vulnerable populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study follows an embedded mixed-methods design to examine whether sustainability disclosures align with firms' innovation strategies. Using 2023 data from 90 multinational or export-oriented food processing firms, hierarchical and multiple regression models assess the effects of ESG sub-dimensions and CSR scores on R&D expenditure, controlling for market capitalization (MC). To complement the quantitative analysis, the study includes a qualitative examination of selected firms, illustrating how sustainability-innovation gaps manifest in practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings reveal no systematic alignment between sustainability and innovation strategies. The environmental dimension shows a marginally positive yet statistically insignificant relationship with R&D, while social, governance, and CSR metrics exhibit no meaningful association. MC remains the strongest predictor of R&D, highlighting that financial and organizational capacity drives innovation rather than sustainability commitment. Notably, CSR aligns more closely with environmental than social performance, indicating a selective legitimacy orientation. Firm-level evidence also reflects the patterns of symbolic compliance, illustrating how strong ESG scores can coexist with weak sustainability integration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The weak coupling between sustainability communication and innovation behavior exposes a structural gap between corporate legitimacy efforts and tangible outcomes for sustainable development. Firms that prioritize reputational visibility over substantive innovation reinforce health inequities and constrain systemic reform. To enhance environmental and public health outcomes, both corporate and regulatory strategies should move beyond symbolic compliance toward outcome-based accountability. Such a shift can better incentivize innovation that enhances nutritional quality, strengthens social equity, and protects environmental integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12681171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145687258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GDP per capita and physician migration across world regions, 2000-2021.","authors":"Joseph Nwadiuko, Arrianna Marie Planey, Naomi Zewde, Arturo Vargas Bustamante","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01169-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01169-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Physician migration is a problem of international concern, and studies have attempted to determine whether macroeconomic and developmental factors predict nationwide decreases in physician migration. Like the nutritional and epidemiologic transitions, there is an understood “migration transition” as well, with migration levels for highly educated individuals decreasing as national income increases. This approach can provide insights into the macroeconomic determinants and predictors of medical emigration. METHODS: We drew annual data from 2000 to 2021 on new physician migration (i.e., flows) to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), converted into logged flows, and charted against logged origin country real GDP per capita (2017 international dollars, purchasing power parity). We fit an ordinary least squares (OLS) model and gravity model, testing the relationship between the year-lagged natural log of real GDP per capita and the natural log of total annual emigration flows separately in ordinary least squares and gravity model analyses. RESULTS: Descriptive results show overall a U-shaped relationship between origin GDP and emigration rates; however, descriptive trends disaggregated by region of the world show that as origin GDP rises, migration outflows generally decline in Central Asia and East Asia & the Pacific; generally increase in Europe; are bimodal in the Middle East and North Africa and Latin America; and remain the same in sub-Saharan Africa. Gravity models demonstrate, across all regions, no quadratic relationship and a negative linear relationship. However, within-region models showed a negative relationship with origin GDP per capita in East Asia and the Pacific, Central and South Asia, and North America and no statistical effect elsewhere, although with increasing lags, there was a positive relationship in sub-Saharan Africa and the European Union (EU) and a positive relationship nearing statistical significance in non-EU European countries. CONCLUSION: The relationship between national income and physician emigration is complex and heavily dependent on geography, indicating that different mechanisms might be driving physician migration trends in different regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuity of maternal and newborn health service provision among private sector players following donor transition. Hope amidst challenging implementation experiences in Uganda.","authors":"Eric Ssegujja, Justine Namakula, Allen Kabagenyi, Carol Kyozira, Timothy Musila, Henry Zakumumpa, Freddie Ssengooba","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01171-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01171-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supporting service delivery through the private sector is a policy priority for improving maternal and child health service delivery for UHC. Despite the increased attention, it is not clear how pay-for-performance interventions within the private sector perform post-donor transition. This study aimed to examine the impact of donor transition on private service providers' ability to deliver maternal and newborn health in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in Uganda's Rwenzori and Lango sub-regions, which benefited from a USAID project to reduce maternal and newborn deaths from 2012 to 2016 in Rwenzori and 2015-2020 in the Lango sub-region. A purposive sample of 52 respondents (Rwenzori = 26, Lango = 16, National = 10) took part in the study. A thematic analysis technique was followed, guided by the components of the health systems dynamics framework, with data management supported by Atlas. ti a qualitative data management software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, results reflect a mix of progress and setbacks following the cessation of donor funding to the participating private health service providers. The subnational governance to provide oversight to the private sector was strengthened, which extended into the post-transition period. Despite setbacks in the provision of a comprehensive MNCH package, such as a drastic reduction in patient volumes, reduced scope of services offered and inconsistent supply of emergency medicines, the popularisation of MNCH services among the private sector players created awareness of the same post-transition. The information systems built with donor support contributed to improved data reporting from the private sector, which was sustained post-transition. Human resources for health among private sector players were greatly affected post-transition, although the same benefited the public sector with an experienced pool of health workers from which they recruited into public service. Despite the continued use of equipment procured during donor support, the medicines and supplies were greatly affected by funding cessation. Equally affected was the financing following donor cessation to the private sector players post-transition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the mixed results following donor cessation of funding to the private sector, these results have important implications for supporting private sector players to improve MNCH services in low-resource settings. The governance, health information systems, and service delivery experiences are critical aspects worth emulating for better engagement of the private sector in strengthening MNCH service delivery.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"If I am here, it is because the system failed\": a critical qualitative study of global commercial clinical trials for advanced cancer in Chile.","authors":"Loreto Fernández-González, Gary Rodin, Jorge Sapunar, Amaya Perez-Brumer, Anne-Emanuelle Birn","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01148-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01148-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pharmaceutical industry is a key global health actor given its crucial role in the development and testing of medicines. Within Latin America, Chile currently has the highest number of multinational commercial clinical trials per inhabitant, predominantly for oncological therapies. Insufficient attention has been paid to context-specific conditions that enable clinical trials' successful implementation in the Global South. In examining what makes Chile an attractive hub for commercial trials and why patients enroll in them, this study seeks to elucidate the interplay among the pharmaceutical industry, health systems, and societies. We analyze how trial providers, cancer practitioners, and patient participants draw from their own lived experience to make sense of local healthcare, health policies and global pharmaceutical market trends, amid global health crises.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a critical political economy of global health framework, we conducted a critical ethnography in 2022-23 at a tertiary cancer center that is the lead recruiter of patients into oncology commercial trials in Santiago, Chile. In-depth interviews, participant observation, and document gathering were conducted, with materials analyzed through thematic content analysis using Nvivo12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven subjects -fourteen patients, four caregivers, and twenty-nine providers- were interviewed and/or shadowed. The main theme, \"A failed (health) system\" reveals a perception that the growing presence of commercial clinical trials for advanced cancer works synergistically with a deficient health system. Subthemes of political economy levels of (mal)functioning, were grouped as follows: (i) the COVID-19 pandemic and the global organization of commercial trials; (ii) national factors (health services and post-trial access policies); and (iii) community/relational factors (palliative care and unaffordability of high-cost drugs). Clinical trials were experienced as an exit strategy from a broken healthcare system, even as participants regarded the pricing strategies of anticancer therapies acritically.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The conditions that make Chile an attractive hub for cancer commercial clinical trials are determined by an interplay of global, national, and community-level structural arrangements between public and private actors. Chile serves as an important global health case study on the role of the pharmaceutical industry in capitalizing on systemic healthcare failures to advance clinical research on metastatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12670741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145632411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and neonatal outcomes of second-generation mothers in Europe: a systematic review.","authors":"Sara Cavagnis, Davide Tarditi, Isabella Rosato, Cristina Canova","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01163-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01163-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Second-generation mothers (SGMs), born in European countries to foreign-born parents, represent a growing population. While disparities in maternal and neonatal health outcomes among first-generation migrants and natives are well documented, less is known about these outcomes among SGMs. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on maternal and neonatal health outcomes among SGMs, comparing them to both native-born women and first-generation migrants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases up to December 2024, for studies reporting on maternal and/or neonatal outcomes in SGMs in Europe. Eligible studies were critically appraised, and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted where possible to obtain pooled, unadjusted odds ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies were included, mostly conducted in Germany and Nordic countries. SGMs had a lower risk of C-section compared to natives (pooled OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.60-0.78). They also seemed to have a higher risk of late access to antenatal care (ANC) and of gestational diabetes, although not significant for the latter. For other outcomes, such as near-miss, low birth weight and preterm birth, included studies reported conflicting results or the pooled estimates were not significant. The generalizability of findings is strongly affected by the limited number of studies, data heterogeneity and underrepresentation of key migrant groups and countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Structural factors, acculturation, and persistent inequalities may shape health trajectories across generations. Late access to ANC highlights that SGMs still face barriers in accessing care, despite being born and educated in host countries. Improved data collection, disaggregation by parental background, and attention to social determinants are essential to better understand and address the needs of this growing population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12764005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The landscape of public-private partnerships in global health governance: introducing a new dataset.","authors":"Leah Shipton","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01162-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01162-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Global health public-private partnerships are prominent actors and forums for the governance of global health. They channel significant funding into global health and shape policy priorities and options for pressing health problems. Led by state and non-state actors, they are often championed as inclusive governing spaces. Despite their prominence, there is no up-to-date, comprehensive analysis of the quantity and qualities of global health public-private partnerships, including the distribution of decision-making power among their governing board members. RESULTS: This article analyzes a new dataset of 73 global health public-private partnerships governed by a total of 630 actors. These analyses offer three high-level insights. First, high-income country representatives hold 69% of seats on partnership governing boards. Thus, while public-private partnerships have expanded the types of actors that can participate in governance, there remain significant disparities in access to decision-making based on country income-level. Second, a typology of public-private partnerships based on the composition of decision-makers on governing boards is presented. The typology includes Business, Civil Society, Trio, and Super public-private partnerships, of which Trio and Civil Society partnerships are the most common. Third, as public-private partnerships themselves hold governing seats in 24 partnerships, this article lends support to the idea that some partnerships are gaining agency and autonomy in global health through inter-partnership cooperation. Additional analyses shed light on the timeline of the rise of public-private partnerships and a range of characteristics, including their headquarter location, function, health issues addressed, and legal status. CONCLUSIONS: This article provides a big picture perspective on key patterns in the characteristics and distribution of decision-making power of global health public-private partnerships. Together, the analyses suggest that moving from multilateral governance through international organizations like the World Health Organization, to multistakeholder governance through public-private partnerships has contributed to a decrease in decision-making influence for low and middle-income countries and an increase for high-income countries. In doing so, it lays the groundwork for scholarly and practitioner debate about the appropriate distribution of decision-making power in global health governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12764153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing patterns of authorship of low- and middle-income countries in global commercial clinical trials in oncology.","authors":"Anil Babu Payedimarri, Samir Mouhssine, Saleh Aljadeeah, Blaise Mwizerwa Nkubito, Gianluca Gaidano, Raffaella Ravinetto","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01167-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01167-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor authorship practices in global health research may be a sign of unequal partnerships. Previous studies have shown that authors from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are frequently underrepresented in publications from global research collaborations between LMICs and high-income countries (HICs). To the best of our knowledge, the patterns of authorship from LMICs in international industry-sponsored clinical research on breast, lung and colon cancer have not yet been investigated. Therefore, as a spin-off to broader research on globalization of commercial clinical trials in oncology, we conducted an analysis of authorship in the publications from completed industry-sponsored therapeutic trials in breast, lung and colon cancer (from phase I to IV) that involved LMICs. Only articles published in a peer-reviewed journal in English by March 30, 2024 were included. A total of 302 publications from 173 trials were analysed. 63% (n = 191) of them have at least one author from a middle-income country (MIC); 14% (n = 42) articles have the first author from a MIC; and 13% (n = 39) articles have the last author from a MIC. Conversely, 37% (n = 111) of articles had no author from MIC, including two trials conducted only in MICs. In conclusion, our study found an imbalance in authorship, suggestive of significant inequalities, in collaborative research in industry-sponsored clinical trials for breast, lung and colon cancer. Industry sponsors need to work towards greater equity in authorship when collaborating with researchers in (L)MICs, and oncology researchers and opinion leaders in HICs should actively advocate for greater fairness to their colleagues in (L)MICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12763880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}