Geologija最新文献

{"title":"Groundwater quantitative status assessment for River Basin Management Plan 2022–2027 (RBMP III)","authors":"P. Souvent, Urška Pavlič, M. Andjelov, Nina Rman, P. Frantar","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"The Groundwater quantitative status assessment is part of River Basin Management Plan 2022–2027 (RBMP III) and is used to evaluate, according to certain criteria, the 21 groundwater bodies (GWBs) in Slovenia. GWB can achieve good or poor quantitative status. The assessment is carried out with four tests, where the impact of groundwater abstraction (pumped quantities) on: groundwater quantity and water balance, the ecological status of associated surface water bodies, groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems and the intrusion of saline or poor water quality into the aquifer is analyzed. The final overall assessment of each groundwater body, based on the completed tests, is determined by the criterion of the worst test assessment. Based on the results of the tests, within the assessment period, 20 GWBs in Slovenia achieved good quantitative status. GWB Dravska kotlina achieved poor quantitative status, because the pumping of groundwater causes poor quality water intrusions into the deeper aquifer of that groundwater body. Within the last assessment period 1991–2020, approx. 4 billion m3 of groundwater was available annually in shallow aquifers within groundwater bodies. Groundwater abstraction (pumper quantities) in the period 2014–2019 reached an average of 135 million m3. In the area of deep geothermal aquifers of the Mura basin, abstractions were estimated to sum up to 2.5 million m3 per year. Latest numerical simulations point out induced aquifer recharge of approx. 2.3 million m3 of thermal water.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"69 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper Triassic–to Lower Cretaceous Slovenian Basin successions in the northern margin of the Sava Folds","authors":"Benjamin Scherman, B. Rožič, Á. Görög, Szilvia Kövér, László Fodor","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the Slovenian Basin southern margin is currently interpreted based on the successions outcropping in the surroundings of Škofja Loka, on the Ponikve Plateau and in the foothills of the Julian Alps in western Slovenia, as well as from the valley of the Mirna River in south-eastern Slovenia. However, no extensive research on this paleogeographic unit has been carried out in the northern part of the Sava Folds region. Recent field observations permitted the recognition of Upper Triassic to lowermost Cretaceous successions of the Slovenian Basin, including the recently described Middle Jurassic Ponikve Breccia Member of the Tolmin Formation. Based on reambulation-type geological mapping, macroscopic facies observations supported by microfacies analysis and biostratigraphy, three stratigraphic columns were constructed showcasing Slovenian Basin formations on the northern flank of the Trojane Anticline (Sava Folds region). These newly described successions encompass Upper Triassic (Bača Dolomite Formation) and Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous resedimented limestones and pelagic formations, while the attribution of the Pseudozilian Formation is complex. Based on facies characteristics these successions are similar to those preserved in the Podmelec Nappe (lowermost thrust unit of the Tolmin Nappe) in western Slovenia. The connection between the western and the eastern Slovenian Basin during the Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous interval could be thus recognised.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for detecting a crypt beneath a paved church floor","authors":"M. Zajc, Alojzij Grebenc","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"After the discovery of an archive document regarding an underground crypt beneath the f loors of the Church of St. Margaret (Sv. Marjeta) in Dol pri Ljubljani, Slovenia, further research was carried out to confirm its presence. An area filled with construction waste was discovered during a recent small-scale renovation of the church floor. This finding suggested the potential underground chamber may have been partly filled in during one of the previous restorations. A non-invasive GPR study was carried out along eight profiles inside the church to prove the existence of an underground crypt. Results show the presence of an air-filled chamber, confirmed later by a hole drilled in the floor. Additional findings in the church archive and pictures taken by a camera, lowered through a drilled hole, revealed three previously unknown caskets in the crypt. According to the archives, two of them belong to Baron Wolf Daniel Erberg and his wife who died in 1783 and 1774, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"23 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospalax priscus jaw from the site of Węże 2 (southern Poland, Pliocene)","authors":"Michał Czernielewski","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"The ecology and adaptations of the Anomalomyidae (Muroidea) have been long debated in the scientific literature. A jaw belonging to Prospalax priscus (Anomalomyidae) was found at the Late Pliocene site of Węże 2 in southern Poland. The presence of this species at the site agrees with the interpretation of P. priscus and the Anomalomyidae in general as adapted to forest environments.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact assessment of the Gajke and Brstje landfills on groundwater status using stable and radioactive isotopes","authors":"S. Cerar, Luka Serianz, P. Vreča, Marko Štrok, T. Kanduč","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Waste disposal in landfills represents a severe threat to aquatic environments on the local, regional, and global levels. In Slovenia, there are 69 registered landfills where groundwater is regularly monitored. However, isotope techniques are not regularly employed. Therefore, we employed isotope analysis of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in combination with total alkalinity to assess the impact of the selected landfill on groundwater and to evaluate the biogeochemical processes at work. The δ18O, δ2H, δ13CDIC, 3H activity and total alkalinity were determined in October 2020 at 12 sampling points from the surrounding area of the Gajke and Brstje landfills and leachate from the Gajke landfill. The δ18O (-9.24 ± 0.3 ‰) and δ2H (-64.9 ± 2.7 ‰) in groundwater indicate that the main water source consists in direct infiltration of precipitation, with no significant isotopic fractionation. Total alkalinity in the investigated area ranges from 5.45 to 73 mM and δ13CDIC from –14.9 to +6.1 ‰, respectively. Higher values of total alkalinity (up to 73 mM), δ13CDIC (up to +6.1 ‰), δ18O (-7.64 ‰) and 3H (209.8 TU) are detected in the leachate, indicating biogeochemical process related to CO2 reduction or methanogenesis. Methanogenesis could be present at locations GAP-10/13 (Brstje landfill) and G-2 (Gajke landfill) with δ13CDIC values ranging from –8.2 to –7.6 ‰ and with dissolved oxygen values around 0 % and elevated 3H values (from 16 to 18 TU). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of isotopic analysis as a valuable tool for monitoring landfills, revealing shifts in biogeochemical processes within the groundwater there.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic and stratigraphic remarks on Placites urlichsi Bizzarini, Pompeckjites layeri (Hauer), Carnites floridus (Wulfen) and Sageceras haidingeri (Hauer)","authors":"Andreas Spatzenegger, W. Poltnig","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations of an Lower Carnian Wettersteinkalk ammonoid fauna found in the Hochobir massif (Carinthia/Austria) gave rise to problems in the taxonomic relationship within the Triassic ammonoid Family Pinacoceratidae. The morphological parameters of the ammonoid genus Pompeckjites are rather unclear. Morphological variation of at least two ammonoid species as Pompeckjites layeri Hauer on one end, Placites urlichsi Bizzarini on the other end have to be take into account. Numerous field surveys, studies and excavations on upper Wettersteinkalk sites within the Karavank Mountains and Hallstatt-facies sites in the Northern Calcareous Alps were implemented and compared with the reference sites in the Dolomites. As a consequence of our investigations, the Hochobir Wettersteinkalk ammonite assemblage is thought to be equivalent in time to the ammonoid fauna of the Upper San Cassian Formation. The frequent occurrence of the Julian (Lower Carnian) ammonoid Placites urlichsi Bizzarini may be a powerful tool in field investigations for a refined correlation of the upper Wettersteinkalk reef limestone to the coeval basinal facies of the Upper San Cassian Formation (Lower Carnian/upper Trachyceras aonoides Zone). As a result of this study Placites urlichsi was included in the genus Pompeckjites. This paper could be an attempt to recognize the differences in juvenile forms of Pompeckjites layeri and Placites urlichsi and other similar disciform ammonoid genera like Carnites floridus and Sageceras sp. based on suture lines, polished transversal-sections and morphological features.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42742674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeological characterization of karst springs of the white (Proteus anguinus anguinus) and black olm (Proteus anguinus parkelj) habitat in Bela krajina (SE Slovenia)","authors":"Katja Koren, R. Brajkovič, Manca Bajuk, Špela Vraničar, Vesna Fabjan","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"The springs west of Črnomelj, in SE Slovenia, are the habitat of the black (Proteus anguinus parkelj) and the white olm (Proteus anguinus anguinus). Some of these springs are also the only known habitat in the world of endemic species of black olm. A steady decline in olm populations has been observed in this area over the past decades. Owing to the rapid runoff and groundwater flow high-resolution monitoring is essential in providing better insight into the hydrogeological characterization of the catchment area of springs. Specific factors and critical parameters of water behind said olm degradation have not yet been defined. Because the olm’s environment is largely aquatic, one potential critical parameter could be the higher water temperatures (>12 °C) or higher nitrate concentration (>9.2 mg/l). The six-month observation of the springs (July – December 2021) point to water temperature as a potential critical parameter since the water temperature of the springs exceeded 12 °C in months July and August. Nitrate concentrations could also be a second critical parameter in the degradation of the olm’s habitat. Maximum nitrate concentrations above 9.2 mg/l throughout much of the observation period (except for Dobličica spring). Due to less agricultural activity in December in the spring catchment area and a higher dilution rate due to reduced evapotranspiration and increased effective precipitation during this time of the year, the nitrate concentrations are decreased. The results of the measured parameters of groundwater could show the hydrogeological connection between the Otovski and Pački breg springs and between Šotor, Jamnice and Dobličica. The Obršec spring has an independent catchment area. A detailed estimation of the springs catchment area is possible due to a detailed geologic map. It is necessary to determine the origin of the nitrate (nitrate isotope analysis), to quantify the threshold values of the critical parameters, to define precisely all the causes of the olm deterioration, and to make proposals for appropriate measures to limit or even stop the decline of the olm population.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47345373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological control of trial excavation of Uranium ore in Žirovski vrh","authors":"Franci Čadež","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"In 1981-1983, before the start of full production, trial mining of uranium ore was carried out at the Žirovski vrh mine to test the methods of geological and radiometric control as well as the technical methods of extraction. The trial excavation was done in block 1, in the extreme NW part of the mine in the upper fold of the double S structure. In this block, the ore deposits bodies were found only in the horizon of grey sandstone about 20–30 m thick. Geological monitoring of the excavation confirmed that the sandstones were deposited in sequences from a few dm to more than 2 m thick. The sequence usually graded bed started with coarse-grained sandstone, with pebbles of quartz and mudstone occasionally present at the base. Upwards, coarse-grained sandstone often passed into medium-grained, and more rarely into fine-grained sandstone and siltstone. The sandstones were characterized by the presence of organic fragments, which created an anoxic environment during diagenesis and that in turn enabled uranium to precipitate from the groundwater and concentrate in the host rock. Most often, ore bodies were found in coarse-grained sandstones, usually in several sedimentary sequences. As such, ore bodies appear in several sequences, usually under 1 m thick. In some places ore bodies can join together, exceeding 5 m. The length of the uninterrupted ore body in the longitudinal direction was up to 150 m, the width ranges from a few meters to more than 40 m. In the intermediate areas where the ore body is interrupted, we observed that the sandstones changed from dark grey and grey to light grey and greenish grey. These sandstones were usually barren or contained only small concentrations of uranium. In the longitudinal direction, such a transition took place between cross-sections P-35 and P-35a, where excavation was completed. Cross-sections P-36 and P-37 were also investigated inside the mine, where predominantly greenish-grey sandstone with only rare lenses of poor uranium concentrations appeared. Further to the west, two cross-sections 1.3 and 2.8 km from the mine area were also explored with surface boreholes. Grey and greenish-grey sandstones with very rare remains of organic matter and very rare traces of mineralisation were found in these boreholes, alternating with siltstones. Block 1 is therefore considered the boundary block on the NW side of the mine, intended for extraction.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49504654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borers and epizoans on oyster shells from the upper Tortonian, Lower Chelif Basin, NW Algeria","authors":"Rachid Khalili, Linda Satour, Saci Mennad","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"The three oyster lenses of the upper Tortonian of Djebel Touaka site which are described herein contain three species, Crassostrea gryphoides (Schlotheim), Ostrea lamellosa (Brocchi) and Hyotissa squarrosa (De Serre). The density of shell packing between the lenses is dissimilar. Most of the specimens are disarticulated and poorly fragmented; they exhibit a random distribution and orientation, without any distinct sorting. Bioerosion and encrustation are featured on both surfaces of left and right valves. The identified ichnogenera are Entobia (Bronn), Gastrochaenolites (Leymarie, 1842), Caulostrepsis (Clarke, 1908), Trypanites (Mägdefrau, 1932) and Maeandropolydora (Voigt, 1965). Encrusters are scared, represented by juvenile oysters/other bivalves, bryozoans and barnacles. The coexistence of borings on both sides of valves means that they probably occur not only while alive, but they keep happening after death. The oyster beds were deposited in a foreshore to shoreface environment, from the combined action of wave currents and sedimentation rate.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70909769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfossils from Middle Triassic beds near Mišji Dol, central Slovenia","authors":"Katja Oselj, T. Kolar-Jurkovšek, B. Jurkovšek, L. Gale","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Middle Triassic beds exposed along the road between Mišji Dol and Poljane pri Primskovem (Posavje Hills) comprise marlstone, tuff, volcaniclastic sandstone, and thin- to medium-bedded limestone and dolostone. The succession was logged and sampled for conodonts. A relatively rich conodont assemblage was determined, consisting of Budurovignathus gabrielae Kozur, Budurovignathus sp., Cratognathodus kochi (Huckriede), Gladigondolella malayensis Nogami, Gladigondolella tethydis Huckriede, Gladigondolella sp., Neogondolella balkanica Budurov & Stefanov, Neogondolella cf. excentrica Budurov & Stefanov, Neogondolella constricta (Mosher & Clark), Neogondolella cornuta Budurov & Stefanov, Neogondolella sp., Paragondolella excelsa Mosher, Paragondolella liebermani (Kovacs & Kozur), Paragondolella trammeri (Kozur), Paragondolella cf. alpina (Kozur & Mostler), and Paragondolella sp. The assemblage correlates with the upper Anisian and lowermost Ladinian assemblages from the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Ladinian at Bagolino in the Southern Alps in northern Italy. Along with conodonts, numerous specimens of benthic foraminifera Nodobacularia? vujisici Urošević & Gaździcki were recovered from the lowermost part of the succession. Previous research on this taxon is critically evaluated.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46715242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}