Geologija最新文献

{"title":"Isotopic composition of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of petrologically different Tertiary lignites and coals","authors":"T. Kanduč, M. Markič","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic composition of tertiary lignites and coals from six sedimentary basins: Velenje, Mura-Zala, and Zasavje in Slovenia; Sokolov in Czech Republic, Barito in Indonesia; and Istria in Croatia. The aim is to investigate the correlation between the fine detrital (fD) component and δ13C and δ15N in Velenje lignite samples. Additionally, we aim to evaluate the biogeochemical processes of organic substances during their deposition in all analyzed samples, calculate their δ13CCO2 values and compare the analyzed values of δ13C and δ15N to those reported in the literature. Thirty-two samples were analyzed, predominantly from the Velenje ortho-lignite (Pliocene), with additional lignites and coals from the Pannonian to Paleocene epochs for comparison. Carbon isotopic composition (δ13Corg) ranged from -27.9 to -23.6 ‰, and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) ranged from 1.8 to 7.4 ‰. The fine-detrital lithotypes of the Velenje ortho-lignite exhibited the most negative δ13Corg values due to anaerobic bacterial activity in an intramontane alkaline lake environment influenced by the carbonate hinterland. Moreover, gelification processes affected fine-detrital organic matter more than larger wooden pieces. Terbegovci, Hrastnik meta-lignites, and Barito sub-bituminous coal also displayed low δ13Corg values, indicating limited gelification, while variations in the δ15N values suggested differences in mineralization. The Velenje xylitic lithotypes have higher δ15N values, indicating a more intense mineralization under aerobic conditions. Raša ortho-bituminous coal, deposited in a brackish environment, displayed the highest δ13Corg values and a wide range of δ15N values due to fluctuating water tables in a paralic carbonate platform environment. The lowest δ15N value was observed in the Sokolov Basin lignite coal, indicating minimal mineralization and low bacterial activity. The isotopic composition of CO2 in air (δ13Cair), which was calculated using the δ13C values in lignites and coal, ranged from -8.4 to -3.4 ‰, with Velenje lignite displaying the minimum value and Raša coal showing the maximum value. The determined δ13C and δ15N values of the coal and lignite samples in this research fall within the typical range of world coals.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LicenseMiddle Triassic deeper-marine volcano-sedimentary successions in western Slovenia","authors":"D. Skaberne, Jože Čar, Maja Pristavec, B. Rožič, L. Gale","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":"A Ladinian – Carnian volcano-sedimentary succession from western Slovenia, paleogeographically belonging to the western Slovenian Basin, is presented in 17 sections. Except for the lowermost part, which is dominated by volcanics and volcaniclastics, most of the succession is dominated by shale, sandstone, and micritic limestone. Various authors use the name Pseudozilja and/or Amphiclina formation for this part, which is dominated by clastics, but they disagree on the differences between the formations. The lower Pseudozilja formation, represented by the Malenski Vrh section, comprises diabase, tuf and shale. No substantial differences in lithological composition have been observed between the upper Pseudozilja formation and the Amphiclina formation, which are predominantly composed of shale, sandstone, and limestone. The shale and sandstone are largely composed of quartz, feldspar, and lithic grains (especially volcanics), which vary in proportions. Limestone varieties comprise hemipelagic limestones and resedimented carbonates deposited by gravity-flows. Deposition of the Ladinian – Carnian volcano-sedimentary succession took place on or near the continental slope that was generally inclined to the S, with the direction of transport mainly from N to S.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palaeoecological significance of the trace fossil Circulichnis Vyalov, 1971 from the Carboniferous of the Donets Basin, Ukraine","authors":"V. Dernov","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"The ichnogenus Circulichnis Vyalov is a horizontal a ring- or ellipse-shaped burrow and/or locomotion trace of an unknown producer, most likely an annelid or a “worm”, preserved on the bedding plane. This ichnogenus is known over a wide age interval (Ediacaran–Oligocene). Circulichnis demonstrates a wide ecological range and has been found in continental (Mermia ichnofacies), shelf, and relatively deep-water (turbidites) deposits. It is commonly interpreted as a sediment feeding trace, but the peculiarities of its formation remain somewhat mysterious, as it is unclear how the tracemaker reached the sediment surface, as lateral branches of the ring-shaped traces are extremely rare and have only been observed by a few researchers. A rather large specimen of Circulichnis montanus Vyalov, 1971 with a preserved lateral branch was found in the Mospyne Formation (upper Bashkirian, Lower Pennsylvanian) of the Donets Basin. This discovery confirmed the assumption made by Alfred Uchman and Bruno Ratazzi regarding the peculiarities of formation of Circulichnis. According to these authors, a single ring-shaped Circulichnis indicates an attempt to forage at a specific level in the sediment, while the lateral branches of Circulichnis are part of a vertical shaft leading to another level within the sediment. The study of Circulichnis montanus from the Donets Basin has confirmed that at least variant C of the Circulichnis formation scheme proposed by Uchman and Ratazzi is correct, i.e. the lateral branch is a horizontal or subhorizontal part of a generally vertical shaft. However, it is important to note that the correctness of variants A and B of the Uchman and Ratazzi scheme cannot be excluded. To answer this question unequivocally, new finds of well-preserved Circulichnis are necessary.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"58 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonics and gravitational phenomena, part two: The Trnovski gozd-Banjšice-Šentviška Gora degraded plain","authors":"L. Placer, Tomislav Popit, Igor Rižnar","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the recent conditions at the Paleogene thrust contact between the External Dinaric Thrust Belt composed of carbonate rocks and the External Dinaric Imbricate Belt composed of flysch rocks, geographically, between the Trnovski gozd (Trnovski gozd plateau) and the Vipava Valley at the northwestern end of the Dinarides. Fossil and recent gravity-related phenomena that indicate the uplift of the southwestern edge of the External Dinaric Thrust Belt and the larger complex in the hinterland are found there. However, these phenomena are not related to the reactivated Paleogene thrust tectonics, but to the Neogene-recent underthrusting as a consequence of the Microadria (Adriatic Microplate) movement towards the Dinarides. Only arguments for these processes are presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"129 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrology dataset of Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments in northeastern Slovenia","authors":"Eva Mencin Gale, Polona Kralj, M. Trajanova, L. Gale, D. Skaberne","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.008","url":null,"abstract":"This is a dataset of petrological analysis of Pliocene-Pleistocene fluvial sediments from 14 gravely samples from the Slovenj Gradec, Nazarje, Celje and Drava-Ptuj Basin (northeastern Slovenia), collected for clast lithological analysis. The petrological analysis includes description of 155 thin sections of metamorphic, volcanic, volcaniclastic, clastic and carbonate rocks. This dataset provides grounds for determining the provenance of these gravel deposits, revealing possible resedimentation processes, and serves as a tool for drainage network interpretation in the Pliocene-Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"92 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signs of crustal extension in Lower Jurassic carbonates from central Slovenia","authors":"L. Gale, B. Rožič","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"The Lower Jurassic Podbukovje Formation represents a succession of shallow marine carbonate rocks deposited on the former Southern Tethyan Megaplatform and one of its successors, the Adriatic Carbonate Platform. Several outcrops of the Podbukovje Formation from central Slovenia (southern margin of the Ljubljana Moor) are presented, bearing possible evidence of Early Jurassic extensional tectonics. Peritidal facies of the lowermost, Hettangian – Sinemurian, part of the Podbukovje Formation locally interfingers with bodies of matrix supported pervasively dolomitized polymictic breccia, several metres to tens of metres thick and is locally cut by neptunian dykes some few decimetres to metres wide. The same or slightly younger part of the formation locally contains grabens/half-grabens metres to tens of metres deep and filled with poorly sorted pervasively dolomitized matrix supported polymictic breccia. Small miliolid foraminifera are present within the clasts and in the matrix. Finally, partly dolomitized blocky breccia tens of metres thick locally overlies the Pliensbachian – lowermost Toarcian limestone with lithiotid bivalves. Besides completely and partly dolomitized clasts, the breccia contains a variety of limestone clasts and preserves common radial ooids and some bioclasts within the partially dolomitized matrix. The Hettangian-Sinemurian breccias and dykes are presumably related to the early, diffused rifting stage of the Penninic (Alpine Tethys) Ocean, whereas Toarcian breccias relate to the main, focused rifting stage. Together with evolving biota and changing paleo-oceanographic conditions, the extensional tectonics may have been an important factor behind the facies changes observed within the Podbukovje Formation.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"94 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents of potentially toxic elements in sediments and waters of the Meža river and its tributaries draining mine waste deposits","authors":"M. Gosar, Š. Bavec, M. Miler, Martin Gaberšek","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.003","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the monitoring of the contents of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in sediments (2013, 2017, 2020) and waters (2017, 2020) of the Meža River and its tributaries, which drain mining waste deposits, are presented. A total of 13 sample sites were established in a sample scheme that enables long-term observation of the impact of mining waste deposits. In the sediments, the content of PTE, especially Pb, Zn, Cd, Mo and As, is greatly elevated and fluctuates with time. The study area is affected by more than 300 years of mining and ore processing industry. The differences in the contents in various years are most pronounced in the Meža River tributaries, which drain the mining waste dumps. Hydrological conditions have a significant influence on the contents in sediments, as PTE content increases with higher water level and higher water flow. Water erosion of mining waste dumps has a significant impact on the discharge of contaminated material into watercourses. In contrast, in the upper part of the Meža River, we did not observe strong influence of higher water level on the content of PTE in the sediments. Fluctuations in the content between individual years and fluctuations between various hydrological conditions are higher again in the middle part of the the Meža river, downstream from Žerjav. The presented results demonstrate that the contents of Pb, Zn, Cd, Mo and As in the sediments of the Meža River and its tributaries are very high and that they by far exceed the legislative critical value for the soil. PTE contents in the surface water are elevated in some locations and do not change significantly over time. The local concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn exceed the legislative guidelines. We estimate that the dynamics of the sediment load in the Meža River along the towns of Črna na Koroškem, Žerjav and Mežica is very complex. In addition to mining waste deposits, the content of PTE in sediments and waters is also affected by scattered sources in the environment, such as contaminated soil and floodplains and their varying degrees of pollution, as the environment has been burdened by long-term mining, ore processing and smelting activities. Current industrial activity may also have an additional environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"47 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Characterisation of the Učja Aquifer, NW Slovenia","authors":"Petra Žvab Rožič","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"The groundwater characteristics of the Učja aquifer were investigated using geochemical and isotopic data. The water discharge and physico-chemical properties of the groundwater and the Učja River reflect the climate that is characteristic of the area. The mixed snow/rainfall regime is characteristic for the Učja Valley, with the highest discharges appearing during the spring snowmelt and autumn precipitation, and the lowest discharges in the winter and especially summer months. The temperature of the groundwater and the Učja River is lower in winter and higher in summer. The specific electrical conductivity values indicate a very permeable carbonate aquifer. Higher conductivity values were observed in spring and autumn at all sampling sites, which is related to snowy and rainy periods. The groundwater from the Učja aquifer indicates a uniform type of water (Ca-Mg-HCO3), with Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3– the most abundant ions. Differences in Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and in the Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratio between sampling sites were observed. Those springs with lower Mg2+ and lower Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios indicate limestone recharge areas, and those springs with higher Mg2+ and molar ratios indicate interaction with the dolomite hinterland. The pH values confirm alkaline waters characteristic of carbonate aquifers. The hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values suggest the main source of water is from precipitation from a complex mixing of maritime and continental air masses. An altitude isotopic effect is observed with minor δ18O and δ2H depletion at higher altitude sampling sites compared to those springs at lower altitudes. The altitude isotopic effect is most prominent in spring. The δ13CDIC values indicate the dissolution of carbonates and the degradation of organic matter.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139854646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Characterisation of the Učja Aquifer, NW Slovenia","authors":"Petra Žvab Rožič","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"The groundwater characteristics of the Učja aquifer were investigated using geochemical and isotopic data. The water discharge and physico-chemical properties of the groundwater and the Učja River reflect the climate that is characteristic of the area. The mixed snow/rainfall regime is characteristic for the Učja Valley, with the highest discharges appearing during the spring snowmelt and autumn precipitation, and the lowest discharges in the winter and especially summer months. The temperature of the groundwater and the Učja River is lower in winter and higher in summer. The specific electrical conductivity values indicate a very permeable carbonate aquifer. Higher conductivity values were observed in spring and autumn at all sampling sites, which is related to snowy and rainy periods. The groundwater from the Učja aquifer indicates a uniform type of water (Ca-Mg-HCO3), with Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3– the most abundant ions. Differences in Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and in the Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratio between sampling sites were observed. Those springs with lower Mg2+ and lower Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios indicate limestone recharge areas, and those springs with higher Mg2+ and molar ratios indicate interaction with the dolomite hinterland. The pH values confirm alkaline waters characteristic of carbonate aquifers. The hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values suggest the main source of water is from precipitation from a complex mixing of maritime and continental air masses. An altitude isotopic effect is observed with minor δ18O and δ2H depletion at higher altitude sampling sites compared to those springs at lower altitudes. The altitude isotopic effect is most prominent in spring. The δ13CDIC values indicate the dissolution of carbonates and the degradation of organic matter.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139794896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letters of Johann Jacob Ferber Geological descriptions of Slovenia from second half of 18th century","authors":"M. Brenčič","doi":"10.5474/geologija.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"The two translations of letters by Johann Jacob Ferber (1743–1790), a Swedish geologist and mineralogist, who travelled through Slovenia in September 1771, are discussed. The first letter addressed to Ignaz von Born was published in the book »Briefe aus Wälschland über natürliche Merkwürdigkeiten dieses Landes an den Herausgeber derselben Ignatz Edlen von Born« published in Prague in 1773, and the second letter to Giovanni Arduino was published in the book »Raccolta di memorie chimico-mineralogiche, metallurgiche, e orittografiche« published in Venice in 1775. Both letters represent an Enlightenment scientific description of the geology of part of what is now Slovenia, based on the geological theories valid at the time. In the article, we provide brief biographies of the actors, translations of the two letters, their commentary and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":12743,"journal":{"name":"Geologija","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}