Geosystem Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of heavy metal adsorption by modified nano-zeolite","authors":"Hossein Kamran Haghighi, M. Irannajad, A. Mohammadjafari","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2021.1873197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2021.1873197","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, for the first time, nano-sized clinoptilolite zeolite produced by a dry planetary ball mill in the presence of sodium hexametaphosphate was employed to remove heavy metals. Results represented that the concentration of adsorbed ions on nano-zeolite increases with increasing pH, initial concentration of metals, and temperature. The maximum adsorption efficiency for Ni2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ was found to be 74.20%, 97.60%, and 99.50% at a pH of 7.5 and 60°C, respectively. The adsorption of Ni2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ on nano-zeolite increased from 44.40% to 74.20 %, 76.4% to 97.60%, and 94.30% to 99.50% by enhancing temperature from 20 to 60 °C. Furthermore, Gibbs’s free energy obtained from thermodynamic evaluations depicted that adsorptions had spontaneous behavior. According to Langmuir models, the maximum capacity (qm) of Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+using nano-zeolite was found to be 17.79, 17.92, and 18.32 mg/g. Adsorption isotherms showed that results fitted better on the Langmuir model for Ni2+and Cu2+ and the Freundlich model for Cd+2 because the correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.99 for them. Finally, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was selected to interpret the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"101 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2021.1873197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45239737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the Implementation of a Pilot-Scale Kühni Column in Reactive and non-Reactive Condition","authors":"M. Asadollahzadeh, R. Torkaman, M. Torab‐Mostaedi","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2020.1860837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2020.1860837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the primary efforts focused on using the Kühni extraction column with optimal energy and extraction efficiency for the removal of zinc ions from aqueous solution. The implementation of the extractive column was investigated in the reactive and non-reactive conditions. The experimental works illustrate that the extraction efficiency and hydrodynamic parameters, particularly depend on the energy input, phase flow rates as well as on the physical properties of the aqueous and organic phases. Among the operating parameters, the choice of the appropriate range for rotation speed plays a significant role for the removal of zinc ions in the pilot-scale Kühni column. The results showed that in the optimal condition for rotation speed, aqueous phase flow rate, and dispersed phase flow rate equal to 181 rpm, 33 L/h, and 21 L/h, respectively, the amount of zinc extraction reaches a maximum of 99.58%.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"88 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2020.1860837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45177893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of natural gas flooding and its channelling prevention as enhanced oil recovery method","authors":"Dong Lifei, Wang Miao, Wang Wei, Lin Hun","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2021.1878938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2021.1878938","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The natural gas can improve the flooding effect as its excellent flow property and dissolution ability, but it is also easily to form the serious gas channelling when injecting gas continuously. In order to decribe the advantages and disadvantages of natural gas flooding, the oil dispalcement experiments of injecting natural gas after water flooding with different permeability cores are done. The natural gas channelling and its prevention manner are discussed by theoretical and experimental analysis, and the water alternating natural gas (WAG) injection is introduced. The results show that the natural gas flooding can enhance oil recovery after water flooding in different permeability reservoirs, especially in lower permeability reservoirs. The continuously natural gas flooding can easily form and develop the gas channeling. It takes only 0.13 PV to 0.45 PV natural gas injection to form the gas channelling, and spends 0.5 PV to 1.5 PV injection to develop the gas channelling for making the gas-liquid ratio reaching to 200 in the cores with the permeability from 6.876 × 10−3μm2 to 540.124 × 10−3μm2 . The WAG injection with the WAG cycle below 2 can prevent the natural gas channelling and keep the good natural gas utilisation in low/ultra-low permeability reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"33 8","pages":"137 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2021.1878938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41265608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of expanded clay aggregate, metakaolin and silica fume on the of modified lightweight concrete properties","authors":"T. A. Tawfik, Doha M. AlSaffar, B. Tayeh, K. Metwally, I. Elkattan","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2021.1887002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2021.1887002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This investigation aimed to assess the effect of micro-cementitious materials on the mechanical properties and sulphate resistance of modified eco-efficient lightweight concrete (MDLWC). A modified lightweight concrete (MDLWC) was produced by mixing Light-expanded clay aggregate (LECA) with normal coarse aggregate (dolomite cushed rock). The impact of using different percentage of micro-cementitious materials which was micro silica fume (5–20%) and metakaolin(10–35%) on the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile and flexural strength), waves transmission velocity of the ultrasonic pulses and sulphate resistivity of MDLWC was studied. The overall results illustrated that the use of micro-cementitious materials in MDLWC caused an enhancement on MDLWC properties. However, the MDLWC specimens containing micro silica fume showed better results than metakaolin. The best results were observed while using samples containing 10% micro silica fume and 30 % metakaolin individually or combined. In addition, the usage of combined mixture of 10% micro silica fume and 30% metakaolin MDLWC mix showed the best improvement rate in compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths by 25, 53.3 and 66.6%, respectively, compared to control MDLWC specimens. On the other hand, the direct empirical equations were proposed on the basis of strong and nonlinear regression analysis using the test data to predict the mechanical properties of MDLWC relationships, rationally. Experimental tests were conducted on ultrasonic pulses velocity, which showed good correlation equation strength of MDLWC. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated that the pores of concrete is smaller for SF and MK individually or combined with MDLWC compared to the control concrete, demonstrating an enhancement within the interfacial microstructure with the pozzolanas incorporation. The previous difference could be explained due to the concrete strength and sulphate penetrability to an extent.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"145 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2021.1887002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49115978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiments of Sand Distribution among Perforation Clusters in a Horizontal Pipe","authors":"Ting Li, Qi Yang, Faraj A. Ahmad, J. Miskimins, Shaoming Li","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2020.1851307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2020.1851307","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Multistage horizontal fracturing is the key technique in developing shale gas reservoirs. Although the parameters of perforation clusters are almost the same in each stage, production from each perforation cluster is vastly different. One of the factors that influences gas production between perforation clusters is the uneven proppant distribution among perforation clusters. In order to investigate proppant distribution among perforation clusters, the theory on proppant settling along horizontal lateral is presented to calculate the minimal critical velocity. Meanwhile, experiments on 20/40 and 40/70 mesh sand distribution with different concentrations were conducted at different pumping rates utilizing slick water fluids. The experimental parameters of perforation cluster, such as perforation density, length, and distance between clusters are scaled to simulate the actual treatment in shale gas fracturing. Therefore, the experimental results in this study can represent the actual distribution of proppants among perforation clusters. The results are analyzed, and some conclusions are presented. Pumping rate and viscosity are the two important factors that can have a big impact on the sand distribution. At a lower pumping rate, more sand was deposited at the first perforation cluster, whereas at a high pumping rate, more sand was deposited at the third cluster. The viscosity of slick water will also affect sand distribution largely. At a low fluid viscosity, sand distribution was varied much among clusters at the same pumping rate, and sand tended to distribute evenly when the fluid viscosity is increased. Therefore, in order to distribute proppants evenly among perforation clusters, the treatment parameters such as the pumping rate or the viscosity of slick water fluid can be adjusted accordingly.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"77 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2020.1851307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45740203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling temperature distributions and flow conditions of fires in an underground mine drift","authors":"R. Hansen","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2018.1429954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2018.1429954","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An analysis on the modelling of fire gas temperatures and fire gas velocities in a mine drift with longitudinal ventilation is conducted. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and a number of empirical correlations are validated against the results from two full-scale fire experiments in a mine drift. During the analysis it is found that the upper level (ceiling) fire gas temperature at 35 and 50 m from the fire is well fitted when comparing the results from the CFD modelling with the experimental results. The fire gas temperatures at the lower level are found to be over predicted by the CFD model. The ceiling fire gas temperatures directly above the vehicles are over predicted in one case and under predicted in the other case by the CFD model. The empirical models are found to over predict the average fire gas temperature during extensive parts of the fires. The fire gas velocities at the higher section are found to be under predicted and the fire gas velocities at the lower section are over predicted by the CFD model. Future studies should be aimed at developing empirical models for mining applications as well as validating developed CFD models.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"299 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2018.1429954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48396706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of geochemical modelling for hydraulic stimulation in enhanced geothermal systems","authors":"Junbeum Lee, E. Chung","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2020.1832923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2020.1832923","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In an enhanced geothermal system (EGS), the use of fracking fluid generally causes changes in the geochemical properties of a hydrothermal reservoir. In this study, the geochemical changes were estimated through geochemical modelling using PHREEQC, and the modelling results were compared with field data and evaluated. As a result, the model showed an increase of the electrical conductivity in time which is consistent with the measurements. From the comparison between two results, it was found that the injected water was mixed with groundwater and the influence of the groundwater was significant when the hydraulic retention time of the fluid was longer than a day. Also, the chemical properties of the bedrock groundwater significantly could influence on the geochemical reactions in the geothermal reservoir. From the results, it can be concluded that the consideration of the chemical properties of groundwater or formation water is essential for the successful EGS operation.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"342 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2020.1832923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47605331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoenvironmental changes of source rocks from the Carboniferous to Permian sediments of the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, China","authors":"Chong Feng, M. Ma, Wenjun He, Teng Li, Qiuyu Wu, Ze Zhang, H. Zhao","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2020.1802354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2020.1802354","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There are four sets of source rocks from Carboniferous (C) to Permian in Mahu Sag, and the paleoenvironment is the decisive factor for the differences of source rocks. In order to study the controlling effect of paleoenvironmental evolution on the change of source rock properties, the major, trace elements and the total organic carbon (TOC) of 47 core samples from four sets of source rocks were tested. The results indicate that the paleoenvironmental evolution of these four sets of source rocks from C to Permian in Mahu Sag can be divided into five stages. At the end of C and the early stage of deposition of Wuerhe formation (P2w), the paleo climate became warm and humid, and the salinity of water body became small. Meanwhile, the oxidizability of water body gradually became stronger. At the deposition stage of Jiamuhe Formation (P1j), Fengcheng Formation (P1f) and the late stage of deposition of P2w, the paleo climate gradually became hot and dry, and the salinity of water body gradually increased. Meanwhile, the reducibility of water body became stronger. The paleoenvironmental factors controlling the abundance of organic matter in source rocks are different in different stages.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"276 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2020.1802354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49489832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behaviour of rock subjected to uniaxial compression at intermediate strain rate","authors":"Y. Wicaksana, S. Jeon","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2020.1799438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2020.1799438","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents a study of the mechanical behaviour of rock under dynamic compression loading at intermediate strain rate (ISR). A series of laboratory tests were carried out to obtain dynamic uniaxial compressive strength by using a non-explosive powder reaction loading apparatus that was able to generate loading in the ISR range. It was found that the strength of granite and sandstone specimens increases at the ISR range. The results were discussed with a comparison with other findings from multiple references. In general, strength increases linearly at the lower rates and rises significantly at higher rates. Within the ISR range, the tendency is not consistent. Further understanding of rock behaviour within the ISR range needs to be extensively explored. This paper might be useful to understand phenomena involving a dynamic process such as mechanical excavation in which rock experiences a loading lower than high strain rate, i.e., explosive blasting, and higher than static loading.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"243 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2020.1799438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47754045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indications of the sedimentary environments by the sedimentary characteristics and trace elements of Ordovician Majiagou Formation, Northern Shaanxi salt basin","authors":"Linlin Wang, Tao Shi, Dawei Chang, Haitao Zhang","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2020.1778545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2020.1778545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The abundant geochemical information on elements in the autogenous sedimentary rocks can help reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the stratigraphic sedimentation period. Based on the analysis of sedimentary characteristics of Ordovician Majiagou Formation and the trace elements in limestone, dolomite and gypsum rocks in Northern Shaanxi salt basin, the relationship between the distribution of trace elements of Majiagou Formation and the sedimentary environment is discussed. The results display that Majiagou Formation is mainly composed of the sedimentation of carbonate rocks and evaporites, and the subfacies of open platform and restricted platform are developed. The trace element analysis shows that the deposition period of the Majiagou Formation is dominated by dry hot climate, and there are alternating dry and wet seasons in climate evolution. In middle Ordovician, the sedimentary environment of Majiagou Formation was undergoing the transformation of oxygen enrichment-oxygen deficiency-anoxic environment.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"332 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12269328.2020.1778545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}