Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums最新文献

{"title":"Temporitms kā režijas instruments. Ieskats Latvijas režisoru praksē","authors":"Vēsma Lēvalde","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.185","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the research is one of the basic concepts of theatre theory – the tempo-rhythm of the performance. The starting points are the explications of the director Oļģerts Kroders (1921–2012), which give instructions about the intended temporhythm of the production “The Tragic Story of Hamlet, the Danish Prince” (1972). The research also uses examples of the organization of temporhythm in other productions made by Kroders. The purpose of the research is to compare various workstyles to conclude how contemporary directors’ thoughts of temporality in the construction of a theatrical timespace differ from their predecessors’ ideas, whether they plan to change the pace of action, how the rhythm of performance is formed and whether they give importance to the rhythm and tempo of a spoken text. In the course of the research, contemporary directors of different generations were asked these questions. Examples of stage practice in the article are analyzed mainly from the point of view of theatrical semiotics, in which great importance is attached to the relations of time and space in the production and modulation of these relations by means of rhythm and tempo. Attention is also paid to the director’s work with the actor in the rehearsal process, striving to achieve a certain dynamics of the character’s external and internal action, which is consistent with the actor’s technique described in the director and theorist Konstantin Stanislavsky’s book “The Actor: Work on Oneself: The Creative Process of Embodiment”. It was concluded that the temporhythm is an essential professional tool of theatre directing in the organization of the production’s time-space, in revealing the culmination of the action to the viewer, in achieving the unity of form and content also in the 21st century. However, only a part of the directors purposefully works with the actor to bring the character’s internal temporhythm into line with the performance’s temporhythm.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"423 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124139518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diskusijas “Vai Latvijas kino trūkst sieviešu stāstu?” apspriede sociālajā medijā Facebook. Komentāru analīze","authors":"Marita Zitmane","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.306","url":null,"abstract":"Imbalanced gender representation and the reproduction of stereotypes in cinema are the subjects of international discussion and intervention by gender mainstreaming in the film industry. According to the UNESCO 2018 Global Report “Re|Shaping Cultural Policy”, women are under-represented in the film industry, have limited access to resources, and face significant gender pay gaps. Change is needed to create a world in which a woman as often as a man is a decision-maker and in which watching films written, directed, and made by women is widespread. The shortcomings in the management of funding and in the principle of diversity need to be addressed so that viewers can see different and diverse stories and experiences on cinema screens. The discussion “Stolen Kristaps” of the LTV1 program “100 grams of culture” actualized and localized the problem of gender parity in the film industry in Latvia. The discussion that started in TV format also continued on social media. The aim of the article is to explore the discussions inspired by the social media Facebook. The aim of the article is to find out what was discussed, what arguments were used, where are we, and where do we want to go? The analysis of the discussions reveals that there is no consensus among the representatives of the film and art industry on whether the lack of women’s stories in Latvian cinema is a problem. There is also a strong disagreement about possible approaches to resolving the situation.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128392404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latviešu valodas senāko rakstu pieminekļu konvertācija mūsdienu rakstībā: iepriekšējā pieredze un automatizācijas mēģinājumi","authors":"E. Andronova, Anna Frīdenberga, Lauma Pretkalniņa, Renāte Siliņa-Piņķe, Elga Skrūzmane, Anta Trumpa, Pēteris Vanags","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.346","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to describe in brief previous experiences with preparing early written Latvian texts for publication in recent times; we review the first attempts carried out by a working group dealing with the modernization of the Corpus of early written Latvian, examine the process and results of the conversion of early texts into modern spelling, and discuss the terminology associated with this conversion. The topic of this article is early written Latvian texts (16th–18th cc.), modernization of the Corpus of early written Latvian and conversion of early written texts into modern spelling. By means of descriptive analytics, conversion rules are developed. The process of conversion currently in force comprises the following steps: creation of conversion tables; application of the tables in a software algorithm; automated conversion; post-editing; re-reading and detection of mistakes in the converted source (the whole text or part of it if the text is large); analysis of mistakes and supplementation or correction of the conversion tables estimating the usefulness of corrections; repeated automated conversion; quality estimation. 25 conversion tables have been created till now. The process of conversion covers unambiguous, positional, and individual correspondences, which are detected for every single text source. The number of correspondence rules varies from 37 for The Lord’s Prayer by Bruno (1520) to 897 rules for ‘Undeudsche Psalmen’ (1587). In light of the development of Latvian spelling, the number of rules covering the conversion over time gradually decreases because the number of individual rules goes down as the spelling becomes more universal. Due to the fact that the orthography of the 18th c. texts is close to the spelling dominating at the end of the 17th c., we hope to create a conversion pattern that with minor variation could be applied for the bulk of the sources from 18th c.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121545473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandēmijas ietekme operā: Quo Vadis?","authors":"Lauma Mellēna-Bartkeviča","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.195","url":null,"abstract":"Based on relevant examples, the article covers the main challenges faced by the opera genre during Covid-19 pandemic. In summer 2021, almost two concert seasons had passed, providing artists only partial opportunities to do their job, earn money and interact with their audiences. The impact of the pandemic produced in opera could be assessed only in a few years. However, outlining some effects today allows forecasting changes in cultural ecosystem that will influence the development of opera all over the world. The article analyses, firstly, the impact of downtime and interruption of creative processes based on relevant examples, and, secondly, reflects on changes in artistic, technical, technological, and show form issues observed during 2020/2021 season. The first part discusses such issues as reduced income, maintenance of professional form, the necessity of retraining and communication with audiences, meanwhile, the second part covers several opera productions made during the pandemic that reflect conditional changes in preparation, production, and end result. Because of challenges in researching the ongoing process, generalizing conclusions obviously would be a mistake, however the author the comes up presents with several ideas summarizing current challenges in the opera genre today.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129065043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contingency of Bodily Experience in Texts of Lithuanian Poetry","authors":"Jurga Jonutytė, Giedrė Šmitienė","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.037","url":null,"abstract":"The article demonstrates a correlation between the poetic articulation of a non-normative bodily experience and a topic of different modalities (particularly contingency). The main goal of the article is to reveal this probable correlation, thus verses of the three Lithuanian poets will be rethought. All three poets encounter a different and unique bodily experience that is connected to severe kinds of disability. These three ways of articulation of disability in poetical texts demonstrate slightly different focusing on modalities: the first and the third examples (the verse of Rita Skorochodova and Jonas Mačiukevičius) show disclosure of a level of contingency. The second case, the poetry of Elvina Baužaitė, focuses on the level of impossibility (the universal one) being on the verge of necessity. Every example in its own way reveals limits of human abilities, the vulnerability of human existence, the fragility of a life-flow. All these notions can be revealed through experience of disability and because of this experience if only a poet chooses to articulate it. The second part of the article is aimed at revealing the relation between the concept of contingency, the bodily experience, and modes of its articulation. Explaining the correlation of the poetry analysed with the contemporary philosophical texts (especially of some post-humanist authors and representatives of the contemporary social critique) shows that the articulation of contingent situations and non-universal constellations (which is inherent to the contemporary observations of culture) moves the concept of disability out of the margins of cultural discussions and into a most intensive field of observation.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123031095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trimdas publikāciju lasītāji Padomju Latvijā","authors":"Viesturs Zanders","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.144","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an overview about who read (and for what purposes) the books and printed media published in exile while these publications were officially unavailable in Soviet Latvia. The texts written by Soviet propaganda workers and local intellectuals collaborating with the occupation regime authorities in Latvia were mainly meant for splitting and misinforming the Latvian communities in exile. The Soviet press, including the newspaper “Dzimtenes Balss” (The Voice of Motherland) was seeking to create an illusion that in Soviet Latvia, there was free access to publications of Latvians in exile. In reality, only a very limited readership had access to summaries published by the Academy of Science of Soviet Latvia in the eighties of the 20th century. The items published by Latvians in exile were concentrated in the special stock in the Fundamental library of the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR. But one has to understand that any meaningful usage of these items as well as making references to them in scientific publications were very restricted. The same books or periodicals were used by some persons for brewing Soviet propaganda (and accordingly for ideological battles), and at the same time, they were used against other persons as guilt aggravating evidence in criminal cases. One has to note that for evolving this topic, not only the archive documents but also the impressive volumes of the digitized press are very helpful. But critical attitude and understanding of context are needed, otherwise one can get a misleading idea about the presence of publications of Latvian exile in occupied Latvia as well as about their availability for readers.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133786112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kārlis Frīdrihs Vatsons latviešu literārās kultūras vēsturē","authors":"Pauls Daija","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.079","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, an insight into the creative work of Baltic German pastor, historian, ethnographer and writer Karl Fredrich Watson is provided by turning special attention towards previously understudied traits. His only belletrist book in Latvian, “Lasāma grāmata” [A Reading Book] (1816), has been analysed in great detail. It was based on Friedrich Eberhard von Rochow’s work and written in collaboration with Courland physician Johann Heinrich Lichtenstein. This book attempted to include the Latvian reading public in the network of European modern pedagogical ideas and popular enlightenment trends and promoted the development of a new mindset in rural society. It is also valuable as a source of cultural history, as many everyday life observations were included in the book. Watson’s work in the German periodical press has been explored in the article as well as his studies in history and ethnography besides his involvement in establishing the Latvian periodicals – he established and edited the first Latvian newspaper “Latviešu Avīzes” [Latvian Newspaper]. An overview of Watson’s participation at the 1819 debates on Germanization has been provided. The work of Watson has been explored within the context of expanding of ideas and themes in popular enlightenment during the early 19th century by integrating historicism and traits characteristic to Biedermeier age. These developments brought closer radical and moderate wings of enlightenment by integrating ideas outlined by Garlieb Merkel in the views of moderate enlighteners. By exploring these topics, the main turning points in Watson’s biography have been described in the article.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124517850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jaunu formu meklējumi e-teātrī: pandēmijas laika pieredze","authors":"Ieva Rodiņa","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.207","url":null,"abstract":"The time of the Covid-19 pandemic stopped the theatre process and opened the way for new forms and techniques in the virtual environment, updating the concept of e-theatre. The research of these processes from an aesthetic point of view has also stimulated the development of a new discourse in Latvian theatre science, analyzing the technical solution of virtual or e-productions, the impact on viewers, as well as other aspects related to theatrical manifestations in the virtual environment. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the aesthetic strategies and means of expression in Latvian e-theatre, researching this process from a semiotic approach (performance signs and sign systems in the virtual environment), as well as a phenomenological take (the impact of e-performances on the spectator). In the spring of 2020, soon after the Covid-19 restrictions, virtual experiments quickly developed in Latvian theatre. In the context of the global pandemic caused by Covid-19, we can talk about a complete transition of the theatre to a virtual space, forcibly changing the forms of performances to digital formats that do not require viewers and actors to be in the same room. At the same time, this forced transition of the theatre to the digital environment is connected with other risks, such as the natural competition between e-theatre and other virtual content on the internet. The author of the article offers an in-depth analysis of three different Latvian e-theatre performances, offering an overlook of the trends of digital theatre.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122628411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jelgavas meitene pasaulē: ieskats rakstnieces Indras Gubiņas dzīves ģeogrāfijā","authors":"Ingūna Daukste-Silasproģe","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.253","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present article, based on the vast archive of the writer Indra Gubiņa’s (1927–2017) kept in several repositories, like the University of Latvia Academic Library named after Jānis Misiņš, Museum of Literature and Music, and the National Archive of Latvia, was to select the appropriate data and create a map of the Gubiņa’s places of residence and her travels. Such a map was created using the mapping method of the digital humanities, it is available at the site www.literatura.lv – within Gubiņa’s profile. The writer Gubiņa belongs to the generation of writers who left Latvia at the end of WWII, having to leave unfinished studies, then trying to complete their education while at the camps of the displaced persons in Germany, but later – in the countries of their exile. Gubiņa started her literary activities while living in England, later continued them in Canada. Her literary works show everyday life and situation of the Latvian exiles in England and Canada, the impressions of the foreign environment, relationships of people, family and the problems of married life, complications of a woman’s inner world, as well as the relationships between generations, search for the meaning of life, as well as problems of art. The author reflects on life and culture of her age, trying to show the surrounding people as seen through her own eyes, that is the people of that particular age with their characteristic problems. The works follow the tradition of the psychological realistic prose; her poetry is characterized by a romantic, restrained mood, and personal experience. Gubiņa’s literary heritage is quite voluminous, consisting of twenty-seven books – novels, short prose, poetry, and travelogues (Europe, Mexico, Australia). Her writings in general are characterised by strong autobiographical or biographical features and aspects. Several of her works have been reissued in Latvia. She also wrote reviews of art and exhibitions. Gubiņa believed that a person is formed by one’s age, society, and geographical surroundings. The article provides an insight into the personality and work of Gubiņa from the location or geography aspect. It reveals that the most significant locations in the life of the author have been the following seemingly unlikely list: Līvbērze, Jelgava, Lübeck, Bradford, and Toronto. Arriving in Canada provided to Gubiņa her liberty, opportunity to travel and see the world, provided her with new creative impulses, or sometimes simply an occasion to relax, while the way home – to Latvia – was closed. In 1975 Gubiņa visited Soviet Latvia for the first time, then returning more frequently after 1990, though she never found a true feeling of belonging there. For the life geography of Gubiņa, Jelgava is of particularly great importance, though the town was virtually destroyed at the end of WWII. For Gubiņa, this town meant home, now completely lost; all that was left was a dream of home. She lived in Toronto, Canada, for 65 years, always vie","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114153470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Žemaitė XX a. II pusės lietuvių poezijoje ir prozoje","authors":"Solveiga Daugirdaitė","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.105","url":null,"abstract":"The article dedicated to the works of the Lithuanian literature written in the second half of the 20th century depicting the writer Žemaitė (pen name of Julija Beniuševičiūtė-Žymantienė, 1845–1921). This writer was not rejected by the Soviet authorities because of her realistic outline and her democratic political views, the social criticism expressed in her work towards greed, selfishness and clericalism. Lithuanian writers dedicated to her their poetry, fiction, and drama works. However, Soviet writers were also impressed by Žemaitė’s personality traits, which mentioned less frequently in public: independence, perseverance, wit, the courage to stand out from her surroundings and to disregard the societal norms that stifled older women in traditional society. The article analyses the features of Žemaitė’s personality in works of Lithuanian literature created by poets Salomėja Nėris, Judita Vaičiūnaitė, and others. The author reveals how different aspects of Žemaitė’s work and personality were emphasised depending on the time of writing. This change partly reflects the shift of literature from socialist realism to more modern literature. Among the works of prose, the author singles out Bitė Vilimaitė’s cycle of short stories “Apsakymai apie Žemaitę” (Short Stories about Žemaitė) from her collection Papartynų saulė (Fernery Sun, 2002). The stories reveal both the character of Žemaitė, her environment and people close to her, and the most important features of Vilimaitė’s own work: attention to a woman’s fate, subtle psychological insight, attention to detail, and a specific model of a short novella. Since the protagonists of the cycle are usually real people, Vilimaitė’s talent for using documentary material and combining it with fiction is also evident here. The article concludes that Soviet-era authors portraying Žemaitė’s character raised aspects relevant to the time of writing, such as the promotion of national culture, problems of women’s emancipation and, also the fact that for female writers, Žemaitė was a role model.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133040320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}