Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums最新文献

{"title":"No kora Liepājā uz galvenajām lomām Berlīnē: latviešu tenora Artūra Priednieka-Kavaras starptautiskā karjera starpkaru periodā","authors":"Lauma Mellēna-Bartkeviča","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.205","url":null,"abstract":"The article brings to the spotlight Latvian tenor Arthur Cavara (Artūrs Priednieks-Kavara, 1901–1979), one of the most outstanding Latvian operatic tenors of the 20th century in the context of his international career successfully developed in Germany in the 1930s. In both the recently established Latvian Republic and Europe, the interwar period was a very intensive and, at the same time, very contradictory time due to the historical conditions, social processes and political regimes, but it was also the time of opportunities when one of the centres of art life longed for by Baltic musicians was Berlin. Arthur Cavara was one of a few Latvian singers gifted with unique voice qualities, working capacity and a vast repertoire, who managed to develop a successful career on operatic stages in Berlin in a very short time, thus engraving his name in European opera history of the interwar period. In 1927 the young opera choir singer from Liepāja was not hired by Latvian National Opera, and he decided to go to Berlin to study vocal art with Louis Bachner (1882–1945). In a few years, Priednieks-Kavara developed a successful operatic career in Germany, becoming one of the leading tenors of Krolloper un Die Deutsche Staatsoper in Berlin, participating in guest performances in other countries, including South America, and finally, he was critically acclaimed in Latvia, too. The Second World War and related circumstances stopped the singer’s career at its peak, Cavara, together with his family, emigrated first to Germany, a well-known country to him, and afterwards to the USA, where he worked as a vocal coach and opera director. A great deal of facts regarding the life of Latvian tenors in Berlin was documented in letters published in Latvian press of the interwar period and autobiographical works by another opera singer and writer Mariss Vētra (1901–1965), who often met Cavara both in Germany and Latvia. The article traces the career of Cavara until the emigration in 1944.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125321582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tāmnieku dialekta savdabība kā Kurzemes reģionālā diskursa zīme mūsdienu latviešu bērnu literatūrā: Arnolda Auziņa un Ulda Ausekļa dzejas piemērs","authors":"Sandra Okuņeva","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.150","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the study of one of the identifiers of regional literature – the use of local language. The goal of the article is to establish and interpret the nuances and meaning of the use of the Livonian dialect in the poetry of two popular authors of modern Latvian children’s literature – Uldis Auseklis (1941) and Arnolds Auziņš (1931). The analysis of literary texts is based on the work (opinions on idioms, dialects and the use of their features in fiction) of several researchers of regional culture – Keith David Malcolm Snell, Anna Mlekodaj –, and Latvian scholars – Kārlis Mīlenbahs, Marta Rudzīte, Ieva Ozola, Alberts Sarkanis, Dace Strelēvica-Ošiņa and others. The examples of Auseklis’s and Auziņš’s poetry analyzed in the study reveal that in modern Latvian children’s literature, specificially in poetry, dialects are one of the sources of language enrichment and that poets use them consciously and skillfully. Both poets demonstrate a convincing sense of the peculiarities of the Livonian dialect, however, the use of the dialect is influenced by the knowledge of the authors: if the dialect is the language of the author’s native region, then the texts written in it are more numerous and reveal the distinctiveness of the dialect in a more nuanced way. The lexicon characteristic of Livonian dialect – regional words, ethnographic names, also individual expressions, various phonetic peculiarities (loss of sounds, insertions, rearrangements, etc.) and word forms different from the literary language (use of the masculine gender instead of the feminine gender, verb form invariance regardless of person and number, etc.) – is used in modern Latvian children’s poetry most often. In the poems by Auziņš and Auseklis, the use of dialect is dominated by a respectful attitude. Humour in the analyzed texts does not mock the dialect or its speakers, the analyzed texts demonstrate the recognition that the regional language can be perceived as an important part of the national language, not as its opposition. The study shows that the use of the regional language in modern Latvian children's books simultaneously preserves the peculiarities of the dialect and gives them a new life because the unusual expressiveness makes them attractive to the reader and can promote the use of the dialect. Also, the texts written in such idioms can become an important source for the research of linguists, literature and culture scholars, and educational scientists.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129919906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jauns termins labi zināmam jēdzienam valodā, literatūrā, kultūrā – poetonīms","authors":"Anita Helviga","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.072","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to introduce a new term in the Latvian language – poetonīms ‘poetonym’ – which would give one name to a set of proper names of fiction, which are used both in other works of art and in the description of cultural and artistic developments, phenomena, images, both in general lexicon and special lexicon, including terminology. In the proper name system of the Latvian language, the place and usefulness of a new term, which names a well-known concept, a set of proper names from fiction, is identified, marked and explained. It covers not only the set of personal names, but is also related to other proper names – toponyms, ethnonyms, zoonyms, patronymics, matronymics, chrononyms, etc. The term poetonīms was not created in the Latvian language, it has parts of speech characteristic of internationalism, and it is introduced by referring to the works of the Ukrainian philologist Valery Kalinkin. Methodologically, the article is based on cognitive onomastics, which combines the theory of onomastics and the theory of cognitive linguistics. Cognitive onomastics analyses the functioning of proper names in the minds of language users, emphasising the existence of the lexical meaning of proper names alongside the pragmatic aspect. The term biblionīms ‘biblionym’ is also applied as the name of a related concept – a proper name that comes from the Bible.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"409 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130361634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atgriešanās garša: Agates Nesaules romāns “Zudušie saulgrieži gastropoētikas aspektā","authors":"Elvis Friks","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.273","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to research the construction of the neomythic world of the post-exile phenomenon in Agate Nesaule’s (1938–2022) novel “Lost Midsummers” (2018). The narrative of returning to a symbolic homeland through food and drink is described. Particular attention is paid to the post-exile narative, where exile and post-exile become a peculiar binary opposition in the structure of both works. Protagonists have been removed from their homeland (centre) one day to return from a foreign country (wanderings) to a symbolic home. In general, the work of prose actualizes trauma, nostalgia, and memories. The protagonist Kaija does not find the homeland she was looking for after returning to independent Latvia. The protagonist loses her exile identity and goes into an internal post-exile state. Often, after experiencing emotional exile, the new condition in homeland becomes a “second exile”. The motive of the novel determines the use of the structuralist method in the study, where exile and post-exile become the opposite poles of the mythical world. During the period of exile, Kaija is promised to return to the centre, but when she returns to her homeland after several years, she is unable to feel a complete fusion with the newly independent Latvia. The study takes a closer look at how the exile identity was characterised in the early nineties.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121922760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prozas dramatizējumu iestudējumi 21. gadsimta Latvijas profesionālajos teātros. Rūdolfa Blaumaņa piemērs","authors":"Evija Laganovska","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.049","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an insight in on the dramatizations of prose works in the professional theatres of Latvia from 1911 until nowadays. Up until now, there was no systematic research being done on dramatizations as a separate theatrical process. The article also provides an in-depth overview of ten 21st-century dramatizations of Rūdolfs Blaumanis’s (1863–1908) works. Blaumanis is the most staged Latvian writer in the professional theatres of Latvia. It was unsheathed during the research that the frequency of the dramatizations of his works in the 21st century grows. The dramatizations of his works in the professional theatres of Latvia in the period 2000–2020 could be split in to three parts. One part – 22 classic productions of his plays during the aforementioned period; another part – 10 dramatizations of his prose writings, and yet another part – 6 staging works based on the motives of his writings. The tendency of producing a stage version of the prose work of an author might become an educational platform bringing longevity to the writers’ work or even their renaissance. It might raise the general awareness and interest of the public about a specific prose genre. The prose writings of Blaumanis are well suited for dramatization because all author’s short story masterpieces sustain distinct inner dramaturgical rhythm and elements otherwise peculiar to dramaturgy.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134577411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Izdzīvošanas spēks un dzīves vērtības Liepājas Universitātes folkloras arhīva dzīvesstāstos","authors":"Ieva Ančevska","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.084","url":null,"abstract":"The folklore materials of the Liepāja University record many life stories of various Latvian narrators. Some of them are more extensive and cover the people’s ability to survive during difficult periods of history. The purpose of the article is to systematize and analyze the main values depicted in the life stories available in the Liepāja folklore archive. These values helped people survive during the changing times of the 20th century and helped them overcome difficult life situations. The article explores stories of personal experiences which indicate an event experienced by the narrator, as well as life stories that talk about the narrator’s life in general. In addition to life stories, the article also analyzes the folklore materials included by the narrators and their included explanations. The study provided a deeper understanding of the narrators’ outlook on life and their value system. In order to locate the topic in the context of folkloristic theory, the author has used the guidelines developed by several recognized researchers in the studies of personal narratives. The life values depicted in the narrated stories recorded in the folklore materials are arranged according to their thematic lines. These are values related to human character and virtues, attitude to life, emotional balance, physical and mental health. The life stories and personal accounts indicate the main values discussed by narrators during the period. Among these are values nurtured in the family – like virtues of work, patience and perseverance, positive outlook to life and inner strength, values on interpersonal relationships – like optimism, gratitude and helpfulness, kindness, love and trust in nature and natural order. Along with these, values of joy, singing and celebrating are also mentioned – as they restore strength and create a balance between work and relaxation. Overall, it is clear that the values and virtues mentioned in the classical folklore sources have been very important in surviving the changing times of the 20th-century Latvian territory.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127483998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of the Mid-twentieth Century in the Autobiographies of Soviet Lithuanian Writers","authors":"Solveiga Daugirdaitė","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.234","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the autobiographies from the most recent edition of “Autobiographies of the Soviet Lithuanian Writers” (Tarybinių lietuvių rašytojų autobiografijos, vol. 1, A–K, vol. 2, L–Ž, 1989) that have been published under different titles every decade (1957, 1967, 1977). Since these autobiographies were typically written specifically for this book, they are dominated by the accounts of the authors’ literary career and yet inevitably reflect the writers’ attitude towards the dramatic middle of the twentieth century. The author of the article looks at the texts of the Soviet period from a post-Soviet perspective in order to determine how these autobiographies talk about dramatic moments of the twentieth century in Lithuanian history: Soviet occupation in 1940, World War II, 1944–1953 partisan war, and Holocaust. Bearing in mind the writing and publishing conditions of the Soviet times, ideological censorship and censorship in general, it is likely that writers could not express their attitudes freely, nor were they able to objectively identify historical, political and social phenomena associated with the occupation and annexation of the Baltic States and other countries. The term ‘Holocaust’ started to be used in the Lithuanian language around the year 2000. However, the study reveals that during the Soviet era, Lithuanian authors tried to write about their experiences in their autobiographies within the limits of what was allowed during a difficult historical period. Studies of autobiographies and research on the Soviet mentality and literature provide insight into the efforts of writers of the period to use their personal stories to narrate the events of history that were either concealed from public discourse or deliberately distorted.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128036024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latvijas politiskās kultūras jēgas konstrukcijas žurnāla Ir politisko žurnālistu publikācijās 2021.–2022. gadā","authors":"Ojārs Skudra","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.297","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the constructivist-system theoretic approach to the explanation of the communication processes of the media society, the system theoretic approaches to the study of political communication and political culture, using the explanations of party democracy and party state offered by political science, as well as hermeneutics in the comprehension of its method of understanding, the article analyzes the shape of the meaning of political journalists and the relationship of meaning in publications of the journal Ir describing the activities of the government formed by Latvia’s poorly developed political parties and their parliamentary majority factions. The results confirm the realities of Latvia’s weak democratic political culture subcultures identified by international democracy measurements. The formulations of the meaning and meaning of the goals declared by political parties and the coalition government and the activities aimed at achieving them, constructed by political journalists, are mainly addressed to representatives of critical citizen political subcultures who are dissatisfied with the instability and insufficient performance of political democracy in Latvia. The texts of political journalists focus on the stability of the political “cadre parties” of Latvia and the instability of the coalition government, which are mostly described rather than analytically evaluated, making it difficult for readers to recognize the shapes of meaning and the overall relationship of meaning in the existing party state.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"448 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116150110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening Possible Worlds: the Application of the Tool of Network Theory to the Short Stories by Bitė Vilimaitė","authors":"Indrė Žakevičienė","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.060","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the article is to discuss the validity of the Network Theory suggested by Franco Moretti and the possibility of applying it while analyzing short stories. There were two main tasks to be fulfilled – to describe briefly the main statements of Network Theory applied to literature and after the analysis of the texts using the theoretical tool suggested by Moretti to reveal the main features of the prose texts by Lithuanian writer Bitė Vilimaitė (1943–2014), who is considered to be one of the greatest masters of the short story in Lithuanian literature. The examples of the texts for the analyses have been chosen randomly from Vilimaitėʼs selection of the short stories “The Sun of the Fern-grove” (Papartynų saulė, 2002). The networks of the plots of three texts have shown that Vilimaitė uses symmetric and asymmetric schemes, which are being strengthened by specific vertices without any edges. The schemes of the plot help to concentrate on particular characters and analyze their actions or intentions closer, and the vertices without any edges (as an old woman, several witnesses or two dogs in analyzed texts) can be treated as particular starting points for potential stories, which could be developed in the context of the main narrative. Such vertices stipulate an assumption that Vilimaitė uses Hemingway’s principle of iceberg; subsidiary characters (or vertices without the edges in the schemes) are vivid enough to create concrete associations, form a particular background for the vertices with edges (the characters, which are related between themselves by verbal or non-verbal communication) and enrich the scale of possible reactions of the reader.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134472167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mārupītē nogrimusī kurpe: ilgtspējas aspekti ekoteātrī Latvijā","authors":"Kitija Balcare","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.027","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to explore environmentally conscious theatre practices in the Latvian performing arts scene in the period 2019–2022. Firstly, the article provides an insight into the concepts of ecotheatre and ecoscenography according to theatre scholars Una Chaudhuri, Theresa J. May, Lisa Woynarski, Tanja Beer, and Sofia Pantouvaki and their theoretical perspectives. Secondly, the paper identifies the current internal position on sustainability issues within those Latvian theatres which take into account sustainable practices through ecotheatre production process. Thirdly, the article highlights those ecotheatre case studies which demonstrate a sustainability-based approach to performance production. With the rise of environmental issues, the role of performing arts in shaping the ecological consciousness of society is growing. Therefore it is crucial not only to look at the eco-narratives of theatre productions but also to analyse the process of making performances and the related sustainability aspects. Despite the fact that theatre has historically developed an anti-ecological character, there are increasing signs of a shift in thinking among theatre professionals worldwide, towards an awareness of the potential environmental impact of the production and performance. In Latvia too, the last decade – from 2012 to 2022 – has seen an increase in ecotheatre productions that not only use ecodramaturgical materials as their basis but also incorporate sustainability-based practices in the process of creating these productions. The research, rooted in descriptive and comparative methods, shows that small theatre companies are more open and ready to introduce sustainability principles into their theatre activities. The focus on identifying and mitigating ecological impacts in the Latvian theatre scene is currently an individual choice of the artist, lacking a systematic approach to the process of creating performances. With the growth of original drama works about the relations between human and nature, new forms of performance are also entering the theatre repertoires, which allow to address sustainability aspects in the process of performance creation. Considering ecotheatre as a form of environmental activism, it is also important to respect the principles of sustainability in the production of ecotheatre performances, which is why theatre professionals should aim for a systematic approach to sustainability in the production of a performance.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126927372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}