Elections - A Global Perspective最新文献

Electoral Behavior and Politics of Stomach Infrastructure in Ekiti State (Nigeria) 尼日利亚埃基蒂州胃基础设施的选举行为与政治

Elections - A Global Perspective Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81387

M. Omilusi

{"title":"Electoral Behavior and Politics of Stomach Infrastructure in Ekiti State (Nigeria)","authors":"M. Omilusi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81387","url":null,"abstract":"Ekiti State is one of the most literate communities in Nigeria and adjudged to be a politically sophisticated entity within the federation. Expectedly, its politics becomes a research interest for political observers, policymakers and scholars alike. However, the 2014 governorship poll and 2015 general elections in the state present some socio-political paradoxes, contradictions and nuances that need an analytical examination. What could have propelled a state rich in human capital to prefer the choice of \"stomach infrastructure\" over sustainable development? What could have precipitated the rejection of a manifesto-driven candidature in preference for \"I will put smile on your faces\" sloganeering? This study interrogates the philosophical and socio-political underpinnings that may have shaped the political behavior of Ekiti people within the context of its larger Yoruba nation in particular and Nigeria in general. It also examines the nexus between performance in government--as a political investment--and electoral rewards by the voters. It employs the concept of prebendalism to further examine the interplay between politics of the belly and voting behavior in an electoral contest.","PeriodicalId":127050,"journal":{"name":"Elections - A Global Perspective","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130586061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Electoral Legitimacy, Preventive Representation, and Regularization of Authoritarian Democracy in Bangladesh 孟加拉国的选举合法性、预防性代表制和专制民主的正规化

Elections - A Global Perspective Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80929

M. M.

{"title":"Electoral Legitimacy, Preventive Representation, and Regularization of Authoritarian Democracy in Bangladesh","authors":"M. M.","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80929","url":null,"abstract":"Despite variations in its forms, contents, and qualities, arguably regular election is the only tool that upholds the \"democratic\" label of a government. Election works as the only legitimizing factor and, over the past several decades, it has become a popular means for authoritarian political leaders or dominant political parties in young or transitional democracies to consolidate their powerbase. Hence, elections have apparently lost their representative value and have, increasingly, been turned into a democratic means to legitimize and institutionalize undemocratic regimes. This has been the most obvious trend in Bangladesh electoral politics over the past decade. Both national and local level elections are engineered in such ways through manipulating electoral laws, the election commission, and the legal system that effectively developed an intended mechanism of preventive representation. A field of electoral competition emerged from such a mechanism where the opposition parties are formally and informally prevented from entering competition in the first place. Technically, this is shown as deliberate nonparticipation by the opposition parties but, in effect, nonparticipation is deliberately orchestrated by the ruling party. An eventual outcome is a government that is free from the parliamentary or legislative opposition, which helps to regularize an authoritarian democracy in the country.","PeriodicalId":127050,"journal":{"name":"Elections - A Global Perspective","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124583699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Electoral Cycle and Grassroots Realities in Cameroon: The Omnipresent, Overbearing and Contested Political Elite 喀麦隆的选举周期和基层现实:无所不在、专横和有争议的政治精英

Elections - A Global Perspective Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80966

Numvi Gwaibi

{"title":"The Electoral Cycle and Grassroots Realities in Cameroon: The Omnipresent, Overbearing and Contested Political Elite","authors":"Numvi Gwaibi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80966","url":null,"abstract":"Electoral periods in Cameroon involve an impressive mobilisation of human, material and financial resources. Campaigning is marked by rallies, speeches, door-to-door solicitations, as well as vote buying, intimidation, ballot box stuffing etc. Electoral manipulation involves selective voter registration, tampering with the electoral roll and other administrative manoeuvres. At the centre of these activities is a group of people known locally as the political elite. These elites notably the head of state Paul Biya, key cabinet members, government officials etc. have been at the helm of the state since independence in the 1960s. At the receiving end are grassroots populations, who over the years witnessed the political elite appear on the eve of elections and disappear immediately thereafter. On occasion, the grassroots are able to see through the mirage, which often leaves some members of the political elite staring into the abyss. This chapter is based on events around the 2013 municipal and legislative elections in Mbankomo in the Centre Region of Cameroon. I employed participant observation, document and archival analysis, interviews among others to unearth and document the complex relationship between grassroots populations, party officials and other high-ranking members of the governing CPDM party during election periods in Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":127050,"journal":{"name":"Elections - A Global Perspective","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128204009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

How Italian Female Local and National Politicians Perceive and Cope with Obstacles in a Gatekeeping Political Culture 意大利女性地方和国家政治家如何感知和应对守门人政治文化中的障碍

Elections - A Global Perspective Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81728

D. Francescato, M. Mebane

{"title":"How Italian Female Local and National Politicians Perceive and Cope with Obstacles in a Gatekeeping Political Culture","authors":"D. Francescato, M. Mebane","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81728","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of decades of women's political battles, there is a persistent underrepresentation of women in legislative bodies, with only 23.8% in 2018. In this chapter, we discuss theories and empirical studies that have explored what kind of obstacles female politicians are more likely to meet and how they cope with them, when they face more hurdles, and why we need more women elected to political office. Furthermore, we report the results of several studies, which have involved 233 Italian national politicians (46% females), 425 local politicians (56% females), 626 political activists (44% females), and 3249 ordinary citizens (49% females). Results of these studies show that female politicians face mainly external obstacles as the gatekeeping theory maintains. Women find obstacles all along their political career supporting labyrinth hypotheses. Females at all levels of political involvement scored higher in self-transcendence values that emphasize concern for the welfare of others, partially confirming the politics of presence theory. Female politicians were also more open to change and less conservation oriented than their male colleagues. Our findings in general support ethical struggles for a more balanced gender representation.","PeriodicalId":127050,"journal":{"name":"Elections - A Global Perspective","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the Effect of Voters’ Media Awareness on the 2016 US Presidential Election 估计选民的媒体意识对2016年美国总统大选的影响

Elections - A Global Perspective Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80964

Lauren Dique, M. Gallego

引用次数: 0

Judicialization and Citizens: Elites and Election Practices—Chile, 1860–1920 司法化与公民:精英与选举实践——智利，1860-1920

Elections - A Global Perspective Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80931

Juan Cáceres Muñoz

{"title":"Judicialization and Citizens: Elites and Election Practices—Chile, 1860–1920","authors":"Juan Cáceres Muñoz","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80931","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the judicialization and election practices and their impact on Chilean citizens in the nineteenth century. It is established that the formation and maintenance of an archaic political-electoral system served for many decades the interests of an elite that kept the middle and lower classes excluded from political participation. The political culture of the elite, which was tied to fraud, corruption, bribery, and intimidation against the voters, was not transformed by the decorative political and electoral reforms. In that context, these forms of behavior were supported by the existence of a pseudo-democratic government that ruled with a complete indifference of the legal and constitutional standards and whose main victims were poor people and farmers frequently treated despotically. The lack of a \"human rights culture,\" meaning, the idea that all individuals have rights, as well as the absence of a genuine competition between parties to regulate the political power through equal and effective vote, showed, until around 1920, the fragile state of a political-electoral system controlled by the infights between important families that alternated their position in ruling.","PeriodicalId":127050,"journal":{"name":"Elections - A Global Perspective","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125810160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Does Not Vote and Why? Implication for New Democracies 谁不投票，为什么不投票?对新民主国家的启示

Elections - A Global Perspective Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80988

E. B. Tambe

{"title":"Who Does Not Vote and Why? Implication for New Democracies","authors":"E. B. Tambe","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80988","url":null,"abstract":"With the attention of scholars already drawn to the decline in voter turnout in new democracies after the first wave of open/competitive elections, by relying on aggregate data studies have provided explanations for cross-national variations in turnout. Yet, the reliance on aggregate data makes it hard to establish what had lead individuals to abstain from the political process. Thus, in this chapter, by using individual-level analysis from the European Social Survey and the Afrobarometer we re-interrogate the determinants of non-voting in two new democracies of post-Communist Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. Having tested the various explanations for non-voting, first, our results show some consistency across the two regions, suggesting non-voters are those who lack any form of psychological engagement with politics, who are isolated from the recruitment networks and live in urban areas. Second, our result tends to be contradictory, in which while in post-Communist Europe non-voters are men and those with lower level of education in sub-Saharan Africa they are women and those with higher level of education. Third, pertaining to country level indicators, apart from the fact non-voters in both regions are those who have no trust in elections and who lived in countries with disproportional electoral systems, the results tend to be varied.","PeriodicalId":127050,"journal":{"name":"Elections - A Global Perspective","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121853102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Presidential Elections of 1934 in Colombia and Mexico 1934年哥伦比亚和墨西哥的总统选举

Elections - A Global Perspective Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81232

O. Rodríguez

引用次数: 0