{"title":"Chapter Eight: Latin America","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23740973.2017.1311545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23740973.2017.1311545","url":null,"abstract":"The Northern Triangle countries of Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador strengthened their institutional capacity to fight corruption in 2016, establishing new agencies and implementing reforms to reduce criminal groups’ influence on politicians, business leaders and security personnel. Although the conflict there caused the deaths of around 16,000 people in the year, this was around 10% fewer than in 2015. Endemic violence and intimidation by powerful gangs combined with economic underdevelopment to drive migration northwards: the number of unaccompanied children from Northern Triangle countries apprehended at the southern US border increased by 65% in fiscal year 2016 (ending on 30 September).","PeriodicalId":126865,"journal":{"name":"Armed Conflict Survey","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134060605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter Seven: Europe and Eurasia","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23740973.2017.1311544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23740973.2017.1311544","url":null,"abstract":"The overall dynamics of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh remained largely unchanged in 2016. Negotiations on conflict resolution were deadlocked. In the first three months of the year, Armenia and Azerbaijan continued to regularly accuse each other of using heavy weaponry and violating the ceasefire along the Line of Contact. In a dramatic escalation, on 2 April fighting broke out in Aghdara, Tartar, Agdam, Khojavend and Fuzuli – territory controlled by the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army – before spreading to other areas (the sides blamed each other, but there was little verifiable information on who was responsible). Deteriorating security, armed clashes and exchanges of fire were still a constant feature of the conflict. However, three aspects of the April escalation, which became known as the Four-Day War, were particularly disturbing: the sides’ use of more artillery, tanks and aircraft than at any time since the 1994 ceasefire; shifts in patterns of territorial control; and the number of casualties. The US Department of State estimated that around 200 people were killed during this phase of the escalation. Other sources suggested there were more than 300 fatalities, although these Key statistics 2015 2016","PeriodicalId":126865,"journal":{"name":"Armed Conflict Survey","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122655185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter Three: Middle East","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23740973.2017.1311540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23740973.2017.1311540","url":null,"abstract":"Despite reports of a decrease in violence in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt failed to quell the jihadist insurgency in the region in 2016. There, the security forces often faced deadly attacks by Wilayat Sina (Sinai Province), an affiliate of the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL, that dominated the insurgency throughout the year. Elsewhere in Egypt, radicalised cells of Muslim Brotherhood members and anti-coup operatives became more focused in their terrorist campaign – as was underlined by the formation of Hassm (Determination) and Liwa al-Thawra (Brigades of the Revolution) in the second half of 2016. Although most Egyptians remained largely unsympathetic to Islamist activity, they grew increasingly disenchanted with President Abdel-Fattah Al-Sisi. Police brutality, forced disappearances and arbitrary detention stoked heavy criticism of the security forces, and made international headlines with the death of Italian doctoral student Giulio Regeni in January. Sisi’s popularity was severely damaged by his attempt to cede control of two islands in the Red Sea, Tiran and Sanafir, to Saudi Arabia. The agreement led to significant tension between Cairo and Riyadh, which had Key statistics 2015 2016","PeriodicalId":126865,"journal":{"name":"Armed Conflict Survey","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116601656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor's Introduction","authors":"Arien Mack","doi":"10.1080/23740973.2017.1311537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23740973.2017.1311537","url":null,"abstract":"PER IO D ICA LLY W E DEVOTE AN ISSU E OF SOCIAL RESEARCH TO A concept th a t figures im portan tly in bo th our private and public lives and abou t w hich m uch has been w ritten . In th e last 10 years, we have published issues on “M artyrdom, Self Sacrifice, and Self Denial,” “Fairness,” “Busyness,” “Courage,” and “Sham e.” These issues have in com m on a concern for how th e m eanings o f these key concepts may change over tim e and how th e ir im portance m ay wax and wane. For our sum m er 2010 issue, we have chosen “H appiness” as our subject. Like th e them es th a t preceded it, “H appiness” has been cen tral to discussions o f our public and private lives from as long ago as th e ancien t Greeks. In fact, happiness is, o f course, w hat all U.S. citizens are given the righ t to pursue even if we are no t certain o f ju st w hat it is we are pursuing. It is w hat Aristotle believed was the proper end of life—“Happiness is the m eaning and th e purpose o f life, th e whole aim and end of h um an existence”—and it is th e basis o f th e proper state according to Bentham: “The greatest happiness o f th e greatest num ber is the foundation o f m orals and legislation.” In recent years, efforts to m easure happiness have m ultiplied a hundredfold and are flourishing in the fields o f economics and psychol ogy, am ong others. There is even a Gross International Happiness proj ect tha t, w ith its roots in Bhutan, involves institu tions in countries all over the world. The aim of the GIH project is to develop m easures o f a country’s well-being th a t go far beyond sim ply its gross national prod uct and per capita income to include m easures o f the quality o f the lives o f individuals. This effort is driven at least in part by the finding o f an alm ost com plete disconnect betw een the rise in the standard o f living and reported happiness.","PeriodicalId":126865,"journal":{"name":"Armed Conflict Survey","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126950982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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