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Distributing tobacco in the dark: assessing the regional structure and shipping patterns of illicit tobacco in cryptomarkets 在黑暗中分销烟草：评估加密市场非法烟草的区域结构和运输模式
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2020.1799787
Rasmus Munksgaard, D. Décary‐Hétu, Aili Malm, A. Nouvian
{"title":"Distributing tobacco in the dark: assessing the regional structure and shipping patterns of illicit tobacco in cryptomarkets","authors":"Rasmus Munksgaard, D. Décary‐Hétu, Aili Malm, A. Nouvian","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2020.1799787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1799787","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The size of the global market for illicit tobacco products is estimated to be between USD$8.6 and USD$11.6 billion yearly. In addition to an estimated cost of USD$40.5 billion in lost tax revenue the illicit tobacco market further increases the accessibility of a harmful substance for minors and provides a revenue stream for both organised crime and violent political groups. In this paper, we examine how tobacco products are distributed globally through illicit online platform economies known as cryptomarkets. Using data from the cryptomarket Empire, we find tobacco products remain a small niche market exclusively shipping from the EU and that shipping patterns suggest the emergence of new supply routes for end-consumers within Western Europe originating from the UK. We find that the market for tobacco on cryptomarkets remains minimal, as in previous research, compared to the market for drugs.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2020.1799787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Vory: Russia’s Super Mafia Vory:俄罗斯的超级黑手党
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-05-21 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2020.1767366
A. Anisin
{"title":"The Vory: Russia’s Super Mafia","authors":"A. Anisin","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2020.1767366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1767366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"22 1","pages":"166 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2020.1767366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43870922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An impressive view on profit driven cybercrime: a review of J. Lusthaus’ industry of anonymity 对利润驱动的网络犯罪的深刻见解:J. Lusthaus的匿名产业评论
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2020.1743935
M. Weulen Kranenbarg
{"title":"An impressive view on profit driven cybercrime: a review of J. Lusthaus’ industry of anonymity","authors":"M. Weulen Kranenbarg","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2020.1743935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1743935","url":null,"abstract":"With Industry of Anonymity, Jonathan Lusthaus has written a thorough scientific book which reads like a novel and keeps you interested till the end. The empirical work on which this book is based i...","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"21 1","pages":"327 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2020.1743935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46964105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(Con)trolling the Web: Social Media User Arrests, State-Supported Vigilantism and Citizen Counter-Forces in Russia 网络攻击：社交媒体用户被捕、国家支持的警戒和俄罗斯公民反政府武装
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2020.1719836
Rashid Gabdulhakov
{"title":"(Con)trolling the Web: Social Media User Arrests, State-Supported Vigilantism and Citizen Counter-Forces in Russia","authors":"Rashid Gabdulhakov","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2020.1719836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1719836","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article applies Haggerty and Ericson’s surveillant assemblage concept to the recent wave of social media user arrests in Russia. In doing so, it addresses the legislative frameworks applied to online self-expression, depicts the nuances of legal charges pressed against select social media users, assesses the role of formal law enforcement and vigilant citizens recruited to extend the state’s watchful gaze, and elaborates on citizen counter-forces resisting the tightening state control over the digital domain. The article argues that Russia’s internet users appear to be trolled by the ruling elite through the use of obscure legal frameworks and the stampede of actors and practices where select individuals face legal charges for their activities on social media, while other users face no consequences for the same engagements. Such unpredictability stimulates self-censorship, making the system effective by virtue of its dysfunctionality. Methodologically, the study relies on desk research and field interviews.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"21 1","pages":"283 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2020.1719836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47171016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
A methodology for estimating the illicit consumption of cigarettes at the country level 国家一级估计香烟非法消费量的方法
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2020.1724786
Alberto Aziani, Marco Dugato, Cecilia Meneghini
{"title":"A methodology for estimating the illicit consumption of cigarettes at the country level","authors":"Alberto Aziani, Marco Dugato, Cecilia Meneghini","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2020.1724786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1724786","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper introduces and discusses a methodology for estimating the scale of illicit consumption of cigarettes at a national level. After reviewing current data gathering approaches and estimates, the paper delineates a methodology to estimate the consumption of each type of illicit cigarette (i.e., counterfeits, illicit whites, smuggled/trafficked genuine cigarettes). The proposed methodology is tested through estimating the size and characteristics of the illicit cigarette market in 27 Member States of the European Union in 2016. The results, which underline the heterogeneity in the quality and in the quantity of the illicit consumption of cigarettes in Europe, are presented along with considerations about the strengths and limitations of the proposed methodology in relation to extant approaches.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"21 1","pages":"154 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2020.1724786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44687468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Features of transnational illicit waste trafficking and crime prevention strategies to tackle it 跨国非法废物贩运的特点及应对这一问题的预防犯罪战略
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2020.1719837
Daniela Andreatta, Serena Favarin
{"title":"Features of transnational illicit waste trafficking and crime prevention strategies to tackle it","authors":"Daniela Andreatta, Serena Favarin","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2020.1719837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1719837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the growing interest in illicit waste trafficking (IWT), studies that empirically address the issue are still few. Mostly, they fail to present in-depth analysis of the different stages of IWT and to suggest crime prevention strategies. This study conducts a crime script analysis of five cross-border judicial cases from Italy to other countries. This method makes it possible to shed light on the characteristics of the different stages of transnational IWT in terms of actors, modi operandi, and crime opportunities. From the results of the script analysis, the study proposes possible solutions for IWT through the application of the situational crime prevention framework. The results show the existence of opportunities at all stages of the waste cycle, modi operandi that are common among different cases, and several actors who intervene and create an illegal network. Situational crime prevention measures can provide useful suggestions for reducing the most frequent opportunities.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"21 1","pages":"130 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2020.1719837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41929088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Homicide as a function of city block layout: Mexico City as case study 凶杀与城市街区布局的关系:以墨西哥城为例
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-01-27 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2020.1715219
Carlos Vilalta, Robert Muggah, Gustavo Fondevila
{"title":"Homicide as a function of city block layout: Mexico City as case study","authors":"Carlos Vilalta, Robert Muggah, Gustavo Fondevila","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2020.1715219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1715219","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Focused on Mexico City, this article offers a seminal examination of the relationship between block layout and intentional homicide. The authors applied multilevel random-intercept negative binomial models to assess the contribution of block layout characteristics to homicide counts while controlling for other factors related to the physical environment and socioeconomic disadvantage. The assessment finds that container-type city blocks registered the highest likelihood of homicide incidence. It also shows that blocks with metro stations also had a statistically higher likelihood of homicide incidence. By contrast, building-type blocks exhibited the lowest likelihood of recording a homicide. Ultimately, the physical environment model provided a better fit to the data than the socioeconomic disadvantage model. The main conclusion is that homicide incidence in Mexico City may be more a function of block layout than socioeconomic composition. One implication is that urban planning may have more potent crime prevention effects than widely believed.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"21 1","pages":"111 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2020.1715219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60250407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Digital vigilantism and anti-paedophile activism in Russia. Between civic involvement in law enforcement, moral policing and business venture 俄罗斯的数字私刑和反恋童癖活动。在公民参与执法、道德监管和商业风险之间
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-01-14 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2019.1676738
Gilles Favarel-garrigues
{"title":"Digital vigilantism and anti-paedophile activism in Russia. Between civic involvement in law enforcement, moral policing and business venture","authors":"Gilles Favarel-garrigues","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2019.1676738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1676738","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rise of a reactionary political agenda in favour of traditional values led to the launching of an anti-paedophile campaign in Russia in the early 2010s. Taken on by ‘moral entrepreneurs’ well known by the general public for their familialist ideology and homophobic speeches, the issue of paedophilia was used to justify the adoption of legislative measures reinforcing a clampdown on child abuse and punishing those who disseminate propaganda about ‘non-traditional’ sexual relations to minors. This political agenda fuelled the emergence in Russian cities of self-proclaimed and competing ‘rule enforcers’, who began acting like vigilantes, setting traps for presumed paedophiles, purportedly in order to defend children. Contributing to a man-hunt atmosphere, these volunteers mix features of classical and digital vigilantism. However, they use digital tools not only to gather evidence or to publicise the identity of an alleged offender, but also to make a profit.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"21 1","pages":"306 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2019.1676738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45714650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Poisonous connections: a case study on a Czech counterfeit alcohol distribution network 有毒的联系:捷克假酒分销网络的案例研究
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2019.1645653
T. Diviák, J. Dijkstra, T. Snijders
{"title":"Poisonous connections: a case study on a Czech counterfeit alcohol distribution network","authors":"T. Diviák, J. Dijkstra, T. Snijders","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2019.1645653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1645653","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using data on 32 actors and ties among them drawn from available court files, we combine analytical sociology with statistical models for networks in order to analyse a case of a counterfeit alcohol distribution network from the Czech Republic. We formulate a theory of action and identify relational mechanisms which could explain how the structure of the network emerged and describe. We use the exponential random graph model to test these mechanisms. The analysis reveals that the two actors capable of manufacturing the poisonous mixture were considerably though not optimally proximate to others enabling fast distribution of the mixture. Our model results that the structure was formed by mechanisms of triadic closure, negative tendency to concentrate ties, and tie translation of pre-existing ties into operational ties. We conclude with the discussion of the implications our approach for the study of criminal networks.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"21 1","pages":"51 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2019.1645653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46904133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Exploring interrelationships between high-level drug trafficking and other serious and organised crime: an Australian study 探讨高级别贩毒与其他严重有组织犯罪之间的相互关系：澳大利亚的一项研究
IF 2.2
Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2019.1615895
C. Hughes, J. Chalmers, David Bright
{"title":"Exploring interrelationships between high-level drug trafficking and other serious and organised crime: an Australian study","authors":"C. Hughes, J. Chalmers, David Bright","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2019.1615895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1615895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drug trafficking is frequently argued to be the leading driver of other serious and organised crime, but the interrelationships between such activities remain poorly understood. This paper uses open source law enforcement data to explore interrelationships in Australia. A database was compiled of all reported criminal incidents of high-level drug trafficking between 2011 and 2017 and any concurrent charges for other serious and organised crime (SOC), sourced from official reports and press releases of Australian federal law enforcement and criminal intelligence agencies. Over the seven-years period 24.4% drug trafficking cases involved concurrent SOC charges. Logistic regressions showed characteristics associated with any concurrent SOC charge included the type of drug trafficked, network size, network nationality and OMCG ties. But characteristics differed according to which SOC was cited in connection with the drug trafficking offence e.g. firearms offences versus corruption/fraud. We discuss the implications for research, policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"21 1","pages":"28 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17440572.2019.1615895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46165914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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