Distributing tobacco in the dark: assessing the regional structure and shipping patterns of illicit tobacco in cryptomarkets

IF 1.4 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Global Crime Pub Date : 2020-07-31 DOI:10.1080/17440572.2020.1799787

Rasmus Munksgaard, D. Décary‐Hétu, Aili Malm, A. Nouvian

引用次数: 6

Abstract

ABSTRACT The size of the global market for illicit tobacco products is estimated to be between USD$8.6 and USD$11.6 billion yearly. In addition to an estimated cost of USD$40.5 billion in lost tax revenue the illicit tobacco market further increases the accessibility of a harmful substance for minors and provides a revenue stream for both organised crime and violent political groups. In this paper, we examine how tobacco products are distributed globally through illicit online platform economies known as cryptomarkets. Using data from the cryptomarket Empire, we find tobacco products remain a small niche market exclusively shipping from the EU and that shipping patterns suggest the emergence of new supply routes for end-consumers within Western Europe originating from the UK. We find that the market for tobacco on cryptomarkets remains minimal, as in previous research, compared to the market for drugs.

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在黑暗中分销烟草：评估加密市场非法烟草的区域结构和运输模式

摘要据估计，全球非法烟草产品市场的规模每年在86亿至116亿美元之间。除了估计损失405亿美元的税收外，非法烟草市场还进一步增加了未成年人获得有害物质的机会，并为有组织犯罪和暴力政治团体提供了收入来源。在这篇论文中，我们研究了烟草产品是如何通过被称为加密市场的非法在线平台经济在全球分销的。使用来自加密市场帝国的数据，我们发现烟草产品仍然是一个专门从欧盟发货的小利基市场，而且运输模式表明，西欧最终消费者出现了源自英国的新供应路线。我们发现，与之前的研究相比，加密市场上的烟草市场仍然很小。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Global Crime CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

4.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Global Crime is a social science journal devoted to the study of crime broadly conceived. Its focus is deliberately broad and multi-disciplinary and its first aim is to make the best scholarship on crime available to specialists and non-specialists alike. It endorses no particular orthodoxy and draws on authors from a variety of disciplines, including history, sociology, criminology, economics, political science, anthropology and area studies. The editors welcome contributions on any topic relating to crime, including organized criminality, its history, activities, relations with the state, its penetration of the economy and its perception in popular culture.