{"title":"Standardization of business-to-business electronic exchanges","authors":"M. Sherif","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629329","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a review of the history of business-to-business exchanges (e-business) from the perspective of standardization. The starting point is EDI (electronic data interchange), which has continued to thrive even as Web applications have increased their popularity. We then discuss the various approaches to assure EDI security on open networks, because they are gradually displacing private networks for transport. We also discuss the various ways for migrating existing EDI applications to new interfaces based on XML (extensible markup language) and web service. Finally, we give an assessment of the evolution of e-business standardization.","PeriodicalId":126469,"journal":{"name":"2007 5th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132846628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interoperability and democracy: A political basis for open document standards","authors":"L. DeNardis, Eric Tam","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629327","url":null,"abstract":"This paper employs democratic theory as a method of inquiry into the political implications of openness in information and communication technology (ICT) standards. Our account describes four ways in which ICT standards have political implications in democratic societies: standards can have implications for other democratic processes; standards can affect the broader social conditions relevant to democracy; the content and material implications of standards can themselves constitute substantive political issues; and lastly, the internal processes of standards-setting can be viewed politically. After providing examples of these political implications, we examine various conceptions of openness in ICT standards and describe a maximal definition of openness as a conceptual pole that anchors one end of the spectrum of potential standards policy options. We then develop some guidelines as to the contexts in which democratic values require a greater degree of openness in both the substance of technical standards and their development. In particular, we examine the function of documents and document formats in democratic governments and suggest that movements toward open document standards are highly beneficial in democratic societies.","PeriodicalId":126469,"journal":{"name":"2007 5th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129084442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Platform competition and ‘failure’ in the standardization paradigm","authors":"P. Ballon, Richard Hawkins","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the question: ldquoWhat is the relationship between standards and business models?rdquo and illustrates the conceptual linkage with reference to developments in the mobile communications industry. The short case studies of Mobile-ICT illustrate that regardless of institutional orientation or process, the most important standardization strategy for equipment and service providers is to create platforms that are open to the development of complementary products and services while at the same time preserving the proprietary edge necessary to ensure lock-in effects. Both cases yield strong reasons to doubt whether many of the traditional advantages of standardization (interoperability, economies of scale, positive externalities etc.) will be achieved equitably for all of the stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":126469,"journal":{"name":"2007 5th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125955343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formulas for Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory royalty determination","authors":"D. Salant","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2009010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2009010105","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes an axiomatic approach to determining ldquofair, reasonable, and non-discriminatoryrdquo (ldquoFRANDrdquo) royalties for intellectual property (ldquoIPrdquo) rights. Drawing on the extensive game theory literature on ldquosurplus sharing/cost sharingrdquo problems, the author describes specific formulas for determining license fees that can be derived from basic fairness principles. In particular, the author describes the Shapley value, the proportional sharing rule and the nucleolus. The proportional sharing rule has the advantage that it is the only rule that is invariant to mergers and splitting of the IP owners. The author also explains why, at times, there may be not acceptable to solution. Further, the author contrasts these rules with the efficient component pricing rule (ldquoECPRrdquo) suggested by Baumol and Swanson. Unlike, the ECPR, the rules identified in this paper can uniquely determine license fees when there is more than one owner of essential IP, and also incorporate various notions of fairness and equity.","PeriodicalId":126469,"journal":{"name":"2007 5th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130988303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inverse infrastructures: Coordination in self-organizing systems","authors":"T. Egyedi, J. Vrancken, J. Ubacht","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629314","url":null,"abstract":"The paper argues that a new category of infrastructures is emerging, user-driven, self-organizing and with de-centralized control: inverse infrastructures (IIs). IIs are not well-understood. Moreover, they represent a paradigm shift in infrastructure development. Their bottom-up development shows tension with the current socio-institutional framework for infrastructures. Internationally infrastructure laws and policies are based on a top-down and centralized view of infrastructures. Regulation is based on a control paradigm that does not fit the characteristics of inverse infrastructures and has no ways to deal with them. Policy (re)design is needed in the face of inverse infrastructure emergence.","PeriodicalId":126469,"journal":{"name":"2007 5th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133141858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standards and infrastructure flexibility: Literature review","authors":"J. Spirco, V. Fomin, T. Egyedi","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629318","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a literature review the paper investigates how standards influence flexibility of information technology (IT) infrastructures. Thereby we explore the concept of flexibility, the ways of achieving it and identify the characteristics of standards that influence flexibility. The existing literature regards standards both as a stabilizer of technology and as a means to increase flexibility. We conclude that both views are well supported and do not contradict each other, and both flexibility and stability are required for the development of infrastructures. Even though some characteristics of standards can directly influence infrastructure flexibility, the way standards are implemented will also determine their influence on flexibility. We exemplify the developed ideas with some examples from the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in supply chain infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":126469,"journal":{"name":"2007 5th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116415387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of the impact of network topologies on standardization decisions","authors":"S. Schade, Jochen Strube, Peter Buxmann","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2007.4629317","url":null,"abstract":"Choosing the right set of communication standards is fundamental in any kind of interaction, especially in the coordination of economic activities. The related decision problem, generally referred to as the ldquostandardization problemrdquo, mainly results from interdependencies due to positive network effects. This paper describes the standardization problem, an abstract decision model for assessing the economic value of using standards in communication networks. Previous research investigates the standardization problem mostly in random networks. Motivated by the network analysis of recently examined other network topologies, this paper presents a comparison of simulation results for standardization problems in random, small world and scale free networks. It shows amongst others that random networks exhibit a special solution structure tending to complete standardization. Small world and scale free networks on the other hand, have different solution structures, one with partial standardization as the most common optimal solution and complete standardization, depending from their specific creation parameters.","PeriodicalId":126469,"journal":{"name":"2007 5th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114985564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}