IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1130/g53496.1

Elizabeth J. Davis, Juliet G. Crider, Ralph A. Haugerud, Emily Roland, Ginevra Moore

{"title":"Deformed submarine terraces in Puget Sound, Pacific Northwest, indicate only one M >∼7.5 earthquake on the Seattle fault zone in the past 11,000 yr","authors":"Elizabeth J. Davis, Juliet G. Crider, Ralph A. Haugerud, Emily Roland, Ginevra Moore","doi":"10.1130/g53496.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53496.1","url":null,"abstract":"Submerged marine terraces in Puget Sound, deformed across the Seattle fault zone (SFZ), indicate that only one earthquake as large as M ∼7.5 has occurred in at least the past 11 k.y. Previous paleoseismic studies documented an M ∼7.5 earthquake between 923 and 924 CE, which uplifted coastal marine terraces by as much as 8 m. We demonstrated that this earthquake was the only such event since ca. 11 ka by mapping and quantifying deformation of older marine terraces that are now submerged in Puget Sound. The submerged terraces, attributed to a late-glacial sea-level lowstand, record both glacial isostatic rebound and tectonic deformation. Vertical offset of the ca. 11 ka terraces within the SFZ is comparable to that of the marine terraces uplifted in 923 CE, implying no additional large (M &gt;∼7.5) earthquake on the SFZ since ca. 11 ka. This result implies a longer recurrence interval than current hazard estimates, which assume recurrence of M &gt;7.1 events every 5 k.y. Our mapping of SFZ deformation since ca. 11 ka also supports fault segmentation and contiguous block uplift between the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formation of lauoho o Pele (Pele’s hair) by extreme stretching of bubbly magma 气泡岩浆的极端拉伸形成了贝利的头发

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1130/g53972.1

Janina K. Gillies, Edward W. Llewellin, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Colin Rennie

{"title":"Formation of lauoho o Pele (Pele’s hair) by extreme stretching of bubbly magma","authors":"Janina K. Gillies, Edward W. Llewellin, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Colin Rennie","doi":"10.1130/g53972.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53972.1","url":null,"abstract":"Lauoho o Pele (often called Pele’s hair) is a common product of basaltic volcanism, produced during Hawaiian lava fountaining, gas jetting, and on the surface of flowing lava. The morphology—long thin strands of glass—indicates that these strands are formed through stretching of filaments of melt. The prevailing model is that they are formed by the action of jets of volcanic gas that “spin out” threads of melt, which quench as hairs. However, this mechanism does not explain the formation of lauoho o Pele on lava flows and lava lakes, or the occurrence of “hanks” of lauoho o Pele—bundles of hundreds to thousands of near-identical aligned strands. We propose and test an alternative mechanism: that lauoho o Pele can be formed by the extreme stretching of parcels of bubbly magma. We created pucks of synthetic bubbly magma using techniques derived from artistic hot-glass working, which we then stretched mechanically. This process produces bundles of filaments, similar to lauoho o Pele, via the stretching of the plateau borders where three bubbles meet; the number of filaments is determined by the abundance of bubbles in the molten glass. We find that lauoho o Pele forms at high vesicularity in our experiments, which is consistent with the interiors of high Hawaiian lava fountains, and the surfaces of lava lakes, and proximal and intubated lava flows.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"418 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilient tropical marine ecosystems during early Eocene global warming events 始新世早期全球变暖事件中的弹性热带海洋生态系统

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1130/g54281.1

Chris D. Fokkema, Tobias Agterhuis, Danielle Gerritsma, Peter K. Bijl, Marlow J. Cramwinckel, Appy Sluijs

引用次数: 0

Methanogenesis and siderite precipitation in coal: Significance for carbon sequestration 煤中产甲烷和菱铁矿沉淀：对固碳的意义

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1130/g54235.1

Jintian Zheng, Shifeng Dai, Victor P. Nechaev, David French, Ian T. Graham, James C. Hower, Jingjing Liu, Shaowei Zhang, Shuai Kang, Mengda Yao, Yang Liang, Yutang Zhang

{"title":"Methanogenesis and siderite precipitation in coal: Significance for carbon sequestration","authors":"Jintian Zheng, Shifeng Dai, Victor P. Nechaev, David French, Ian T. Graham, James C. Hower, Jingjing Liu, Shaowei Zhang, Shuai Kang, Mengda Yao, Yang Liang, Yutang Zhang","doi":"10.1130/g54235.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54235.1","url":null,"abstract":"Coal deposits derived from peat play a key role in Earth’s carbon cycle by facilitating the burial and transformation of organic carbon. However, the role of mineral precipitation in peat-forming environments, particularly the microbially mediated formation of siderite and its contribution to carbon cycling, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate a Jurassic siderite-bearing coal seam to reconstruct mineral paragenesis and constrain diagenetic conditions during peat accumulation. Authigenic, 13C-rich siderite associated with methanogenesis formed under acidic and reducing conditions, consistent with precipitation equilibrium simulations that show enhanced siderite saturation at elevated CO2 pressures. Our results suggest that siderite genetically associated with coal may have acted as an inorganic carbon sink by limiting greenhouse-gas release during peat decomposition, thereby reducing CO2 emission by 2% within the studied paleo-peat deposit and sequestering ∼12.67 Gt of CO2 across three Jurassic coal basins. These findings reveal a previously overlooked pathway for carbon fixation in coal measures, with potential for both deep-time climate and modern greenhouse gas mitigation.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147274367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An eastern extension of the layered-only zone of Australasian tektites 澳大拉西亚纯层状石英带的东部延伸

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1130/g54080.1

Qing Pan, Zhiyong Xiao, Rui Xu, Yunhua Wu, Pan Yan, Hejiu Hui, Xianwei He, Chunguang Feng, Zhi Cao

{"title":"An eastern extension of the layered-only zone of Australasian tektites","authors":"Qing Pan, Zhiyong Xiao, Rui Xu, Yunhua Wu, Pan Yan, Hejiu Hui, Xianwei He, Chunguang Feng, Zhi Cao","doi":"10.1130/g54080.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54080.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Australasian tektite strewn field is the largest and youngest known in the Cenozoic, and its bilateral symmetry indicates an oblique impact oriented from northwest to southeast. Muong Nong−type (layered) tektites are the largest, least shocked, and most proximal tektites in the strewn field. The spatial relationship between the layered-only zone in the central Indochina Peninsula, where only Muong Nong−type tektites occur, and the undiscovered source crater remains understudied. Here, we report the spatial distribution and stratigraphic occurrence of Australasian tektites in China, revealing that southwestern Hainan Province has another layered-only zone (∼6300 km2), whereas splash-form tektites dominate farther north. We demonstrate that the two confirmed layered-only zones are symmetric about the impactor trajectory, consistent with ejecta patterns formed by oblique impacts on extraterrestrial planetary bodies. Considering the absence of layered-only zones in the uprange direction, these findings constrain the source crater to the Yinggehai−Song Hong Basin and suggest that it is likely concealed by thick terrigenous sediments.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147274357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lithospheric multilevel structural controls on the genesis of orogenic gold deposits 岩石圈多层构造对造山带金矿成因的控制

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1130/g53834.1

Nian Yu, Tianqi Wang, Matthew J. Comeau, Lijun Liu, Bo Xu, Zikun Zhou, Wenxin Kong, Zhuang Miao, Zengqian Hou

{"title":"Lithospheric multilevel structural controls on the genesis of orogenic gold deposits","authors":"Nian Yu, Tianqi Wang, Matthew J. Comeau, Lijun Liu, Bo Xu, Zikun Zhou, Wenxin Kong, Zhuang Miao, Zengqian Hou","doi":"10.1130/g53834.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53834.1","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of large and superlarge mineral deposits results from the accumulation of significant quantities of mineralized materials, driven by multistage geological processes. However, the complete migration pathway of orogenic gold systems—ranging from deep magmatic sources to crustal mineralization—remains elusive. Here, we integrate multiscale electrical resistivity models with lamprophyre isotopic analyses to establish a coherent metallogenic framework for the Daping gold deposit in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. High-resolution magnetotelluric data reveal interconnected low-resistivity anomalies, delineating a continuous, translithospheric pathway. These vertically aligned anomalies represent (1) metasomatized mantle domains enriched in volatiles and Au-bearing melts; (2) transcrustal magmatic-hydrothermal channels facilitating melt ascent; and (3) shallow fluid exsolution loci controlling ore precipitation. Geodynamic simulations further suggest that migration efficiency is influenced by the overlying lithospheric structure—specifically, crustal-scale fault networks channel the metal-rich fluids, while rheological contrasts around the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary regulate the migration pathway of melt. This study, by unveiling the multilevel structural framework for mineralizing fluid migration for the first time, establishes a unified model that structurally connects mantle reservoirs with near-surficial gold deposits and systematically integrates isotopic signature, geophysical evidence, and translithospheric fluid pathways. Recognizing such a multilevel lithospheric control system not only bridges the critical observational gap between mantle sources and surface mineralization but also offers a predictive framework for gold exploration.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147274388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A mantle origin for high-Sr late Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites 晚太古宙高sr闪长岩-闪长岩-花岗闪长岩套的地幔成因

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1130/g54038.1

L.M. Spencer, R.H. Smithies, H.M. Williams, O. Nebel, I.J. Parkinson, C.J. Lissenberg, M-A. Millet

{"title":"A mantle origin for high-Sr late Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites","authors":"L.M. Spencer, R.H. Smithies, H.M. Williams, O. Nebel, I.J. Parkinson, C.J. Lissenberg, M-A. Millet","doi":"10.1130/g54038.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54038.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suites are the dominant constituent of Archean continental crust and as such are key in understanding the origin of Earth’s continents. Their geochemical variability is typically thought to reflect metabasite melting over a range of pressures (1 to ≥2 GPa). Recent studies challenge this interpretation and have proposed that a subset of “high-pressure” TTGs with very high Sr concentrations and Sr/Y instead formed by fractional crystallization of metasomatized mantle-derived sanukitoid magmas. Here we use titanium stable isotope variations to demonstrate that Neoarchean high-Sr TTGs from the Yilgarn craton (Western Australia) are equivalent to evolved sanukitoids, whereas other Neoarchean Yilgarn TTGs are best explained by metabasite partial melting in the garnet stability field, hence recording contemporaneous formation of TTGs by two distinct mechanisms. High-Sr TTGs are near ubiquitous in Archean cratons globally, became abundant after ca. 3 Ga, and most are spatially and temporally associated with sanukitoids. These observations point to widespread formation of TTGs from mantle-derived magmas in the late Archean and may reflect a change in geodynamic processes at this time.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control of early diagenesis on rare earth element cycling and enrichment in pelagic hydrothermal-influenced sediments 早期成岩作用对深海热液沉积中稀土元素循环富集的控制作用

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1130/g54294.1

Yinan Deng, Ganglan Zhang, Yangtao Zhu, Mingyu Zhao, Pengcong Wang, Jun Cao

引用次数: 0

Crustal weakening by mantle upwelling in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原东南部地幔上升流导致的地壳弱化

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1130/g54154.1

Jiachen Wang, Haijiang Zhang, Zengqian Hou, Bo Xu, Hao Guo, Clifford H. Thurber, Robert D. van der Hilst

{"title":"Crustal weakening by mantle upwelling in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Jiachen Wang, Haijiang Zhang, Zengqian Hou, Bo Xu, Hao Guo, Clifford H. Thurber, Robert D. van der Hilst","doi":"10.1130/g54154.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54154.1","url":null,"abstract":"The conspicuous eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau is evident and uncontroversial from geological surface expressions and remote sensing, but the mechanisms that cause it have remained enigmatic. The extrusion has been attributed to ductile deformation of a weak crust. This is consistent with the discovery of middle-lower crustal low (seismic)−velocity zones (LVZs), but the cause of crustal weakness and the origin and nature of the LVZs are debated, with competing hypotheses including channel flow from central Tibet, local fluid content, and mantle-derived processes. We present a high-resolution 3-D seismic attenuation (Qp) model of the crust and uppermost mantle in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results reveal high-attenuation anomalies in the middle-lower crust that overlap with previously imaged LVZs but extend across the Moho into the uppermost mantle. These anomalies correlate spatially with Cenozoic magmatism, mantle-derived helium isotope signatures, zircon Hf-isotopes, and major strike-slip faults. This suggests that the crust in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau is weakened from below, possibly by upwelling induced by tearing of the subducted Indian slab.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"323 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal linkages of explosive activity of Kolumbo and Santorini Volcanoes (Greece) 科伦坡火山和圣托里尼火山爆发活动的时间联系（希腊）

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1130/g53965.1

A. Metcalfe, K. Pank, T.H. Druitt, S. Kutterolf, J. Preine, P. Nomikou, C. Hübscher, T.A. Ronge, Expedition Three-Ninety-Eight Scientists IODP

{"title":"Temporal linkages of explosive activity of Kolumbo and Santorini Volcanoes (Greece)","authors":"A. Metcalfe, K. Pank, T.H. Druitt, S. Kutterolf, J. Preine, P. Nomikou, C. Hübscher, T.A. Ronge, Expedition Three-Ninety-Eight Scientists IODP","doi":"10.1130/g53965.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53965.1","url":null,"abstract":"The histories of submarine explosive volcanoes are commonly poorly known due to inaccessibility of their eruptive archives. This raises uncertainties in the eruption frequencies of these highly hazardous systems, and in their interactions with neighboring volcanoes. The submarine Kolumbo Volcanic Chain (KVC) northeast of Santorini is made up of the polygenetic Kolumbo Volcano and a linear zone of more than 20 smaller volcanic cones and is one of the most active eruptive centers on the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. However, despite the destructive eruption of Kolumbo in 1650 CE, and unrest in 2024−2025, the eruptive history of the KVC is poorly known. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 398 deep-drilled the seafloor at two sites on the western flank of Kolumbo. Here, we use tephrostratigraphy to identify 19 explosive eruptions of the KVC (probably mostly Kolumbo itself) ranging from basaltic andesite to rhyolite in composition and beginning at ca. 265 ka. The lifespan-averaged recurrence time of explosive activity along the KVC is ∼6 k.y. (but as low as ∼1 k.y. between 178 ka and 164 ka), although many of these eruptions were smaller than that of 1650 CE. The birth of Kolumbo coincided with the transition of Santorini to highly explosive activity, possibly due to joint interactions with regional lithospheric stresses. Moreover, the three main phases of edifice construction at Kolumbo (ca. 265−193 ka, 24 ka, and 0.4 ka) broadly correspond to periods of caldera-forming eruptions at Santorini, reflecting additional couplings between the two volcanic systems on shorter time scales.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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