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A New Method for Determining Gem Tourmaline Species by LA-ICP-MS LA-ICP-MS测定宝石电气石种类的新方法
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.5741/GEMS.55.1.2
Ziyin Sun, Aaron C. Palke, C. Breeding, B. Dutrow
{"title":"A New Method for Determining Gem Tourmaline Species by LA-ICP-MS","authors":"Ziyin Sun, Aaron C. Palke, C. Breeding, B. Dutrow","doi":"10.5741/GEMS.55.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.55.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48304123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Land of Origins: A Gemological Expedition to Ethiopia 起源之地:埃塞俄比亚的宝石学考察
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.5741/GEMS.55.1.72
W. Vertriest, D. Girma, P. Wongrawang, Ungkhana Atikarnsakul, Kevin Schumacher
{"title":"Land of Origins: A Gemological Expedition to Ethiopia","authors":"W. Vertriest, D. Girma, P. Wongrawang, Ungkhana Atikarnsakul, Kevin Schumacher","doi":"10.5741/GEMS.55.1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.55.1.72","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48396252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Natural-Color Pink, Purple, Red, and Brown Diamonds: Band of Many Colors 自然色的粉色、紫色、红色和棕色钻石:多种颜色的组合
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5741/GEMS.54.2.352
S. eaton-magaña, T. Ardon, Karen V. Smith, C. Breeding, J. Shigley
{"title":"Natural-Color Pink, Purple, Red, and Brown Diamonds: Band of Many Colors","authors":"S. eaton-magaña, T. Ardon, Karen V. Smith, C. Breeding, J. Shigley","doi":"10.5741/GEMS.54.2.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.54.2.352","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond is one of Earth’s most extraordinary materials. It represents the pinnacle for several material and physical properties. As a gem, however, it is the near-perfect examples—diamonds attaining the D-Flawless distinction—and those with imperfections resulting in a vibrant or surprising color that create the most enduring impressions. Fancy-color natural diamonds are among the most highly valued gemstones due to their attractiveness and great rarity. The 18.96 ct Winston Pink Legacy, with a color grade of Fancy Vivid pink, recently made history by selling at over $50 million, its $2.6 million per carat price an all-time high for a pink diamond (Christie’s, 2018). This article is the third in a series of studies on natural colored diamonds: Breeding et al. (2018) discussed the color origin of green diamonds, and EatonMagaña et al. (2018) dealt with blue/gray/violet diamonds. Here we summarize the color origin of orangy pink, purplish pink to pinkish purple, brownish pink to pinkish brown, pink, red, purple, and unmodified brown diamonds. Although this article cov-","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47306321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Field Gemology: Building a Research Collection and Understanding the Development of Gem Deposits 野外宝石学:建立研究收藏和了解宝石矿床的发展
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5741/gems.55.4.490
W. Vertriest, Aaron C. Palke, Nathan D. Renfro
{"title":"Field Gemology: Building a Research Collection and Understanding the Development of Gem Deposits","authors":"W. Vertriest, Aaron C. Palke, Nathan D. Renfro","doi":"10.5741/gems.55.4.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.55.4.490","url":null,"abstract":"GEMS & GEMOLOGY WINTER 2019 Over the last decade, GIA has invested considerable resources in determining the geographic origin of certain gemstones. The field gemology program plays an essential role in these studies. Its mission is to build, maintain, and expand a reliable reference collection of scientific samples (figure 1). These stones are used for research by GIA’s gemologists and research scientists. This article explains the challenges of geographic origin research, sample collection, and the current state of GIA’s colored stone reference collection. The development of gemstone deposits is also discussed, and an overview is provided of the most important localities for which GIA offers origin determination.","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45966035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Geographic Origin Determination of Ruby 红宝石的地理来源测定
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5741/gems.55.4.580
Aaron C. Palke, Sudarat Saeseaw, Nathan D. Renfro, Ziyin Sun, S. McClure
{"title":"Geographic Origin Determination of Ruby","authors":"Aaron C. Palke, Sudarat Saeseaw, Nathan D. Renfro, Ziyin Sun, S. McClure","doi":"10.5741/gems.55.4.580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.55.4.580","url":null,"abstract":"GEMS & GEMOLOGY WINTER 2019 The world ruby market has changed dramatically in modern times, especially in the last decade with the discovery and development of ruby mining in Mozambique (Chapin et al., 2015). As the gem trade has witnessed turbulent and dramatic changes in the ruby supply chain, the concept of geographic origin has become increasingly important to people buying and selling fine rubies. Often, the origin of a ruby plays an important role in the value placed on the stone, especially for exceptional quality rubies from Myanmar (figure 1). As with other colored gemstones, the ruby trade relies to a large extent on reputable gemological laboratories to make these origin determinations. In the second material-specific article of this series we delve into the world of rubies, their gemological properties, and characteristics that may aid in geographic origin determination. The following sections will detail the origin data GIA has collected for rubies and describe the methodology used in the lab to apply this data to geographic origin work.","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42405775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Geographic Origin Determination of Blue Sapphire 蓝蓝宝石的地理起源测定
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5741/gems.55.4.536
Aaron C. Palke, Sudarat Saeseaw, Nathan D. Renfro, Ziyin Sun, S. McClure
{"title":"Geographic Origin Determination of Blue Sapphire","authors":"Aaron C. Palke, Sudarat Saeseaw, Nathan D. Renfro, Ziyin Sun, S. McClure","doi":"10.5741/gems.55.4.536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.55.4.536","url":null,"abstract":"GEMS & GEMOLOGY WINTER 2019 The twentieth century witnessed a surge of discoveries of blue sapphire deposits around the world. As the gem trade has evolved alongside these developments, geographic origin determination has become a major consideration in buying and selling sapphires. In some cases, the value of a stone can depend strongly on its origin, such as the Kashmir sapphires shown in figure 1. The trade largely relies on reputable gemological laboratories to make these origin determinations, which are based on comparison with extensive reference collections (see Vertriest et al., 2019, pp. 490–511 of this issue) and advanced analytical methods (see Groat et al., 2019, pp. 512–535 of this issue). After more than a decade of efforts by GIA’s field gemology and research departments to acquire reliable samples in the field and collect reference data, blue sapphire remains one of the greatest challenges when it comes to origin determination. The following sections will detail the origin data GIA has collected for blue sapphire and describe the laboratory’s methodology for using this data in geographic origin determination.","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Corundum with Spinel Corona from the Tan Huong-Truc Lau Area in Northern Vietnam 越南北部Tan Huong Truc Lau地区带尖晶石电晕的刚玉
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5741/GEMS.54.4.404
Nguyễn Ngọc Khôi, C. Hauzenberger, C. Sutthirat, D. A. Tuan, T. Häger, N. Nam
{"title":"Corundum with Spinel Corona from the Tan Huong-Truc Lau Area in Northern Vietnam","authors":"Nguyễn Ngọc Khôi, C. Hauzenberger, C. Sutthirat, D. A. Tuan, T. Häger, N. Nam","doi":"10.5741/GEMS.54.4.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.54.4.404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The History and Reconstruction of the Amber Room 琥珀屋的历史与重建
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5741/gems.54.4.393
R. Shor
{"title":"The History and Reconstruction of the Amber Room","authors":"R. Shor","doi":"10.5741/gems.54.4.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.54.4.393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46534920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Color Origin of Gem Diaspore: Correlation to Corundum 宝石二孢子的颜色起源：与刚玉的关系
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5741/GEMS.54.2.394
Chen Shen, Ren Lu
{"title":"The Color Origin of Gem Diaspore: Correlation to Corundum","authors":"Chen Shen, Ren Lu","doi":"10.5741/GEMS.54.2.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.54.2.394","url":null,"abstract":"position in the gem market due to its rarity, striking pleochroism, and color-change phenomenon (figure 1). The material’s value depends on these factors. A clear understanding of color origin offers considerable benefits for gemological testing, cutting, and even valuation of gem diaspore. By replacing the major elements in definite structural units through isomorphous substitution, trace elements play an important role in the color of gemstones. The AlO6 octahedra is a significant structural unit that produces color when different trace elements substitute for Al. For example, Cr3+ substitutes for Al3+ in the AlO6 octahedra in jadeite and spinel, causing green and red color (Lu, 2012; Malsy, 2012), while the substitution of Fe3+ for Al3+ in sapphire produces yellow color (Emmett et al., 2003). Diaspore and corundum have a similar chemical composition and crystal structure (see figure 2). Diaspore, with the chemical formula AlO(OH), belongs to the orthorhombic space group 2/m 2/m 2/m (Hill, 1979); corundum, with the chemical formula Al2O3, belongs to the trigonal space group 3̅ 2/m (Lewis et al., 1982). The crystal structure of diaspore consists of AlO4(OH)2 octahedra, whereas the corundum crystal structure consists of AlO6 octahedra (Hill, 1979; Lewis et al., 1982). Both types of crystals are composed solely of octahedral units. In addition, the diaspore structure is able to convert to corundum structure through dehydration (Iwai et al., 1973). Due to their closely related crystallographic structure and chemical composition,","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45452021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Geology of Corundum and Emerald Gem Deposits: A Review 刚玉和祖母绿矿床地质研究进展
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学
Gems & Gemology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5741/gems.55.4.464
G. Giuliani, L. Groat
{"title":"Geology of Corundum and Emerald Gem Deposits: A Review","authors":"G. Giuliani, L. Groat","doi":"10.5741/gems.55.4.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.55.4.464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12600,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41359952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
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