ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment最新文献

{"title":"The Twinning of Inflation and Unemployment Phenomena in Saudi Arabia: Phillips Curve Perspective","authors":"A. Bokhari","doi":"10.5709/ce.1897-9254.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.403","url":null,"abstract":"The global economy has witnessed many economic fluctuations and waves of inflation and recession. With the consideration of achieving price stability as a primary goal of the economic policies, any attempt to eliminate inflation means accepting higher rates of unemployment, and vice versa. This conflict relationship was explained by the Economist “Phillips”, who developed the inflation/unemployment curve. After the emergence of the stagflation phenomenon, this relationship became an object of argument and skepticism. Therefore, the key point of this study is to investigate the tradeoff relationship between inflation and unemployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 1988-2017. The co-integration and error correction approaches have been utilized, to determine the equilibrium relations in the long-run and short-run, and the causality direction between the two phenomena. Johansen test indicated that a long-run co-integration relationship was existed. Based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), results provide evidence in favor of the long-runs negative causation running from unemployment to inflation. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant evidence of short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation in the Saudi economy.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"464 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122500176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Behavior of Okun's Law across Business Cycles","authors":"Luiggi Donayre","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3604542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3604542","url":null,"abstract":"Using threshold regression analysis, this paper studies how the relationship between unemployment and output, known as Okun's law, varies across business cycles measures. At the U.S. aggregate level, the results indicate the presence of strong asymmetries in the relationship characterized by three different regimes, where the sensitivity of unemployment to output decreases with economic activity for all measures of business cycles considered. For the preferred threshold variable, Okun's law is strong when the unemployment gap grows faster than 1.07 percentage points above the natural rate of unemployment, coinciding with periods of deep recessions. The sensitivity is smaller in absolute value when it grows between -0.70 and 1.07 percentage points during mild recessions, and weakens even further when the unemployment gap falls below -0.70 percentage points during periods of expansion, revealing a flattening, but also a shift, of Okun's law. The results are robust to the measure of business cycle, the specification of Okun's law, the speed of output growth, the frequency of the data and the identification of the gaps. The analysis also finds support for the nonlinear nature of Okun's law at the state and international levels.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114201991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Job Change after becoming a Pensioner Contribute to Maintaining Employment In Old Age?","authors":"O. Sinyavskaya, A. Cherviakova, E. Gorvat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3531661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3531661","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the relation between labor mobility in pre-retirement and retirement ages and further employment in old age in Russia. Older workers often face the challenge of keeping their job due to impaired health, age discrimination, and other factors. Job change can be a potential strategy to maintain employment in old age. Our study uses panel data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) for 2010–2017. Logistic regression models show that labor mobility can be an effective strategy to maintain employment in old age but only for men. Older workers are more likely to change their job if they do not have stable employment relationships and are not satisfied with their current job.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125032277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Minimum Wage Puzzle in Less Developed Countries: Reconciling Theory and Evidence","authors":"C. Adam, Edward F. Buffie","doi":"10.5089/9781513527888.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513527888.001","url":null,"abstract":"We show that a dynamic general equilibrium model with efficiency wages and endogenous capital accumulation in both the formal and (non-agricultural) informal sectors can explain the full range of confounding stylized facts associated with minimum wage laws in less developed countries.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122126659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Taxation on Immigration","authors":"Henry Ordower","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3648682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3648682","url":null,"abstract":"Rules governing admission of immigrants to stable, developed countries vary widely among countries, yet wealthy immigrants with capital to invest and highly educated immigrants receive favorable admission decisions from immigration authorities more frequently and quickly than do conflict and economic refugees who will become part of a substantially fungible labor force. As preferred immigration destination countries limit the number of immigrants they will admit — the U.S. certainly does —, admissions are likely to follow a hierarchy based on expectations that certain immigrants will contribute significantly to the economy and welfare of the destination country in a manner that distinguishes them from other applicants for admission. Admission standards and practices also may favor some applicants over others on the basis of race, religion, and country of origin. Immigration has changed the face of many economically developed countries and introduced a diversity of cultures into formerly homogeneous mono-cultures. \u0000 \u0000Conflict zones and weak economies drive immigration from those areas to wealthier and more stable areas. At the same time, high taxes and regulation fuel emigration from wealthy stable economies to lower tax, less regulated jurisdictions. Labor flight to lower tax jurisdictions historically has not been prevalent because rendition of services has been location dependent. However, the rapid growth of technology has made many industries independent of the location of their service providers. Cross-border competition for some labor has grown. While top scientists and medical professionals have been in demand since at least the early years of the 20th century, demand for technology expertise has accompanied growing international reliance on technology. The emergence of English as a common, international language has removed linguistic barriers to international commerce and individuals with technical training and expertise are able both to work remotely and relocate. Competition for skilled individuals in many realms has become international and less developed countries which have devoted their limited resources to educating and training their citizens to develop expertise and skills are concerned about losing those they have educated to other countries that might offer higher salaries and better living circumstances. \u0000 \u0000This paper explores the role that taxation plays in the movement of people and capital. Part I addresses the relationship between taxes and retention of capital, including tax incentives for capital investment, shifting tax burdens from capital to labor, and rules preventing the escape of capital from its current taxing jurisdiction. Part II considers how taxes supplement immigration policy to attract capital currently outside the jurisdiction. Part III contemplates whether taxes play any significant role in attracting or retaining skilled labor. Part IV looks at taxes and tax trends and identifies how they disadvantage or","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132160565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment and Wages over the Business Cycle in Worker-Owned Firms: Evidence from Spain","authors":"Jose Garcia-Louzao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3498358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3498358","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares worker-owned firms and mainstream capital-owned enterprises over the business cycle. Specifically, I study whether conventional employees in worker-owned firms enjoy greater employment stability than similar workers in traditional enterprises over the business cycle, and investigate whether this stability is associated with greater volatility of working-time or wages. Unlike the literature that has compared partners of cooperatives to wage-earners of mainstream firms, I compare wage-earners across both type of organizations along the three margins of adjustment. To perform the econometric analysis, I rely on rich Spanish administrative data and panel data methods to account for composition differences between the two types of organizations. The results show that worker-owned firms offer higher job security because they do not adjust employment levels over the business cycle as much as mainstream enterprises. Wages and working-time, instead, are equally responsive across the two types of firms. The findings can be rationalized by the presence of similar labor regulations and differences in the objectives of the two type of organizations. Namely, both types of firms are constrained by regulations, such as the national Labor Code and collective bargaining, on the adjustments they can impose on wages and working-time. However, the social nature of worker-owned firms mitigates employment volatility in these organizations.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"55 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124344216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agriculture and Non-Agriculture Growth, Inflation and Income Inequality in Developed and Developing Countries","authors":"Sima Siami‐Namini","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v11n11p43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n11p43","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to examine how agriculture and non-agriculture growth and inflation affect income inequality. The multivariate panel data approach is used to examine the application of Kuznets hypothesis between income inequality and agriculture and non-agriculture growth and test the existence of nonlinear relationship between income inequality and inflation rate in a large sample of data collected for developed and developing countries. The Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter is used to separate the cyclical component from the trend component of inflation rate and agriculture and non-agriculture growth. The results demonstrate a significant negative nonlinear relationship between income inequality and the HP filtered inflation rate squared in developed countries. The findings confirm the application of a ‘U-shaped’ of Kuznets curve between income inequality and agriculture growth and between income inequality and non-agriculture growth in developed countries. In addition, the results show Kuznets inverted ‘U-shaped’ curve between agriculture growth and income inequality, and Kuznets ‘U-shaped’ curve between non-agriculture growth and income inequality in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132158507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Americans Think About Poverty, Wealth, and Work","authors":"Emily E. Ekins","doi":"10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9985-20190063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9985-20190063","url":null,"abstract":"The Cato 2019 Welfare, Work, and Wealth National Survey of 1,700 Americans investigates attitudes toward the rich and the poor and examines what Americans believe about work, welfare, and social mobility.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133470295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mitigating Effect of Governance Quality on the Finance-Renewable Energy-Growth Nexus: Some International Evidence","authors":"D. Kassi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3448822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3448822","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the conditional effect of governance quality on the dynamics between financial development, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth in 123 countries from 1990 to 2017. We built composite indexes of financial development and governance quality through the principal component analysis (PCA) by using several financial variables and governance indicators. We employ the generalized method of moments (GMM) and the two-stage least squares (2SLS) techniques, but also the Granger non-causality in Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012). First, the disaggregated analysis shows that renewable energy consumption,financial inclusion, financial efficiency, and financial stability have positive marginal effects on economic growth under a good governance quality, except for financial depth. These results differ across countries with different income levels. Second, the aggregated analysis confirms the positive marginal impact of financial development on growth only in low-income economies, whereas renewable energy consumption has positive marginal effects only in lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies. Finally, in most cases, the feedback hypothesisis confirmed between financial development and growth in all countries. Similarly, the bidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and growth is also confirmed in lower-middle-income and low-income countries, exceptforhigh-income and upper-middle-income economies. Overall, governance quality has a threshold effect on the finance-renewable energy-growth nexus, which varies across countries. Thus, financial development and good governance quality are complementary driving forces for growth in most countries, except in upper-middle-income countries, whereas the complementary effect between renewable energy consumption and governance quality holds only in low-income and high-income countries. Accordingly, our study suggests more improvements in the governance quality in these countries, especially in the low-income and high-income countries to enhance the marginal impacts of financial development and renewable energy consumption on growth.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116287212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worker Occupational Skills and Unemployment Duration","authors":"Ahmed W. Elroukh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3480202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3480202","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains differences in unemployment duration among displaced workers by differences in their skills, using the unemployed worker’s previous occupation and years of education to capture skill level. I use the cumulative incidences approach from the statistics literature, a better alternative to the standard survival analysis methods in the case of competing risks. I find that the higher the displaced worker is on the skill ladder, based on their previous occupation, the faster their exit rate to a full-time job by 55%. An extra year of education will increase the exit rate to a full-time job by 7%. The impact of education, however, on exiting unemployment is less pronounced the higher the displaced worker’s previous occupation is on the skillladder.","PeriodicalId":125977,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Macroeconomics: Employment","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121494270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}