Galician Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"False Beliefs About Diabetes Mellitus in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Population-Based Study","authors":"Brisik H. Rashad, Basheer A. Abdi, I. Naqid, N. Hussein, A. Mosa, Laween Hashim Dawoud, Ramis Imad Elyas, H. A. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, non-transmissible health condition distinguished by high blood glucose levels caused by faulty insulin secretion and impaired insulin activity. People play an essential role in preventing and managing their illnesses. Thus, the misconceptions may negatively influence the prevention and management of DM. \u0000The aim of this study was to gauge the extent of knowledge among the general population concerning DM, to determine the prevalence of misconceptions about DM in the community, and to find the factors influencing them. \u0000Methods. A population-based study was conducted in Duhok Province, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A total of 2,305 adults were enrolled in the study. The study data were collected by face-to-face interview. The survey questionnaire comprised two sections: the first section included basic demographic characteristics of participants, while the second section consisted of ten questions to identify common misconceptions about DM among participants. \u0000Results. Among the participants, there were 1,406 (61.0%) females. Participants’ age ranged from 18 to 90 years (the mean age: 54 ± 13.69 years). The most common misconceptions positively responded to were “Will I become addicted to insulin if I start taking it?”, followed by“ Does DM occur because of increased sugar intake?”. Male gender was associated with higher level of misconceptions. In addition, the misconceptions were more prevalent among diabetics as they might seek treatment from non-professionals. There was a significant association between education status and the prevalence of misconceptions. Healthcare workers were found to have a better knowledge about DM compared to the general population. Surprisingly, certain myths were prevalent even among healthcare workers. \u0000Conclusions. Certain myths and misconceptions have been pervasive in our society. Actions must be taken to dispel these misconceptions as they lead to an avoidable burden of disease. Therefore, people’s knowledge of DM needs to be enhanced through educational programs, social media, television, newspapers and campaigns.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48594885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing Wearable Medical Device Research Trends: A Co-occurrence Network-Based Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"Bitan Misra, Nilanjana Dutta Roy, Nilanjan Dey, R. Sherratt","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background. One of the most crucial aspects of someone’s life is health. Therefore, individuals should be conscious about keeping themselves healthy by regular monitoring their health, which can be done with the help of modern medical technologies. Wearable medical devices using wearable sensors are the popular names of emerging technologies in the modern healthcare domain. \u0000Aim. This work presents the results of a systematic investigation of extensive research that has occurred for the last two decades in these research streams to provide a comprehensive mapping and temporal distribution of wireless medical device research. \u0000Methods. This study presents a relationship between the bibliographic items, their quality, and the quantity representing the most effective research topics on wearable medical devices. The analysis is performed using two useful parameters, namely a bibliometric network and a co-occurrence matrix. Data collection, data standardization, data mapping, and result analysis are the steps involved in the bibliometric analysis technique. In this study, VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis is applied to the Scopus database. \u0000Results. By analysing bibliometric indicators from the Scopus database and using VOSviewer, we represent their distribution in countries, institutions, top researchers, and top journals. Furthermore, we analyse the co-citation of cited authors and the co-occurrence of keywords. The outcomes of the clustering and keyword analysis indicate that the research domain primarily focuses on the Internet of Things, machine learning, wearable sensors, mobile health, electrocardiogram, etc. \u0000Conclusions. Statistical investigation in association with the visual exploration presented in this article provides more substantial information than either of them used separately. In the future, this article can illuminate researchers and practitioners to develop a different theory to look at the factors that influence predictability in the research domain of wearable medical devices.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46075675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Oral Habits and Buccal Frenulum on Gingival Microcirculation in Children: Findings and Clinical Significance","authors":"N. Makhlynets, Sofia Antoniak, A. Pantus, Mariana Pavlyshyn, Z. Ozhogan","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Oral mucosal abnormalities such as abnormal lip frenulum, buccal frenulum, ankyloglossia are commonly observed in a routine dental practice. The close anatomical and functional relationship between the gingiva and the alveolar bone determines the significance of abnormal mucosal structures in the development of malocclusions and periodontal diseases. Oral habits are more prevalent in childhood; however, they can persist into adolescence and adulthood, potentially leading to dentofacial impairments and malocclusions. Therefore, there is a growing interest in understanding oral mucosal blood flow in the presence of oral habits and abnormal mucosal structures, as their combined effects may have a synergistic influence on the development of maxillomandibular anomalies. \u0000Aim. This study was aimed to investigate age-depended parameters of gingival microcirculation in children with buccal frenulum, oral habits, and maxillomandibular anomalies. \u0000Methods. This cross-sectional study involved 45 apparently healthy children and 180 children with oral habits, buccal frenulum, and maxillomandibular anomalies, divided into 3 age groups (ages 9 to 12, 12 to 15, and 15 to 17 years). Oral mucosal blood flow was assessed using a rheograph DX (Kharkiv, Ukraine) by measuring qualitative characteristics and quantitative parameters such as the vascular tone index (VTI), venous outflow index (VOI), peripheral resistance index (PRI), extensive blood flow index (EBFI), and rheographic index (RI). Statistical analysis included Spearman’s correlation, a Kruskal-Wallis H test, and a Dunn’s post-hoc test. \u0000Results. The study revealed a significantly higher VTI in all patient groups, increasing with age and reaching +80.54% in the oldest age group compared to the respective control group. This elevation was accompanied by a moderate correlation enhancing the PRI (+4.61% in 9-12-year-old group to +33.42% in 15-17-year-old group). Furthermore, the VOI exhibited a noteworthy and age-dependent increase; however, there was a notable reduction in the RI (-41.10% to -59.70%) and EBFI values (-35.54% and -37.70% versus -23.97% in the youngest age group). \u0000Conclusions. This study demonstrated a relationship between oral habits, buccal frenulum, and age-dependent disturbance of gingival microcirculation in children. The findings suggest that chronic traumatization due to oral habits and abnormal mucosal structures lead to increased vasoconstriction and impaired vessel elasticity. Early intervention and management of such category of patients are crucial for preserving optimal gingival microcirculation.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45277826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of Unstimulated and Stimulated Whole Saliva, Accuracy of Minor Labial Salivary Gland Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Primary Sjögren's Disease: A Croatian Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ivona Baric, A. Tadin, A. Glavina","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the accuracy of minor labial salivary gland (MLSG) biopsy in the diagnosis of primary Sjögren' s disease (pSD); to study the correlation between the focus score (FS) and anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, anti-SSA and -SSB antibodies, unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS); to determine the role of UWS and SWS in the clinical evaluation of pSD patients and patients with sicca symptoms. \u0000Methods. A total of 37 subjects were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: the test group consisted of 15 patients diagnosed with pSD; the control group consisted of 22 patients who had sicca symptoms but did not meet the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) diagnostic criteria. Clinical and laboratory tests, including saliva collection, MLSG biopsy, autoantibody titers, were performed in all patients. \u0000Results. The median of the FS was 1.00 [IQR=1.00-1.50] in the test group, whereas in the control group, it was 0.00 [IQR=0.00-0.00] (p< 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MLSG biopsy were 86.7%, 100.0%, and 94.6%, respectively. The results showed a correlation between the FS and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (p=0.002). In addition, Pearson’s correlation showed a weak negative correlation between UWS (r=-0.058, p=0.73) and SWS (r=-0.022, p=0.90) and the FS. In the test group, 73.3% of patients had abnormal UWS values, while 86.7% had abnormal SWS values; among them, values of 0.00 ml/min for UWS and SWS were found in 60.0% and 26.7% of patients, respectively. \u0000Conclusions. Although MLSG biopsy has great diagnostic value and accuracy in diagnosing pSD, it is not always definitive. Our study found a statistically significant association between the FS and ANA, and the greater utility of SWS in diagnosing pSS.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46377804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Dietary Fructose and Sucrose Intake with HbA1c and Anthropometric Measurements in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Gulsah Kaner, Çağla Ayer, Tuba Yalcin, Buse Bakir","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of daily dietary intake of fructose and sucrose with HbA1c levels and anthropometric measurements in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. \u0000Methods. A total of 64 individuals were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, eating habits, frequency of fructose and sucrose source consumption, and dietary intakes were assessed through questioning. Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height circumference (HtC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC), wrist circumference (WrC), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), were evaluated. The HbA1c level was categorized into two groups: good glycemic control (HbA1c≤ 7%) and poor (HbA1c> 7%) glycemic control. \u0000Results. The mean daily fructose and sucrose intakes were 10.57 ± 8.28 g (2.38 ± 1.96%), and 29.21 ± 24.78 g (6.29 ± 5.35%), respectively. All the anthropometric measurements assessed were lower in the group with good glycemic control; however, only in case of BMI, MUAC, NC, and WrC, these differences were significant. Patients with good glycemic control were found to consume more fruit. Anthropometric measurements were not related to daily fructose intake, but positively associated with sucrose intake and HbA1c levels. Specifically, HbA1c levels were negatively associated with fiber intake and positively associated with sucrose intake. Moreover, HbA1c levels were positively affected by NC and consumption of non-alcoholic carbonated drinks, and negatively affected by WC and consumption of sugar-containing instant coffee. \u0000Conclusions. The mean daily fructose intake among diabetics was found to be moderate and sucrose intake was consistent with the recommended range. The level of HbA1c was shown to be associated with all the anthropometric parameters assessed, and it was found that sugar-sweetened beverages could affect the level of HbA1c. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to investigate these relationships more comprehensively.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48491812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidentally Discovered Cryptogenic Cirrhosis in a Patient with Untreated Celiac Disease","authors":"Kelli Kosako Yost, Yasmin Alishahi","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Celiac disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder that primarily manifests its effects on the small bowel. However, the systemic nature of this condition, especially regarding the liver, has been gaining some recognition in the literature. Mild liver disease is common, but few cases progress to cirrhosis. We present a case of an asymptomatic 78-year-old male with a past medical history of longstanding celiac disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease stage III who underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan for thoracic aortic aneurysm surveillance. Incidentally, on a CT scan, cirrhotic liver morphology was discovered. Right upper quadrant ultrasound confirmed heterogenous echotexture of the liver, consistent with a diagnosis of cirrhosis. Laboratory work-up demonstrated elevated alkaline phosphatase of 171, tissue transglutaminase (TTG) significantly elevated at > 100, and a negative panel of other chronic liver disease labs, including negative anti-smooth muscle antibody, antimitochondrial antibody, liver kidney microsomal antibody, HFE gene, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-fetoprotein < 2 ng/mL. The patient was not taking any hepatotoxic medications. Although the patient did have type 2 DM, his hemoglobin A1c was well-controlled at 5.9%, and he had no hyperlipidemia and a normal body mass index, making a metabolic etiology of liver disease less likely. The patient had no significant alcohol use, either. The only patient’s major risk factor for liver disease was his untreated celiac disease, diagnosed in infancy. The patient was instructed to avoid any gluten, alcohol, and other hepatotoxic substances and was subsequently followed by a gastroenterologist. The following case report explores the pathogenesis of celiac-associated liver disease and the effect a gluten-free diet can have on the small bowel and the liver.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48581972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Long COVID-19 Myocarditis with Asymptomatic Manifestation in a Young Male","authors":"Oleksandr Savchenko, Y. Tyravska, Yu.О. Moshkovska, Dina Pliskevych, Nataliia Altunina, Viktor Lizogub","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Myocarditis is one of the most dangerous complications of both the acute phase of COVID-19 and long COVID-19, with a rather heterogeneous clinical presentation that ranges from asymptomatic to life-threatening. The diverse clinical presentation with a high risk of further complications, on the one hand, and a good prognosis in case of appropriate treatment, on the other hand, demand great attention from doctors. \u0000Case Report. We report a case of a 27-year-old male presented to a cardiologist with complaints of dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation occurred eight months after a mild COVID-19 episode. The diagnostic search commenced with a detailed questioning and physical examination with further laboratory testing and instrumental procedures, including resting electrocardiography, resting two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography, and stress echocardiography. Gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance was the final step in diagnosis establishment. Half-a-year follow-up period of the patient with asymptomatic manifestation of COVID-19 myocarditis demonstrated the normalization of the condition after prescribed pathogenetic treatment. \u0000Conclusions. This case report raises awareness of the need for prolonged follow-up of patients after an episode of COVID-19 and proposes a comprehensive approach to a possible differential diagnostic search for precise diagnosis and treatment in a young male with rationale based on the relevant literature.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46830998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turkish Dental Students’ Perceptions and Awareness of Dental Implant Education: A Questionnaire Study","authors":"Eda Izgi, N. Mollaoğlu","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. This study aimed to assess Turkish dental students’ awareness of and attitudes toward dental implant therapy, as well as the effectiveness of dental implantology lecture from their point of view. \u0000Materials and Methods. This study used a cross-sectional online survey. A total of 425 third-, fourth- and fifth-year dental students enrolled in Gazi University School of Dentistry during the 2020-2021 academic year were invited to participate in the survey anonymously and voluntarily. Following the descriptive part (age, gender, and education status), all the participants were asked 11 questions. \u0000Results. Total of 415 questionnaires were analyzed. The 3rd-year students stated that they were“ poorly” informed about dental implants (n=88, 64.7%), while the 4th- and 5th-year students were“ moderately” infromed (n=78, 54.2% and n=60, 44.4%, respectively) (p < 0.001). All the students were believed that they needed to get more information during their undergraduate studies (p < 0.01). More than half of all students preferred to have PhD or speciality training after graduation (p > 0.05). Approximately 80% of all students believed that dentists should receive specialized training in order to practice implant dentistry (p > 0.05). \u0000Conclusions. The results of this study show that some Turkish dental students find DI treatment a difficult operation and that they do not know enough about it. As a result, it is anticipated that improving the current curriculum will contribute to the course success and make dental students feel better prepared for dental implantology following graduation.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43808638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Eating Behaviors and Functional Status in Female Patients Diagnosed with Fibromyalgia","authors":"A. Mengi","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate whether eating behaviors of female patients with fibromyalgia syndrome differ from those of the healthy population, what factors affect these behaviors, and whether eating behaviors are effective on patients’ life quality and functional status. \u0000Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional and observational study included 55 female fibromyalgia patients and 55 healthy female volunteers. All participants were assessed using demographic data, body mass index (BMI), and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) (Uncontrolled Eating, Cognitive Restraint, Emotional Eating, and Hunger Susceptibility). Fibromyalgia patients were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). \u0000Results. BMI, Uncontrolled Eating, and Hunger Susceptibility scores differed significantly between fibromyalgia patients and healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). In fibromyalgia patients, the TFEQ subscores were not correlated with the FIQ (p > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the Cognitive Restraint score and age, rest and night pain scores in fibromyalgia patients (p< 0.05). Increasing age was an independent predictor of Cognitive Restraint in fibromyalgia patients (p=0.003). \u0000Conclusions. The proportion of overweight/obese patients, BMI, Uncontrolled Eating, and Hunger Susceptibility were significantly higher among fibromyalgia patients. Fibromyalgia patients’ eating behaviors were not associated with their quality of life and functional status. Increasing age appeared to be a predictor of Cognitive Restraint degree.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46670812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renin-Angiotensin System: A Review of Historical Perspectives","authors":"O. Kovalyova, A. Zhuravlyova, Svitlana Ivanchenko","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a review of publications concerning historical perspectives of the renin-angiotensin system. The discovery of its components is presented in chronological order, beginning with the initial identification of renin and proceeding to the subsequent discoveries of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin- (1-7), Mas receptor. \u0000This paper presents a modern classification of the renin-angiotensin system, dividing it into classical and non-classical branches, based on the determination of the biological effects of its components. Significant attention is devoted to elucidating the biochemical cascade of the renin-angiotensin system, its physiological transformations, and its implications in human body processes. The detrimental cardiac effects of the classical renin-angiotensin system are highlighted, along with the crucial role played by its alternative axis in counteracting the development of cardiovascular diseases. \u0000The article presents data on the involvement of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its receptors in coronavirus infections, susceptibility to infection, and disease progression.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}