The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Navigating the Gut-Brain Axis: Insights into the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy","authors":"Emojevwe Victory Aghogho, Arman Shahriari, H. Mahboobi","doi":"10.2174/0126662906301568240427100342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126662906301568240427100342","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurological condition that affects people who have an insufficient\u0000liver function. However, its pathophysiology is yet unclear. For hepatic encephalopathy,\u0000pharmacotherapy is the primary treatment choice. Lowering ammonia levels, enhancing neurotransmitter\u0000signal transduction, and modifying gut microbiota, tackles the pathophysiology of hepatic\u0000encephalopathy. The intestinal microbiota of liver disease patients differs greatly from that of\u0000healthy people, and this difference is linked to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Additionally,\u0000gut microbiota is intimately linked to several theories in the pathophysiology of hepatic\u0000encephalopathy, such as the GABA-ergic tone hypothesis, bile acid circulation, ammonia poisoning\u0000theory, and neuroinflammation, all of which exacerbate patients' cognitive and motor impairments.\u0000Providing some probiotics or reestablishing the intestinal bacteria's balance has a substantial\u0000impact on neurological illnesses in hepatic encephalopathy. The goal of this review is to determine\u0000the possible metabolic impacts and microbiological pathways in the gut-brain axis mediated progression\u0000of hepatic encephalopathy, as well as its potential function as a therapeutic target.\u0000","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141007430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Medicine in Gastroenterology: A Paradigm Shift towards Personalized Therapies","authors":"Abhishek Verma, Ankit Awasthi","doi":"10.2174/0126662906299171240220073258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126662906299171240220073258","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"18 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality by Design-driven Development of 5-fluorouracil Loaded Mucoadhesive Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems for Effective Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Goutam Kumar Jena, Chinam Niranjan Patra, Sruti Jammula, Dipthi Shree, Laxmidhar Sahoo, Aiswarya Patnaik, Chandan Kumar Nayak","doi":"10.2174/2666290602666230809121550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666290602666230809121550","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To enhance oral bioavailability and decrease the dosing frequency of 5-Fluorouracil Background: Cancer is one of the most dreadful diseases for which complete cures are not possible, but colorectal cancer is completely curable if diagnosed at an early stage. If diagnosed in late-stage, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is mostly recommended for its effective treatment, but the challenges associated with this drug are short elimination half-life, severe side effects, as well as non-specificity. The challenges can be better addressed by fabricating microbeads using the QbD approach. To enhance the oral bioavailability of 5-FU and to target the colon for the effective treatment of colorectal cancer, the microbeads were fabricated by emulsification crosslinking method using Box-Behnken design. Objective: To target the colon for effective treatment of colorectal cancer with enhanced oral bioavailability. Methods: The microparticulate drug delivery system was fabricated by using the emulsification crosslinking method by implementing a quality design approach with risk assessment followed by characterization such as FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD, in vitro drug release, in vitro cytotoxicity study and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Results: The patient-centric quality target product profile (QTPP) was set. QTPP inspired critical quality attributes (CQAs) were searched out. The critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) influencing CQAs were distinguished. The seventeen formulations were fabricated employing Box Behnken Design, followed by optimization using numerical and graphical optimization techniques and the optimized microbeads were subjected to in vivo pharmacokinetic and in vitro cytotoxicity studies using HT 29 cell lines. The results revealed that 5-FU-loaded microbeads exhibited significantly more cytotoxic, and bioavailability was found to be nearly doubled as compared to pure drugs. Conclusion: 5-FU-loaded microbeads can be developed and optimized successfully by using quality by design approach and coating with eudragit S100, which can be targeted to the colon for the effective treatment of colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esophageal Foreign Body Removal by Bile Duct Stone Removal Baskets (Litho crush): Think out of the Box; A Case Report","authors":"S. L. Jat, A. Mathur","doi":"10.2174/2666290602666230614161201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666290602666230614161201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A foreign body or food bolus impaction in the gastrointestinal tract is a common occurrence in emergency endoscopy. In 80-90% of patients, the foreign body will pass spontaneously through the gastrointestinal tract without complications, and in 10-20% of the patients, an endoscopic or surgical intervention is deemed necessary. We report an unusual case of a foreign body, a large mango seed, that was stuck at the level of the mid-esophagus and was refractory to removal by standard endoscopic techniques.\u0000","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"56 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114040019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Testosterone Levels Predict Sarcopenia Showing an Effect on Prognosis in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Urvashi Vijay, Shankar Lal Jat, Pratibha Maan, R. Mahajan, A. Mathur, Ramesh Roop Rai","doi":"10.2174/2666290602666230509113956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666290602666230509113956","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Sarcopenia and low serum testosterone levels are both associated with increased mortality in patients with advanced liver disease. Sarcopenia is a major stumbling block of liver cirrhosis and adversely affects other outcome variables.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this study is to compare testosterone levels between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia cirrhosis patients, to compare serum testosterone levels with cirrhosis severity (Child-Pugh Score), evaluate the correlation between serum testosterone levels and L3 SMI Index (Sarcopenia), the correlation between serum testosterone levels with other prognostic markers of cirrhosis (MELD score)\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An observational study of 131 prospectively collected liver cirrhosis patients, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, between August 2019 and July 2021. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between testosterone levels and L3 SMI.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean testosterone level in sarcopenia patients was significantly lowered compared to non-sarcopenia patients (152.05± 90.48 vs. 364.28 ±73.55; p=0.05). The mean testosterone level was highest in Child A than in Child B and lowest in Child C, which was statistically significant (383.50 ± 54.41 vs. 225.06 ± 58.43 vs. 83.38 ± 25.49, p=0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between serum testosterone levels and L3 SMI index by MRI (r = 0.619 and p-value <0.000). There was a significant negative correlation between the MELD score and serum testosterone levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower in sarcopenic as compared to non-sarcopenic patients. Serum testosterone levels progressively decreased as liver disease severity increased. There was a significant positive correlation between serum testosterone levels and L3-SMI Index (Sarcopenia)\u0000","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116602452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of competing endogenous RNA networks and potential therapeutic drugs for gastroesophageal reflux disease","authors":"Hong Zhu, Xin Su, Danping Zhang","doi":"10.2174/2666290602666230417104514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666290602666230417104514","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The diagnosis and cure rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is low, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to construct the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of GERD by bioinformatics and explore the potential therapeutic drugs for GERD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were got by limma package and visualized by ggplot2 and pheatmap package in R version 4.1.3 from the GSE63401 gene microarray data. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the STRING database. The hub genes and subnetwork modules were obtained by Cytoscape software. The microRNA and lncRNA were predicted by the miRTarBase and miRNet databases to construct the ceRNA network. Potential drugs targeting DEGs were screened by the CMAP database.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, a total of 571 GEDs were obtained, including 462 up-regulated genes and 109 down-regulated genes, which mainly participated in the leukocyte migration process and the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Seventeen miRNAs and three key lncRNAs involved in regulating hub genes were screened through miRTarBase and miRNet databases. Finally, nine ceRNA networks were obtained, including TTN-AS1/NEAT1/XIST - miR-139-5p - CXCR4 axis, TTN-AS1/NEAT1/XIST - miR-185-5p - IL1B axis and TTN-AS1/NEAT1/XIST - miR-495-3p - LYN axis. In addition, five potential drugs (Pimavanserin, BMS-182874, CL-218872, Losartan, and Laropiprant) for GERD were obtained through the CMAP database.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We constructed nine GERD-related ceRNA networks and screened five potential therapeutic drugs for GERD, providing a theoretical basis for further research on the pathogenesis of GERD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129169382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Current Medications and Biomarkers in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Krishanveer Singh, Shivendra Kumar","doi":"10.2174/2666290602666230417110630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666290602666230417110630","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a complicated systemic process that affects several tissues and organs in addition to being a pathologic process that affects the liver. Several studies have shown that hepatic reperfusion severely impairs liver function. That also produces irreversible damage that causes dysfunction of many organs. The regulation of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is influenced by various factors, such as mitochondrial damage, anaerobic metabolism, intracellular Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress and ROS production, and chemokines as well as cytokines generation. Most of the cytokines are generated by helper T cells and neutrophils. A target of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in chronic and acute liver injury caused by ischemia can be a significant facilitator of early leukocyte recruitment. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and MMPs could be employed as indicators of the severity of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injuries. This review examines the relationship between the components of hepatic IRI, MMPs, and the available pharmaceutical treatments for this condition.\u0000","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130863874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Ornithine on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Krishanveer Singh, Shivendra Kumar","doi":"10.2174/2666290602666230407141138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666290602666230407141138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common complication of liver surgery and transplantation. The morbidity related to hepatic surgery under a total vascular exclusion or following liver transplantation is caused by ischemia-reperfusion damage. Numerous pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, and they all play a role in the overall injury to varying degrees. Post-surgical hepatic dysfunction is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality. Several studies have suggested oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of the liver Kupffer cell, overexpression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule, and facilitation of (PMN) polymorphonuclear neutrophil damage are involved in the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion damage in the liver. Ornithine is an amino acid and non-proteinogenic in nature. It plays a vital role in the urea cycle. Ornithine is commonly present in dietary supplements that have been proven to influence the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury-linked pathways, hence lowering deterioration in the liver ischemia/reperfusion dysfunction. Liver cirrhosis has been treated using a stable salt of ornithine and aspartic acid. After surgical tumour removal, patients who take ornithine aspartate may experience less hepatic ischemia-reperfusion damage. L-ornithine functions as a precursor to citrulline and arginine and enables the elimination of extra nitrogen. Ischemia/reperfusion injury is caused by the aggravation of cellular upsets and mortality following the refurbishment of blood flow to the earlier ischemic tissue. This article confers a deep understanding of the protective effects of ornithine on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury as well as evidence linking ornithine's function tending towards the detoxification mechanism of the liver.\u0000","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131756213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: A migrating stitch in a Crohn’s Disease patient","authors":"L. Abenavoli, R. Spagnuolo, A. Corea, L. Boccuto, M. Gambardella, A. Procopio, F. Luzza","doi":"10.2174/2666290602666230224110810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666290602666230224110810","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000More than half of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients undergo one or more surgical interventions during their lifetime. The main surgical indications for CD are fistulas and stenosis and other emergency conditions such as megacolon and perforation. The risk of CD recurrence at the surgery site is high.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Here, we report the case of a migrating suture stitch that moved from the abdomen to the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh in a CD patient having undergone intestinal surgery years before.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To the best of our knowledge, there are no previously reported cases of migrating stitches, especially in CD. However, CD is a disease at high risk of surgery due to its clinical characteristics and complications.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the most doubtful cases, it is advisable to co-operate in a multidisciplinary perspective to provide the patient with the best management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129799129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brunner's Gland Hamartoma Masquerades as a Neoplastic Mass – A Case Report","authors":"J. Bharti, S. Khade, P. Elhence, Ramkaran Chaudhary","doi":"10.2174/2666290602666230215095317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666290602666230215095317","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Brunner's gland proliferation can mimic malignancy; the preoperative diagnosis of this lesion is challenging, and it is accidentally identified during imaging. Most of these lesions are identified as gastrointestinal stromal tumour or malignant tumour. The diagnosis of these lesions requires a histopathological examination.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Herein, we present a case of Brunner's gland hyperplasia/hamartoma, which was identified as a gastrointestinal stromal tumour at radiography and as submucosal thickening in endoscopy during the routine workup of anemia. However, histopathological examination revealed it to be a Brunner's gland hyperplasia/hamartoma.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A preoperative diagnosis is challenging, so Brunner's gland hyperplasia/hamartoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis. The patient was found to be doing well on follow-up.\u0000","PeriodicalId":125135,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114698094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}