{"title":"β-catenin/TCF4/NANOG axis controls miR-302 transcription in colorectal cancer cells","authors":"Kiarash Saleki , Miao Xue , Amirreza Mazloomi , Bradley Spencer-Dene , Abdolrahman S. Nateri","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The miR-302 cluster, a key pluripotency-associated non-coding RNA, has been implicated in stem cell homeostasis and tumourigenesis. However, its regulatory mechanisms in cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the β-catenin/TCF4 complex significantly enhances miR-302 expression through direct promoter activation in CRC cells. We hypothesized that the β-catenin/TCF4 complex directly activates the miR-302 promoter and cooperates with NANOG in a transcriptional feedback loop sustaining stem-like traits in CRC cells. Using a combination of promoter-driven luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and molecular dynamics simulations, we identify a regulatory axis involving Wnt signalling and the transcription factor NANOG. Our data show that individual members of the miR-302 cluster activate the NANOG promoter, while both NANOG and β-catenin/TCF4 synergistically enhance miR-302 promoter activity, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop. Structural simulations further elucidate the binding interactions between TCF4, NANOG, and the miR-302 promoter, corroborating our experimental observations. Together, these findings position miR-302 as a downstream effector of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and an integral component of NANOG-mediated transcriptional networks in CRC stem-like cells. This work advances our understanding of non-coding RNA regulation in cancer and highlights potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting stemness-associated pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"977 ","pages":"Article 149890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145503311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GenePub Date : 2026-01-20Epub Date: 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149842
Cui Li , Yudie Song , Binbin Cao , Jiahui Li , Fan Xu , Weiping Du , Zhaoxia Zhang , Binjie Su , Xiaomin Chen , Qinglin Yu , Jia Su
{"title":"Role of myocardium-derived exosomal miRNAs in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy","authors":"Cui Li , Yudie Song , Binbin Cao , Jiahui Li , Fan Xu , Weiping Du , Zhaoxia Zhang , Binjie Su , Xiaomin Chen , Qinglin Yu , Jia Su","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains a major clinical challenge, highlighting the need for early diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomal miRNAs are promising candidates due to their stability and regulatory functions in cardiovascular diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Exosomes were isolated from myocardial tissue samples of DOX-treated and control rats using differential ultracentrifugation and were subsequently characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by microarray analysis. The miRanda algorithm was used to predict target genes, followed by functional enrichment analysis. qRT‒PCR validated selected miRNAs and their target genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Doxorubicin administration induced significant cardiac dysfunction, characterized by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and increased serum levels of cardiac biomarkers (cTnI, BNP, and CK-MB). Microarray profiling revealed 26 differentially expressed miRNAs, and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated enrichment in the MAPK signaling pathway. qRT‒PCR demonstrated upregulation of exosomal miR-182 and downregulation of Taok2 mRNA, a key MAPK gene. ROC analysis indicated the potential of exosomal miR-182 for DCM diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Exosomal miR-182 may serve as a diagnostic marker for DCM. Bioinformatic analyses predict its potential regulation of the MAPK pathway through Taok2 targeting, although this mechanistic relationship requires experimental validation. These findings provide new perspectives for the early monitoring of DCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"977 ","pages":"Article 149842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GenePub Date : 2026-01-20Epub Date: 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149889
Zhuangwei Lv , Ruohao Yang , Jinhua Wu , Xiaoyu Shi , Ruihan Wang , Yi’ang Niu , Zhuang Qian , Junna Jiao , Yunfeng Ma
{"title":"NR1D1 in tumorigenesis: dual roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic targeting","authors":"Zhuangwei Lv , Ruohao Yang , Jinhua Wu , Xiaoyu Shi , Ruihan Wang , Yi’ang Niu , Zhuang Qian , Junna Jiao , Yunfeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (NR1D1, also known as REV-ERBα), a core circadian regulator, plays context-dependent dual roles in cancer, acting as either a tumor suppressor or oncogene. This review synthesizes current evidence on NR1D1’s regulation of key oncogenic pathways: DNA repair, immunomodulation (e.g., the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)), metabolism, and signaling cascades such as PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT. We highlight its clinical utility as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, focusing on pharmacological modulators with demonstrated preclinical efficacy. We also critically discuss challenges in targeting NR1D1 and its potential in combination therapies, offering new insights for cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"977 ","pages":"Article 149889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genomic plasticity and phylogeny of sheeppox and goatpox viruses reveal progressive host and terrestrial adaptation","authors":"Rajesh Chahota, Tania Gupta, Mandeep Sharma, Subhash Verma, Prasenjit Dhar, Monika Bhardwaj, Vanita Patial","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and Goatpox virus (GTPV), members of the genus <em>Capripoxvirus</em>, cause transboundary pox diseases in sheep and goats. Although disease is mostly host-specific, uncertainty of cross-infection always exists under mixed farming practices. A comprehensive genome-wide plasticity and phylogenetic analysis was performed by comparing 17 SPPV and 11 GTPV field strains with host-specific native SPPV-SP3-Nur and GTPV-GP5-Indora strains. Compared to the reference strains, SPPV TU-V02127 (NC_004002.1) and GTPV Pellor (NC_004003.1), both native strains showed genetically conserved core genes with variations concentrated in terminal regions genes linked to virulence and host interaction (<em>B22R-like protein, kelch- like protein, serpins, ankyrin repeat proteins</em>). The majority of studied SPPV and GTPV strains maintained strong genomic stability, except for a GTPV Yemen strain, for which cross-species (host) infection was reported, and a few strains showed evidence of frequent involvement as minor parents in interspecies recombination within highly plastic regions containing genes for immune evasion and host determinants. Phylogenetic analysis of 28 complete genomes showed host-specific, territory-definite clades and subclades with SP3-Nur and GP5-Indora clustering within the Asian subclade S2.3 and G1.1, respectively, representing Indian regional subclades. This study highlights the progressive host as well as terrestrial adaptation of SPPV and GTPV in general. Though the existence of strains with high genomic plasticity may be a localised and evolving high-risk phenomenon at present, it poses a larger threat of transboundary and cross-species spread. These findings underscore the need for wider genomic surveillance to monitor viral transmission and tracking transboundary spread for effective disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"977 ","pages":"Article 149869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GenePub Date : 2026-01-15Epub Date: 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149823
Lei Qiao, Yong Feng
{"title":"Retraction notice to “Genetic variations of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) contribute to the risk of gastric cancer for Eastern Asians: a Meta-analysis based on 16792 individuals”. [Gene 493 (2012) 83–91]","authors":"Lei Qiao, Yong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"976 ","pages":"Article 149823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145548980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GenePub Date : 2026-01-15Epub Date: 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149867
Ayelén Emilce López , Paola Locatelli , Jorge Alejandro Simonin , Mariano Nicolás Belaich , Agustina Scharn , Alberto José Crottogini , Fernanda Daniela Olea , María del Rosario Bauzá
{"title":"Intramyocardial baculovirus-Meis1 gene therapy induces angio-arteriogenesis in sheep with myocardial infarction","authors":"Ayelén Emilce López , Paola Locatelli , Jorge Alejandro Simonin , Mariano Nicolás Belaich , Agustina Scharn , Alberto José Crottogini , Fernanda Daniela Olea , María del Rosario Bauzá","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ischemic heart disease is the cardiovascular condition with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for therapies aimed at promoting neovascularization of the ischemic myocardium. Given the involvement of the transcription factor Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 (MEIS1) in the development of the vascular network in vertebrates, we hypothesized that MEIS1 overexpression would induce microvascular proliferation in an ovine model of acute myocardial infarction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A baculoviral vector encoding MEIS1 (Bv.Meis1) was designed and injected into the <em>peri</em>-infarct zone of adult sheep with permanent coronary ligation. Control sheep were injected with an empty baculovirus (Bv.Null). One week later, microvascular densities and expression of angiogenic genes were assessed in myocardial tissue samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Animals treated with Bv.Meis1 exhibited significantly greater capillary and arteriolar densities as well as a significant increase in the expression of <em>Vegf</em>, <em>Angiogenin</em>, <em>Hif1α</em>, <em>Igf</em>, <em>Fgf2</em> and <em>Prok2</em>, compared to Bv.Null group. Additionally, overexpression of most of these genes was also found in cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes transduced with Bv.Meis1, and increased tubulogenesis was observed in HMEC-1 cells incubated with supernatants of these cultures. Finally, the vector’s biosafety was demonstrated by the absence of viral DNA expression in tissues remote to the heart.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intramyocardial injection of a baculovirus encoding MEIS1 promotes overexpression of angiogenic genes which, in turn, induce angio-arteriogenesis in ovine myocardial infarction. Given the highly translational nature of the animal model and the good biosafety profile of the baculoviral vector, this strategy could potentially be useful for patients with ischemic heart disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"976 ","pages":"Article 149867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GenePub Date : 2026-01-15Epub Date: 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149871
Binbin Zeng , Jianing Zhu , Yaping Wang , Chen Gu , Wenxu Zhu , Qingqing Xu , Yuxuan Wu , Juping Chen , Yang Ai , Tianyu Zhou , Ying Lin , Lixin Hua , Yayun Qian
{"title":"Core role of H19 LncRNA in gastric cancer: From tumor ecosystem reprogramming to precision therapy","authors":"Binbin Zeng , Jianing Zhu , Yaping Wang , Chen Gu , Wenxu Zhu , Qingqing Xu , Yuxuan Wu , Juping Chen , Yang Ai , Tianyu Zhou , Ying Lin , Lixin Hua , Yayun Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Owing to its insidious onset, most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, marked by high recurrence, frequent metastasis, and multidrug resistance, resulting in poor outcomes. Optimizing therapeutic strategies therefore remains an urgent priority. Increasing evidence links GC initiation and progression to dysregulated expression of both coding and non-coding genes. Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which recognized as pivotal regulators of gene expression have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the lncRNA H19, highlighting its role as a central molecular hub in gastric tumor progression. H19 modulates the tumor microenvironment, promotes invasion and metastasis, reprograms cellular metabolism, and contributes to therapeutic resistance. By integrating molecular, cellular, and clinical perspectives, we provide a refined understanding of H19-driven gastric tumorigenesis and underscore its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. These insights offer new opportunities for early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and the development of RNA-targeted therapies for gastric cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"976 ","pages":"Article 149871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145448759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GenePub Date : 2026-01-15Epub Date: 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149874
Fangzhou Lu , Andy Cremers , Martijn Poeze , Martijn van Griensven , Tim J.M. Welting , Taco J. Blokhuis , Marjolein M.J. Caron
{"title":"N1 and N2 neutrophil phenotypes may play differential roles in stimulating the endochondral ossification behaviors of ATDC5 cells","authors":"Fangzhou Lu , Andy Cremers , Martijn Poeze , Martijn van Griensven , Tim J.M. Welting , Taco J. Blokhuis , Marjolein M.J. Caron","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Endochondral ossification is vital for bone healing, with neutrophils playing a crucial role in the osteoimmune system. While N1 (pro-inflammatory) and N2 (regenerative) neutrophils are documented in other contexts, their role in endochondral ossification remains unclear. This study investigates their effects on ATDC5 cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Neutrophils from five healthy volunteers were isolated and polarized into N0 (unstimulated), N1, or N2 phenotypes. After culturing for 4 h, neutrophil-conditioned media was mixed (20 % v/v) with chondrogenic differentiation media (DM). ATDC5 cells were cultured with mixture or DM alone for 24 h, followed by continued DM culturing. On days 7 and 14, several gene expressions, ALP activity, and TGF-β3 levels were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SOX9 peaked in the ATDC5 (A)/N2 group on day 7, while the A/N1 group showed the highest levels on day 14. COL2A1 was elevated in the A/N0 group on day 7. RUNX2 was higher in A/N1 and A/N2 on day 7, with A/N1 remaining elevated on day 14. MMP-13 was significantly higher in A/N1 on day 7. COL10A1 expression showed no significant changes. COL1A1 and COX2 were continually elevated in the A/N1 group. ALP activity was consistently enhanced in the A/N1 group, and TGF-β3 was lower in both A/N1 and A/N2 on day 14.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study indicates that N1 neutrophils may promote chondrocyte maturation and osteogenic differentiation, while N2 neutrophils may support proliferation, hypertrophy, and maturation, providing a cell reservoir for ossification. These findings highlight their distinct roles in directing chondrogenic progenitors toward bone rather than cartilage formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"976 ","pages":"Article 149874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GenePub Date : 2026-01-15Epub Date: 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149873
Chengjian Wan, Haopu Dai, Wenyuan Ma, Yang Li, Xiaoshuo Liu, Jiaying Wang, Jinsong Li, Kewei Li
{"title":"RoeA controls Pseudomonas aeruginosa motility via a diffusible c-di-GMP signal interpreted by the hierarchical PilZ, FlgZ, and TssZ receptors","authors":"Chengjian Wan, Haopu Dai, Wenyuan Ma, Yang Li, Xiaoshuo Liu, Jiaying Wang, Jinsong Li, Kewei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a central regulator of the lifestyle switch between motility and sessility in the opportunistic pathogen <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. While numerous c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes exist, the specific pathways linking individual enzymes to physiological outputs often remain unclear. Here, we elucidate a signaling pathway through which the diguanylate cyclase RoeA inhibits swimming motility. Using a combination of genetic, biochemical and phenotypic approaches, we demonstrate that RoeA synthesizes c-di-GMP to suppress motility by modulating flagellar function rather than biogenesis. A systematic screen of the eight PilZ-domain c-di-GMP receptors in <em>P. aeruginosa</em> identified PilZ, FlgZ, and TssZ as the essential downstream effectors. Genetic epistasis analysis revealed that these receptors function as a hierarchical module, with PilZ and FlgZ playing a primary, cooperative role. The function of all three receptors was dependent on a conserved arginine residue within their c-di-GMP binding motifs. Crucially, bacterial two-hybrid assays showed no direct physical interaction between RoeA and its downstream motility effectors. These findings support a “free diffusion-receptor capture” model, where RoeA generates a global c-di-GMP signal that is interpreted by spatially distributed PilZ-domain receptors to downregulate flagellar motor function, thus providing a key example of how signaling specificity is achieved within a global second messenger network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"976 ","pages":"Article 149873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GenePub Date : 2026-01-15Epub Date: 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149872
Fuhong Gong , Nianqiu Liu , Jingge Miao , Chenxi Wang , Mengping Lin , Biqing Luan , Jiayi Chen , Yilin Chen , Xin Chen , Fei Ge , Wenlin Chen
{"title":"Vitamin D regulation of gut microbiota-derived butyrate as a potential inhibitor of breast cancer proliferation","authors":"Fuhong Gong , Nianqiu Liu , Jingge Miao , Chenxi Wang , Mengping Lin , Biqing Luan , Jiayi Chen , Yilin Chen , Xin Chen , Fei Ge , Wenlin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gene.2025.149872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin implicated in the etiology, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer, yet its precise mechanisms of action remain elusive. We have integrated the latest insights from both basic and clinical research to find that in the human body, vitamin D is activated by hydroxylase to form the active form 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D. 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D may stimulate the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria by upregulating their abundance, and butyrate can regulate the intestinal microenvironment and modulate the immune system to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer. Notably, our investigations reveal a novel role of vitamin D in modulating the gut microbiome, particularly in stimulating the production of butyrate and other metabolites, which exhibit potent anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer cells. These findings open promising avenues for innovative clinical approaches in breast cancer therapy. This review delves into the intricate interplay between vitamin D, butyrate, and breast cancer, aiming to propose novel therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12499,"journal":{"name":"Gene","volume":"976 ","pages":"Article 149872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}