Future medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic prospects of thiazolo[3,2-<i>b</i>][1,2,4]triazole derivatives: a comprehensive review of biological activities and structure-activity relationship insights.","authors":"Priya Jajoriya, Sangeeta Sharma, Annu Jangra, Gulshan Singh, Virender Kumar, Prince Kumar, Ranjana Aggarwal, Mona Hooda","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2748648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17568919.2026.2748648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiazolo[3,2-<i>b</i>][1,2,4]triazole derivatives have emerged as a promising class of fused heterocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Over the past decade, this class of compounds has attracted considerable attention as potential leads for developing therapeutically relevant agents. Owing to the remarkable therapeutic profile of this scaffold, in the present review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological significance of thiazolo[3,2-<i>b</i>][1,2,4]triazole derivatives reported between 2015 and 2026, emphasizing anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme-inhibitory activities. To get insights into the structural features and modifications essential for the activity, detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are carried out. Additionally, to better understand the binding mechanism and to support the <i>in vitro</i> results, molecular docking studies are discussed. The present review may help researchers working in the field of medicinal chemistry for designing highly potent, novel, multifunctional derivatives that exhibit excellent target selectivity and drug-like characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated machine learning, pharmacophore screening, and structure-based computational approaches for the identification of novel JAK3 inhibitors.","authors":"Muhammad Yasir, Jinyoung Park, Eun-Taek Han, Won Sun Park, Jin-Hee Han, Jongseon Choe, Wanjoo Chun","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2748644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17568919.2026.2748644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is a key therapeutic target in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to identify novel JAK3 inhibitors using an integrated machine learning and structure-based computational approach.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Random Forest Regression model was developed from 4,336 JAK3 inhibitors using molecular descriptors and Morgan fingerprints, then applied to screen 4.6 million Enamine library compounds. Top hits underwent pharmacophore screening, molecular docking, triplicate molecular dynamics simulations, and MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized model demonstrated strong predictive performance and reliable pIC₅₀ estimation. Docking analysis further prioritized the lead compounds, and MD simulation triplicates confirmed stable binding of prioritized compounds within the JAK3 active site, with persistent interactions involving hinge residues Glu903 and Leu905, and charge residues Cys909, Arg911, and Arg953. Lead compounds (Z2953646389, Z2235801948, and Z56791230) were stabilized by Coulombic and van der Waals interactions, exhibiting more favorable MM-PBSA ΔG values than the reference inhibitor ritlecitinib.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating machine learning with structure-based computational approaches provides an efficient strategy for JAK3 inhibitor discovery. The identified leads show strong predicted potency and favorable binding profiles, warranting further experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-tetrahydro-4<i>H</i>-chromenes catalyzed by chitosan and evaluation of anti-<i>Leishmania</i> activity.","authors":"Poliana G Abrantes, Paloma G Abrantes, Renata R Magalhães, Gildilayne M Silva, Yasmin S Albuquerque, Giulia R Machado, Fernando C Comberlang, Tatjana S L Keesen, Juliana A Vale","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2748646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17568919.2026.2748646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study describes a sustainable synthetic methodology employing unmodified commercial chitosan as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of chromene derivatives and the evaluation of their <i>in vitro</i> activity against <i>Leishmania infantum</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2-Amino-tetrahydro-4<i>H</i>-chromene derivatives (<b>4a-p</b>) were synthesized through multicomponent reactions (MCRs) via a Knoevenagel-Michael mechanism using benzaldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone (0.5 mmol each) in aqueous medium at 60°C, catalyzed by commercial chitosan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The methodology exhibited good selectivity, short reaction times (5-60 min), and satisfactory chromene yields (69-89%). Chitosan demonstrated excellent reusability, being recovered and reused for up to four cycles without significant loss of catalytic efficiency. The compounds <b>4a-p</b> were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> against <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, showing moderate activity across the series (IC₅₀ = 35.64-240.51 µM). Compound <b>4p</b> stood out as the most active (IC₅₀ = 4.62 µM) and maintained relevant activity against amastigotes (EC₅₀ = 7.57 µM). In addition, it showed no significant toxicity (HC₅₀ and CC₅₀ >100 µM).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Direct use of unmodified commercial chitosan provides a simple, efficient, and recyclable catalytic system for chromene synthesis. This sustainable approach yielded compounds with promising antileishmanial activity, highlighting compound <b>4p</b> as a promising lead for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, <i>in silico</i> study and cytotoxic evaluation of new benzimidazole derivatives as potential aromatase inhibitors.","authors":"Ayşen Işık, Nour El-Huda Daoud, Kezban Uçar Çiftçi, Gulsah Congur, Ebru Nur Ay, Emine Rana Bagcı, Şennur Görgülü, Ulviye Acar Çevik, Yusuf Tutar, Yusuf Özkay, Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2748643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17568919.2026.2748643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>A new series of benzimidazole derivatives (<b>4a</b>-<b>4p</b>) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential aromatase inhibitors with anticancer activity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The anticancer effects of the compounds were evaluated using the MCF-7 cell line. Derivatives that showed activity were subjected to an aromatase inhibition assay. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and <i>in silico</i> ADMET profiling were performed for the selected compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the series, para-substituted derivatives <b>4d</b> (Cl), <b>4h</b> (OC₂H₅), and <b>4k</b> (F) exhibited potent antiproliferative activity with low‑micromolar IC₅₀ values (2.40-2.64 µM), surpassing cisplatin, while maintaining favorable selectivity profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This experimental and computational study identifies <b>4d</b> as a promising lead for further development as a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor for breast cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New small molecular drug approvals for 2025: clinical applications, mechanism of action, and chemical synthesis.","authors":"Han-Bo Seng, Yi-Ru Bai, Dan-Dan Shen, Chun-Li Wang, Yan-Xia Xu, Hong Zhang, Ying Xu, Hong-Min Liu, Dong-Jie Seng","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2741243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17568919.2026.2741243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2025, the U.S. FDA approved 46 new drug applications, including 34 new molecular entities and 12 biologics license applications. The new molecular entities include 31 small-molecule drugs and 3 oligonucleotides, while the biological license applications cover monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and fusion proteins. These newly approved molecules not only feature favorable skeletal structures but also embody the comprehensive achievements of multiple fields, including modern drug discovery, drug synthesis, and the study of pathogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the clinical indications, mechanisms of action, and synthetic routes of the 31 newly approved small-molecule drugs in 2025, providing a reference for follow‑up drug‑discovery practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chalcone-pyridine/pyrimidine hybrids: promising candidates for anticancer drug development.","authors":"Junjian Wang, Lumei Dai, Shifang Wen, Chuangjun Liu, Gaoli Dong","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2741225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17568919.2026.2741225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality, and the clinical application of conventional anticancer agents is severely limited by issues such as poor selectivity, systemic toxicity, and multidrug resistance. Chalcones, pyridines, and pyrimidines are privileged heterocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, with inherent anticancer potential, structural flexibility, and good biocompatibility. Molecular hybridization, a rational drug design strategy, has been widely applied to construct chalcone pyridine/pyrimidine hybrids by covalently conjugating these bioactive moieties. These hybrid molecules integrate the dual pharmacological merits of the parent skeletons to produce synergistic anticancer effects and mitigate the drawbacks of single pharmacophore agents. This review summarizes recent advances in anticancer chalcone pyridine/pyrimidine hybrids reported from 2020 to date. We compile 39 hybrid series built on two major scaffold classes: chalcone-pyridine and chalcone-(fused)pyrimidine frameworks. This work focuses on structural design strategies, core structure-activity relationships, and anticancer mechanisms. Major translational bottlenecks are also outlined: most studies rely heavily on cellular level assays, while comprehensive pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and formulation investigations remain insufficient. Finally, current challenges and future research directions for this hybrid class are highlighted, aiming to deliver concise theoretical foundations and practical references for further structural optimization and pre clinical translational study of these promising anticancer lead candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organometallic compounds as antimicrobial agents: emerging chemical types, mechanistic insights and future directions.","authors":"Gonzalo Scalese, Dinorah Gambino","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2726187","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2726187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relentless surge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic pathogens constitutes a catastrophic threat to global healthcare, rapidly rendering conventional organic anti-infectives obsolete and demanding the urgent development of innovative chemical scaffolds.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This expert opinion examines recent breakthroughs in bioorganometallic drug design. It evaluates the structural classification, multi-targeted mechanisms of action, non-canonical pathways, and preclinical efficacy of emerging organometallic compounds-specifically metallocenes, <i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbenes, half-sandwich arenes, and tricarbonyl complexes-combating drug-resistant infections.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Organometallic platforms offer an unparalleled structural toolkit to overcome cross-resistance due to their modular geometries and ability to trigger simultaneous lethal mechanisms. To advance these candidates into human clinical trials and address lingering toxicity concerns, future research must prioritize optimizing the kinetic stability of metal-compounds networks to prevent premature in vivo speciation. Furthermore, integrating smart, pathogen-specific delivery vectors (such as peptide or antibody conjugates) will dramatically expand their therapeutic windows, facilitating the clinical translation of next-generation bioorganometallic anti-infectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2791-2810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the antidiabetic potential of DHA-salicylaldehyde-chalcone endowed 1,2,3-triazole hybrids: synthesis, α-glucosidase inhibition and molecular modeling studies.","authors":"Anshul Grover, Vivek Asati, Jayant Sindhu, Kashmiri Lal","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2732256","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2732256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present research work aims to synthesize and explore the <i>in vitro</i> α-glucosidase inhibition potentials of DHA-salicylaldehyde-chalcone endowed 1,2,3-triazoles to counter diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A series of DHA-salicylaldehyde-chalcone endowed 1,2,3-triazole hybrids (<b>4a-4l</b>) was synthesized and characterized using various spectral techniques <i>viz</i> FTIR, NMR, and HRMS. The hybrids were further assayed for <i>in vitro</i> α-glucosidase inhibition. The findings were further justified by <i>in silico</i> studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of <i>in vitro</i> study suggested triazole hybrid <b>4k</b> as the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 1.35 µM) compared to acarbose (IC₅₀ = 13.5 µM). Molecular docking (MD) investigations of ligand-protein complex revealed favorable binding interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The hybrid <b>4k</b> exhibited maximum inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme with favorable binding interactions, suggesting this framework is a potential lead motif for future antidiabetic drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2683-2696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148967405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, synthesis, and computational assessment of <i>bis</i>‑oxadiazole ligands targeting α-amylase and α-glucosidase: DFT, docking, and ADME studies.","authors":"Shoaib Khan, Tayyiaba Iqbal, Bibi Nazia Murtaza, Jamoliddin Razzokov, Sirajul Haq, Eman Alzahrani, Aftab Ahmad Khan, Sobhi M Gomha, Magdi E A Zaki, Faez Falah Alshehri, Hamdy Kashtoh","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2732262","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2732262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, mainly due to postprandial glucose elevation. Inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase is an effective strategy for its management. This study aimed to design, synthesize, characterize, and evaluate a series of bis-oxadiazole derivatives as potential anti-diabetic agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The target compounds were synthesized via multistep organic synthesis and structurally confirmed using spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, NMR, and HRMS. The in-vitro anti-diabetic potential was assessed through α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to investigate binding interactions and conformational stability within the active sites of both enzymes. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling was also carried out to evaluate drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the synthesized derivatives, compound 10 exhibited the most potent activity, showing IC₅₀ values of 1.80 and 2.10 μM against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively, in comparison with the positive control acarbose (IC₅₀ = 5.50 and 5.60 μM, respectively). Compound 10 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against both enzymes, showing strong binding affinity and key hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions in docking studies. The spectroscopic characterization confirmed the successful formation of all target compounds. ADMET analysis indicated favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles for the most active derivatives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined experimental and computational results demonstrate significant structure-activity relationships within the bis-oxadiazole scaffold, identifying compound 10 as a promising lead candidate for further optimization as a dual enzyme inhibitor for diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2663-2681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design and synthesis of sulfonamide-substituted coumarinyl-imidazolone hybrids against multidrug-resistant microbial strains: computational and biological evaluation studies.","authors":"Preetesh Kumar Panda, Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty, Alaka Sahoo, Aruna Ghose, Ajit Kumar Bishoyi","doi":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2736295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17568919.2026.2736295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The longstanding use of sulfonamides has contributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, posing a major challenge to antimicrobial therapy worldwide. In response, a series of sulfonamide-linked coumarinyl-imidazolone derivatives (<b>6a-t</b>) were rationally designed and synthesized to identify potential antimicrobial candidates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Structures were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. <i>In silico</i> studies, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and ADMET analysis, correlated with the observed biological activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compounds <b>6a</b> (-11.97 kcal/mol) and <b>6m</b> (-9.91 kcal/mol) demonstrated excellent binding toward <i>C.</i> <i>albicans</i> sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) and PBP2a of methicillin-resistant <i>S.</i> <i>aureus</i> (MRSA), respectively, while MD simulations support stable complexes. <i>In vitro</i> findings identified compounds <b>6a</b>, <b>6m</b>, and <b>6n</b> as potent leads, exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 15 to 500 µg/mL and antioxidant activity with DPPH IC₅₀ values of 6.05 ± 0.57, 7.57 ± 0.36, and 6.35 ± 0.51 μM, respectively. Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) analysis further substantiated the reactivity and stability of the lead candidates, with compound <b>6n</b> displaying the lowest energy gap (2.66 eV), indicating enhanced reactivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compounds <b>6a</b>, <b>6m</b>, and <b>6n</b> exhibited potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, highlighting their promise as multifunctional antimicrobial scaffolds against MDR pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12475,"journal":{"name":"Future medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2877-2892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}