PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases最新文献

{"title":"PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF TWELVE BULGARIAN SEQUENCES BASED ON PARTIAL OPEN READING FRAME 2 GENOME FRAGMENT OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS","authors":"Chiydem B. Ismailova, Asq Stoyanova, Viliana Yoncheva, T. Tenev, L. Nikolaeva-Glomb, E. Golkocheva-Markova","doi":"10.58395/y45wev44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/y45wev44","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes both acute and chronic liver inflammation. HEV is transmitted through the fecal-oral mechanism and infects both animals and humans. The virus belongs to the Hepeviridae family and its genome is a single stranded RNA molecule. Thanks to molecular sequencing methods different genotypes and subgenotypes have been established. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize Bulgarian HEV sequences by applying Sanger sequencing technique for a genome fragment in Open Reading Frame 2 (ORF2 region).\u0000Material and methods: Twelve retrospective samples from patients with serologically confirmed HEV infection (anti-HEV IgM and IgG positive) were sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Sequencing data were analysed by BioEdit, MEGA11 and NCBI Genbank software tools.\u0000Results: The results revealed that all isolates assign to species Paslahepevirus balayani. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HEV isolates were characterized with considerable genetic diversity. The sequences were sub-clustered into the following subgenotypes: HEV-3e, 3m, 3f and 3c.\u0000Conclusion: We successfully applied the Sanger method for hepatitis E virus RNA sequencing. The established heterogeneity of subgenotypes requires further study in order to determine the circulation of all possible subgenotypes of HEV in the country.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"29 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CASE REPORT OF SEPSIS ASSOCIATED WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7","authors":"Maria Pavlova, Rositsa Stoyanova, M. Popov, V. Velev","doi":"10.58395/7gqkar88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/7gqkar88","url":null,"abstract":"The reports of infections and outbreaks due to Escherichia coli 0157:H7 have increased in the EU for the last five years. The clinical spectrum of the infection varies from hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and rarely, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This infection is new to Bulgaria, and we report a case of VT1 and VT2 positive E. coli O157:H7 with the presentation of this organism with the onset of haemorrhagic colitis, HUS and lethal exitus of the patient.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE POTENTIAL OF HUMAN PLASMA AND HUMAN BLOOD PRODUCTS FOR IMMUNE PROTECTION","authors":"Vancho Donev, Georgi Nikolov","doi":"10.58395/w7sjj435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/w7sjj435","url":null,"abstract":"Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) were used for the first time at the late seventies for treatment of patient with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Тhe first observations opened a wide field for basic and clinical research leading to a rapidly expanding use of IVIg for the treatment of patients with multiple diseases. The immunoglobulin preparations contain large amount of intact form of IgG molecules with comparable values of subclasses as in native plasma. Тhose properties account for the normal half-life of injected immunoglobulin of three weeks, and its ability to react normal with the complement components and with the specific Fcγ-receptors on the surface of phagocytes and lymphocytes. IVIg is produced from plasma pules from several thousand donors, which leads to wide spectre of variable regions of IgG molecules in the product. Some of the antibodies in the product can recognize bacterial, virus and fungal antigens are essential in replacement therapy in patients with antibody deficiency. А good understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of the immunoregulatory actions of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations is important for optimizing their use in inflammatory diseases for conducting new clinical observations.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VAGINAL CANDIDA ISOLATES","authors":"Hristina H. Hitkova, D. Georgieva","doi":"10.58395/2enj2697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/2enj2697","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common Candida infection in females of reproductive age. Data concerning the species identification and antifungal susceptibility of vaginal Candida isolates are of great importance for the infection management.\u0000Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates obtained from vaginal samples of women with VVC.\u0000Material and methods: A total of 125 vaginal Candida isolates were collected and tested. The definitive species identification was performed by VITEC2 Compact (Bio Merieux, France) using YST ID cards. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antifungal agents were determined by the commercial system Micronaut-AM (Merlin Diagnostika GmbH, Germany).\u0000Results: Overall, 8 Candida species were established among the vaginal yeast isolates. The most common was C. albicans (77.6%), followed by C. glabrata (12%), C. krusei (4%), C. kefyr (2.4%), C. spherica (1.6%), C. lusitaniae, C. utilis, and C. sake (each one 0.8%). All C. albicans and 20 non-albicans Candida (NAC) were susceptible to nine antifungal agents. In the group of NAC, 8 isolates were resistant to fluconazole – 5 C. krusei with intrinsic resistance, 2 C. spherica, and 1 C. sake. The fluconazole MICs of C. spherica and C. sake were 32 - 128 μg/mL, and 16 μg/mL, respectively.\u0000Conclusions: C. albicans was the main causative agent of VVC. Among NAC, C. glabrata was the predominant species. In general, vaginal C. albicans and non-albicans Candida were susceptible to azoles as well as echinocandins, amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. Of particular interest was the detection of rare non-albicans Candida isolates with acquired resistance to azoles.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VACCINE BREAKTHROUGH CASES AMONG HOSPITALISED PATIENTS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT FOR COVID-19 IN NORTH-EASTERN BULGARIA","authors":"Teodora Dimitrova, T. Paunov, Yavor Chenkov","doi":"10.58395/hb45xe74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/hb45xe74","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread globally, with vaccines being the most effective way to control the pandemic. Studies show a significant reduction in infection, hospitalisations, severe disease, and death after vaccination.The aim of the study was to determine the share of breakthrough infections among critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital at the beginning of the delta-variant pick.\u0000Material and methods: For a period of 10 months a total of 740 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, were treated in the intensive care unit of the University Hospital “St. Marina-Varna”, with ersons. Information on the vaccination status of all 740 hospitalised patients was extracted from the National information system \"Register of immunized persons against COVID-19\", including the type and date of COVID-19 vaccine administration, where available. After that, descriptive statistics were performed with the collected data.\u0000Results: Out of 740 patients, 19 (2.6%) had received at least 1 dose of vaccine, and 721 (97.4%) - none. Only ten (1.35%) of the studied everely and critically ill patients had completed the vaccination cycle (without a booster dose).\u0000Conclusion: Our findings show that when fully administered, vaccines are highly effective against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to ICU admission. Our findings reinforce the value of widespread COVID-19 vaccination, underscore the importance of completing the vaccination cycle for either of the mRNA-based vaccines, and may help motivate persons who remain hesitant about being vaccinated.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"171 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTESTINAL PARASITISM IN WORKING HORSES AND ASSOCIATED ZOONOTIC RISKS IN LOWLANDS OF NEPAL","authors":"R. Adhikari, Madhuri Adhikari Dhakal, T. Ghimire","doi":"10.58395/pkz5qg48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/pkz5qg48","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of intestinal parasites influences equines' well-being and working performance. However, the scenario of parasitism in working horses in the lowlands of Nepal is yet to be explored. The present study aimed to reveal the prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites (protozoa and helminths) and to list the zoonotic species in working horses in the lowlands of Nepal. Fresh fecal samples (N=102) from horses were collected at two locations (Chitwan and Birgunj) in the lowlands of Terai and were transferred to the research laboratory. Coproscopy was carried out via direct wet mount, formalin ethyl acetate (FEA) sedimentation, saturated salt flotation, and acid-fast staining techniques. Coproscopy revealed an overall prevalence rate of 90.2% (92/102) with 15 known diverse species of parasites (Protozoa: 5 and Helminths: 10) and an unknown coccidian, out of which eight possess zoonotic potential. The prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites were higher in adult than in young animals (90.7%; 15 spp. vs. 88.9%; 11 spp.) The overall prevalence of helminths was double that of protozoa (89.2% vs. 43.1%). Furthermore, polyparasitism was much more prevalent than monoparasitism (85.3% vs 4.9%). Co-infection with two parasite species (37%) was higher in young horses. In comparison, triplet infection (34%) was higher in adults, and a maximum concurrency of up to six species of parasites at a time was recorded. Following it, the differences in the prevalence rate of parasites based on the predictor of risks, like sex, grazing, domestication type, nature of the floor, and medication practices, were statistically significant. Working horses in the lowlands of Terai harbored a significant variety of intestinal parasites with important prevalence. Since eight of the reported parasitic species were zoonotic, infected horses pose a zoonotic risk to the owners. Therefore, timely deworming, pasture management, and reduction in working pressure are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"114 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOLECULAR VIROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSMISSION CLUSTERS AND RESISTANCE MUTATIONS OF HIV-1 SUBTYPE B IN BULGARIA (2012-2020)","authors":"Lyubomira Grigorova, Alexandra Partsuneva, Reneta Dimitrova, Asya Kostadinova, I. Alexiev","doi":"10.58395/ye8wd203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/ye8wd203","url":null,"abstract":"HIV-1 infection in Bulgaria is known for its high level of genetic diversity. Previous studies have indicated that subtype B is the most common strain in Bulgaria, particularly among men who have sex with men, who are at a high risk of transmission. The primary objective of this study was to identify any transmission clusters and transmission resistance in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 who have not yet received antiretroviral therapy (ART).\u0000To this end, we sequenced the HIV-1 pol gene in the samples from the study participants using either the Viroseq HIV-1 Genotyping Test (Abbott) and the Applied Biosystems 3130xl genetic analyzer or the TruGene DNA Sequencing System (Siemens Healthcare) and an OpenGene DNA sequencing system. We then subtyped the HIV-1 pol sequences, and further analyzed those that met the criteria for subtype B.\u0000The study included a total of 595 HIV-1 subtype B sequences. Our analysis revealed that the majority of those diagnosed with HIV-1 subtype B were male and lived in Sofia region. The most common transmission mode was through sexual intercourse among men who have sex with men, followed by heterosexual transmission. We also observed the presence of multiple transmission clusters , and a low percentage of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs). Overall, our study confirms that HIV-1 subtype B remains the most dominant strain in Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA DIVERSITY IN KARST WATERS AND BIOFILMS IN BULGARIAN CAVES","authors":"Yuliana Atanasova, Rayna Antova, L. Boyanova, Lyubomira Grigorova, Stanislava P Yordanova","doi":"10.58395/q41yrx48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/q41yrx48","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens causing opportunistic infections in humans and animals. Their distribution in the waters and caves of Bulgaria is poorly studied. Climatic changes are associated with changes in the amplitudes of ambient and water temperature, as well as changes in the amount of precipitation which play an essential role in the creation of reservoirs of some types of NTM in the environment.\u0000Material and Methods: We optimized the methods for successful isolation of environmental NTM and then used molecular genetic methods for identification.\u0000Results: A total of 235 samples (karst water, sediments, soil, bat guano) were collected in some caves of the following karst regions: 203 in Vratsa Karst area, 204 in Ponor Karst area, 205 in Bezdenski area and 303 in Karst and caves of Bosnek region. Primary isolation of mycobacteria by Löwenstein–Jensen at room temperature was more successful than on liquid media at 37°C. We identified NTM in 10% (n=24) from these materials. Diverse NTM included: M. chelonae (n=3), M. gordonae (n=2), M. intermedium (n=3), M. scrofulaceum (n=1), M. szulgai (n=4), M. fortuitum group (n=4), NTM mix culture (n=5), M. terrae complex (n=1), Mycobacterium sp. (n=1). Rapidly growing NTM (M. chelonae, M. fortuitum group) were the most common. The isolates belonged to group of environmental saprophytes (Risk group 1) and potential pathogens (Risk group 2).\u0000Conclusions: We successfully implemented a procedure for decontamination and isolation of NTM from the environment. For the first time in the country, NTM species were identified in biofilms, karst waters, soil and bat guano within caves. The presence of NTM in cave ecosystems represents a potential source for human infection.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FERROPTOSIS IN CD4+ AND CD8+ T-CELLS IN THE SETTINGS OF HIV INFECTION","authors":"R. Emilova, Y. Todorova, M. Aleksova, Reneta Dimitrova, Lyubomira Grigorova, Damian Vangelov, I. Alexiev, N. Yancheva, Maria Nikolova","doi":"10.58395/pmgvqy76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/pmgvqy76","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Elevation of intracellular iron concentration triggers ferroptosis. Understanding the regulation and pathophysiological mechanisms of this process in HIV infection may contribute to antiretroviral therapy (cART) monitoring.\u0000Aim: To perform a correlation analysis of the intracellular labile-bound iron pool (LIP) in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in association with CD4+, CD8+ T cells absolute count (AC) and CD4/CD8 index in HIV+ individuals on continuous cART with sustained viral suppression.\u0000Material and methods: Peripheral blood samples (Li heparin, n=34) were collected in the course of the routine immune monitoring of HIV+ individuals at four time points during 24 months. Plasma HIV viral load (VL) was determined with the Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 test (sensitivity 40 copies/ml). AC and percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were determined by direct flow cytometry (Multitest, BD Trucount, FACS Canto II). The intracellular content of LIP in CD4 and CD8 T cells (LIP CD4, LIP CD8) was measured at the beginning of the study, using acetoxymethyl ester and subsequent incubation with a chelator (Deferiprone). LIP was quantified according to the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (FACSCanto II, Diva 6.1.2).\u0000Results: In the settings of a higher LIP CD4 , high LIP CD8 correlated with increased CD8AC (Rho=0.70, p<0.05) up to 11 (min. 6, max. 15) months after LIP measurement., and decreased CD4/CD8 ratio correlated inversely with LIP CD8 in all consecutive measurements (Rho= -0.71, p<0.01 for all), Importantly, high LIP CD8 correlated with a lower CD4AC (Rho=-0.65, p<0.05) up to five (min.1, max.8) months after LIP measurement.\u0000Conclusion: The increased concentration of intracellular LIP in CD8 cells in HIV+cART individuals could indicate viral activity in the settings of undetectable HIV VL, directly associated with ongoing cell ferroptosis.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF INFLUENZA, ARI AND COVID-19 PREVALENCE IN BULGARIA FOR THE PERIOD 2017-2022","authors":"Zhivka Getsova, Antoaneta Minkova, Ralitsa Tsoneva, Kalina Petkova","doi":"10.58395/nw1rvz88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58395/nw1rvz88","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The report presents a comparison of the incidence of respiratory infections - influenza, other acute respiratory infections and COVID-19 for the period 2017-2022. A comparative analysis of the epidemiological dynamics in different areas of the country is made and factors such as demography and vaccine coverage are also analyzed.\u0000Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis of the prevalence of Influenza/ARI, and COVID-19 was made for the years of the studied period. Regional values were compared to the country total in order to rank regions according to the experienced disease incidence burden at a regional level. The percentile method was used to identify and filter the regions where Influenza/ARI waves appeared with the highest intensity in the country. To compare intensity of COVID-19 waves between the selected regions we used the maximal weekly incidence values per 100 000 population reached for the different periods of the pandemic. Information on the age structure of the population in the respective regions and the vaccine uptake was retrieved and compared.\u0000Results: The regions of Blagoevgrad, Montana, Haskovo, Razgrad, Kardzhali, Sliven and Targovishte were filtered among all regions as the ones with the most intensive Influenza waves for the period 2017-2022.  Blagoevgrad and Sliven were the regions with higher maximal COVID-19 incidence values before the Delta circulation and during the Omicron predominance. When the Delta variant was predominant, Blagoevgrad and Montana surpassed the incidence recorded for the country. No data supporting the initial hypothesis that demographic structure at regional level determines intensity of spread of the two viral respiratory infections was found. However, the regions with higher COVID-19 vaccines coverage were found to have the lowest incidence levels of the infection.\u0000Conclusion: Although COVID-19 and Influenza/ARI are both respiratory infections, they differ in their epidemiology and no specific pattern can be found. We recommend that anti-epidemic measures should be followed to limit incidence regardless of the circulating respiratory pathogen.","PeriodicalId":124630,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}