Frontiers in Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Microplastic pollution and associated trace metals in freshwater ecosystems within protected natural areas: the case of a biosphere reserve in Mexico","authors":"Rubén Rafael Granados-Sánchez, Jacinto Elías Sedeño-Díaz, Eugenia López-López","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1441340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1441340","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) are considered pollutants of emerging concern. In rivers, MPs (≤5 mm) are transported by currents and deposited in lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and oceans. In Mexico, MPs in freshwater ecosystems have been scarcely studied. This work aimed to determine the presence of MPs in rivers of the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve (SGBR). Samples of surface water and sediment collected from the Escanela, Jalpan, Ayutla, and Santa María rivers were processed. MPs in water were extracted by direct filtration using nitrocellulose filters with a 1.2 μm pore size; MPs in sediments were extracted by density suspension using a ZnCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solution (ρ ≈ 1.5 g/cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>). The surface of MPs was examined using SEM-EDX, and spectra of trace elements deposited on the MPs were obtained; additionally, MP polymers were characterized with FTIR. Fibers were the most abundant MP forms in both matrices. Up to 110.87 items L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> were detected in water and 175 items kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (dry weight) in sediments. Surface wear of MPs was observed, and trace elements were detected, including Al, Fe, Cr, Si, and Zn, among others. The polymers identified in MP samples were polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, polyamide, and polystyrene. The test results revealed the presence of MPs with trace metals on their surface in the freshwater ecosystems of the SGBR, which may be related to mining operations in the study area, changes in land use, wastewater discharges, atmospheric transport, and dry and wet deposition. These findings demonstrated the ubiquity of these pollutants and their presence even in areas intended for conservation.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What can I do as a farmer to reduce losses? Willingness to use meteorological information as an exit strategy to deal with meteorological hazards","authors":"Naser Valizadeh, Latif Haji, Shobeir Karami, Atefeh Ahmadi Dehrashid, Sara Jalilian, Hossein Azadi","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1363306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1363306","url":null,"abstract":"Meteorological information and forecasts are of great importance to reduce agro-meteorological hazards. However, the gap between production and application of these forecasts is one of the most ambiguous issues of crop management at the farmers’ level. In this regard, investigating the factors influencing Iranian farmers willingness to use meteorological information and predictions was selected as the main aim of the present study. To this end, an extended version of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was employed and modeled. The results revealed that attitude towards the use of meteorological information and predictions, subjective norms in the use of meteorological information and predictions, perceived behavioral control and self-identity in the use of meteorological information and prediction, and moral norm variables regarding the use of meteorological information and predictions positively and significantly affected willingness to use meteorological information and predictions. These variables could account for 46% of willingness to use meteorological information and predictions variance. According to the results, it was suggested that by creating multimedia programs, the agricultural community become aware of the benefits and consequences of using meteorological information in their activities. Furthermore, it was recommended that social cooperation and research groups be formed on the use of meteorological information in agricultural activities. This can contribute to examine the various dimensions (strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities) of using meteorological information from a collective perspective. Making a social decision in this regard can have a profound effect on a person’s subjective norms and dramatically increase the speed of using meteorological information. The results of this study can help policymakers and decision-makers in the field of agriculture to design suitable intervention programs for the effective use of meteorological information by farmers. Also, the results of this study help farmers to effectively reduce the impacts of meteorological hazards.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of carbon emission trading on urban green innovation: empirical evidence from China’s carbon emission trading pilot policy","authors":"Kun Tian, Duanqiang Zhai, Shuo Han","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1419720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1419720","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of global climate change challenges, China’s implementation of the carbon emission trading (CET) pilot policy has provided new empirical research opportunities. Based on a dataset covering 281 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2021, this paper employs econometric models to conduct an in-depth analysis of the policy’s impact on urban green innovation (UGI). The findings indicate that the CET pilot policy has significantly promoted green innovation activities in affected cities, with positive effects observed both directly in pilot cities and indirectly in non-pilot cities through spatial spillover effects. In addition, the policy has been found to encourage technological investment and enhance public environmental awareness (PEA), further advancing green innovation. The paper also unveils comprehensive policy effects, indicating that the Big Data Comprehensive Test Zone policy and the New Energy Demonstration City policy work synergistically with the CET pilot policy in advancing green innovation. These findings provide valuable experiences and insights for designing environmental policy tools at the national level, promoting green development, and constructing climate change response strategies.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term PM2.5 forecasting using a unique ensemble technique for proactive environmental management initiatives","authors":"Hasnain Iftikhar, Moiz Qureshi, Justyna Zywiołek, Javier Linkolk López-Gonzales, Olayan Albalawi","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1442644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1442644","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (&lt;jats:inline-formula&gt;&lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mtext&gt;PM&lt;/mml:mtext&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;&lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt;) is a significant type of air pollution that affects human health due to its ability to persist in the atmosphere and penetrate the respiratory system. Accurate forecasting of particulate matter is crucial for the healthcare sector of any country. To achieve this, in the current work, a new time series ensemble approach is proposed based on various linear (autoregressive, simple exponential smoothing, autoregressive moving average, and theta) and nonlinear (nonparametric autoregressive and neural network autoregressive) models. Three ensemble models are also developed, each employing distinct weighting strategies: equal distribution of weight among all single models (ESME), weight assignment based on training average accuracy errors (ESMT), and weight assignment based on validation mean accuracy measures (ESMV). This technique was applied to daily &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt;&lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mtext&gt;PM&lt;/mml:mtext&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;&lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; concentration data from 1 January 2019, to 31 May 2023, in Pakistan’s main cities, including Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, and Islamabad, to forecast short-term &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt;&lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mtext&gt;PM&lt;/mml:mtext&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;&lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; concentrations. When compared to other models, the best ensemble model (ESMV) demonstrated mean errors ranging from 3.60% to 25.79% in Islamabad, 0.81%–13.52% in Lahore, 1.08%–7.06% in Karachi, and 1.09%–12.11% in Peshawar. These results indicate that the proposed ensemble approach is more efficient and accurate for short-term &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt;&lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mtext&gt;PM&lt;/mml:mtext&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;&lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; forecasting than existing models. Furthermore, using the best ensemble model, a forecast was made for the next 15 days (June 1 to 15 June 2023). The forecast showed that in Lahore, the highest &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt;&lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mtext&gt;PM&lt;/mml:mtext&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;&lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; value (236.00 &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt;&lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mml:mi&gt;μ&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mi&gt;g&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mo&gt;/&lt;/mml:mo&gt;&lt;mml:msup&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mi&gt;m&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;3&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msup&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;&lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt;) was observed on 8 Jun","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of occasional tillage on soil physical and chemical properties and weed infestation in a 10-year no-till system","authors":"Massamba Diop, Adnane Beniaich, Harun Cicek, Hassan Ouabbou, Oussama El Gharras, Abbès Tanji, Ahmed Bamouh, Rachid Dahan, Aziz Zine El Abidine, Mohamed El Gharous, Khalil El Mejahed","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1431822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1431822","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have investigated how one-time targeted tillage of long-term no-till fields impacts topsoil properties and weed dynamics. An on-farm trial was implemented in 2020 to test the effects of occasional tillage (OT) in Morocco with a long-term no-tillage (NT) system and rainfed field crops: durum wheat (<jats:italic>Triticum durum</jats:italic>), faba bean (<jats:italic>Vicia faba</jats:italic> minor), and chickpea (<jats:italic>Cicer arietinum</jats:italic>). Four treatments were established, namely, continuous NT with crop residues maintained (“NT + residue”); continuous NT with crop residues not maintained (“NT-residue”); shallow inversion tillage (“shallow OT”); and deep non-inversion tillage (“deep OT”). We assessed the effect of these treatments on soil physical and chemical properties in 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths after crop harvest of the 2020–2021 (year 1) and 2021–2022 (year 2) growing seasons corresponding to 1 and 2 years after OT, respectively. In addition, we evaluated the effect of the treatments on weed populations and the effect of the legume crop rotated with wheat on soil nitrogen (N) and weed density. In year 1, deep OT reduced the water content at field capacity and available water capacity at 0–10 cm compared to continuous NT; the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) under deep OT was lower than in NT-residue and NT + residue at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, respectively. Furthermore, deep OT increased ammonium-N (NH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>-N) at 0–10 and 10–20 cm compared to NT + residue but reduced exchangeable potassium (K) at 10–20 cm depth compared to NT-residue. In year 2, shallow OT had lower total porosity at 10–20 cm than NT + residue, while shallow and deep OT recorded higher water-stable aggregates at 0–10 cm than NT + residue; at 10–20 cm, deep OT recorded lower CEC than NT + residue. However, deep OT had higher nitrate-N (NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>-N) and available sulfur (S) than NT-residue at 10–20 cm. Occasional tillage did not significantly affect 10 out of 19 of the soil properties evaluated, including soil organic matter (SOM), in all the years and did not help reduce the stratification of soil nutrients in NT. In year 1, 50 days after OT, deep OT reduced the weed density by 46% compared to NT + residue, while in year 2, 406 days after OT, shallow OT reduced weed density by 53% compared to NT-residue. Regarding the effect of the legume rotated with wheat, faba bean appeared to be the better preceding or following wheat crop as it resulted in higher residual soil mineral N and lower weed infestation than chickpea.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying urban climate response to large-scale forcing modified by local boundary layer effects","authors":"Seyed Mahmood Hamze-Ziabari, Mahdi Jafari, Hendrik Huwald, Michael Lehning","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1438917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1438917","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, the joint manifestation of global warming and rapid urbanization has significantly increased the occurrence of heatwaves and the formation of urban heat islands in temperate cities. Consequently, this synergy has amplified the frequency and duration of periods with tropical nights (TNs) in these urban areas. While the occurrences of such extreme events demonstrate irregular and nonlinear annual patterns, they consistently manifest a discernible rising decadal trend in local or regional climatic data. In urban regions situated amidst hilly or mountainous landscapes, changing wind directions—often associated with uphill or downhill thermal flows—profoundly impact the spread and dispersion of heat-related pollution, creating unique natural ventilation patterns. Using the Lausanne/Pully urban area in Switzerland as examples of hilly and lakeshore temperate cities, this study explores the influence of wind patterns and natural urban ventilation on the nonlinearity of recorded climatic data within an urban environment. This study integrates a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model (COSMO-1), a microscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, field observations, variational mode decomposition technique, and statistical analysis to investigate how wind speed and direction critically influence the nonlinearity of recorded long-term trends of extreme events, specifically focusing on the frequency and duration of TNs in lakeshore and hilly cities. The results strongly indicate a direct correlation between the frequency of TNs and the occurrence of specific moderate wind patterns. These wind patterns are exclusively captured by the microscale CFD model, unlike the mesoscale model, which neglects both urban morphology and complex hilly terrains. The impact of temporal and spatial variability of the wind field on long-term observations at fixed measurement stations suggests that caution should be exercised when relying on limited spatial measurement points to monitor and quantify long-term urban climate trends, particularly in cities located in complex terrains.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the growth of pea plant by biochar–polyacrylamide association to cope with heavy metal stress under sewage water application in a greenhouse","authors":"Muhammad Naveed, Maryum Fatima, Zainab Naseem, Zulfiqar Ahmad, Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar, Mubashra Shabbir, Qurrat ul Ain Farooq, Mohamed S. Hodhod, Muhammad Imran Khan, Dua Shahid, Adnan Mustafa","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1380867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1380867","url":null,"abstract":"Sewage water is extensively used for irrigation, serving as a valuable resource for plant growth to enhance agricultural productivity. However, this practice also results in a significant accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, posing potential environmental and health risks. A study was designed to evaluate the combined effect of amendments on heavy metal immobilization in soil and improved growth and yield in pea plants. For this, the soil for each treatment was mixed with biochar (BC) (1% <jats:italic>w/w</jats:italic>), polyacrylamide (PAM) (0.5% <jats:italic>w/w</jats:italic>), and also applied in combination. Pea plants were irrigated with tap water (TW), sewage water (SW), and tap + sewage water (TW + SW). A factorial design was applied to analyze data statistically. The combined application of the biochar and polymer showed a positive response by significantly enhancing the plant growth parameters (39%–84%), physiological attributes (67%–69%), and reducing Cd (56%) and Cr (65%) concentration in soil applied with SW and TW + SW. Moreover, treatment with a combined application of BC and PAM significantly reduced Cd concentrations by 43% in roots, 50% in shoots, and 91% in grains. Similarly, Cr concentrations were reduced by 51% in roots, 51% in shoots, and 94% in grains compared to the control. Overall, the study results indicate reduced bioaccumulation and health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), supporting the application of the polymer and biochar for irrigating pea plants with TW + SW. Leveraging the combined benefits of polymer and biochar amendments appears to be an effective strategy to remediate PTE-contaminated soil, thereby increasing plant growth and yield.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes and cadmium on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth in soil","authors":"Jinghua Long, Xuanxuan Wang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1469172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1469172","url":null,"abstract":"The comprehensive effects of nanoparticles and coexisting heavy metals on plant growth are still unclear, especially in soil medium. The single and combined effects of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cadmium (Cd) on rice (<jats:italic>Oryza sativa</jats:italic> L.) growth were examined in this study through a 4 months pot experiment in 2022. Rice plants were exposed to different concentrations of MWCNTs (100 and 500 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) in the presence of 5.0 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> Cd stress. At the tillering stage, the 500 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> MWCNTs addition reduced plant height by 8.0% and increased soluble protein content in the leaves by 13.7%, demonstrating that a single MWCNTs had a slight negative impact on rice growth. When exposed to Cd stress, the inclusion of 500 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> MWCNTs led to a 6.7%–9.0% decrease in bioavailable Cd level in soil, resulting in considerable reductions in Cd content in roots (23.4%–29.9%), shoots (24.5%–28.3%) and grains (28.3%–66.2%). Compared to the single Cd treatment, the <jats:italic>O. sativa</jats:italic> L. leaves treated with Cd and MWCNTs (500 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) had considerably reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD, CAT, and SOD). The findings of this study indicated that appropriate concentrations of MWCNTs application in soil could alleviate Cd-induced toxicity on rice growth.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Year-round monitoring of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in pristine uppermost stream and estimation of pollution sources","authors":"Emi Nishimura, Hui Xie, Soichiro Tamai, Masateru Nishiyama, Kei Nukazawa, Yuki Hoshiko, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Yoshihiro Suzuki","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1439174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1439174","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the conditions and pollution routes of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in rivers can help provide countermeasures against the spread of ARB. This study focused on the pristine uppermost stream of a river, where <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic>) and enterococci were detected, although the stream flows through a pristine forest catchment. Antibiotic resistance of <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> and enterococci isolated from the river water, riverbed sediment, and feces of waterside animals, such as birds and Mustelidae, were investigated throughout the year in the pristine uppermost sites. Antibiotic resistance was present in 1.4% (7/494) of the <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> strains and 3.0% (24/812) of the enterococcal strains, and was low throughout the year. Although antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from feces was not detected in this watershed, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> was 0.4% (1/246) and 0.6% (1/172) in river water and riverbed sediment samples, respectively were observed. The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> was confirmed in river water samples, and genomic analysis revealed that the samples possessed the <jats:italic>CTX-M-15</jats:italic> group. Multidrug-resistant strains and ESBL-producing strains were classified as phylogroups B1 and A, respectively, which are <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> phenotypes isolated from wild animals. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed analysis targeting enterococci that strains isolated from river water and bird feces were in the same cluster with 100% similarity. Therefore, bird feces are a source of enterococci in the uppermost stream of the river. Because multidrug-resistant bacteria and ESBL-producing bacteria were present in the pristine uppermost stream of the pristine river, urgent elucidation of the spreading routes of ARB is important.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the evolution of watershed habitat quality and its drivers under the influence of the human footprint","authors":"Yinghong Jiang, Jing He, Duanqiang Zhai, Chuyan Hu, Long Yu","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1431295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1431295","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat quality (HQ) serves as a pivotal metric for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem health, with alterations in land use driven by human activities posing direct implications on HQ and ecological sustainability within river basins. Prior research on HQ has predominantly centered on historical land use changes, neglecting the comprehensive consideration of future land use transformations and ecological zoning strategies’ influence on HQ. Consequently, this investigation simulates potential land use shifts in the Min River Basin across various future scenarios, leveraging the integration of PLUS and InVEST models, quantitatively dissects HQ’s responsiveness to these changes and delves into the spatial differentiation dynamics underlying these responses, while also exploring the drivers behind such differentiation. Synergizing with the Human Footprint Index (HFI), the study devises a rational ecological zoning plan tailored to the region and outlines targeted control measures for each zone. The results of the study showed that: 1) the east-central part of the Min River Basin was subject to a greater degree of human interference, and the trend of interconversion between grassland, forest land, and cropland was relatively significant, with construction land mainly originating from the transfer of cropland; 2) from 2000 to 2020, average HQ scores for priority protected zones, priority recovery zones, and appropriate development zones stood at 0.9372, 0.2697, and 0.6098, respectively, accompanied by a rise in the proportion of low and moderate HQ areas to 15% and 17%; (3) DEM and Slope were the main drivers affecting HQ, and their explanatory power reached 0.519 and 0.426, respectively; (4) in comparison to a natural development scenario (ND), the planning protection scenario (PP) offers greater promise for ecological preservation and sustainable development within the Min River Basin. The research results can provide technical support for the ecological restoration of land resources and the development and protection of national land space in watershed areas.","PeriodicalId":12460,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}