Symposium on Volume Visualization最新文献

{"title":"Molecular applications of volume rendering and 3-D texture maps","authors":"D. Goodsell, A. Olson","doi":"10.1145/329129.329144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/329129.329144","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular properties expressed as a 3D grid of scalar values (volumetric data) are effectively imaged by the techniques of volume rendering. In this paper, we describe a ray-tracing volume renderer and some of its macromolecular applications. Volumetric data may be rendered as a collection of cloud densities and zerothickness surfaces, surrounding a solid model of the molecular structure composed of spheres and cylinders. 3D texture mapping is used to display two volumetric data sets in one image, generating cloud opacities and surface levels with one data set and coloring with the second. Several refinements are described, including atmospheric depth cuing and zclipping.","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133049182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-visualization of tomographic volume data using the generalized voxel-model","authors":"K. Höhne, M. Bomans, A. Pommert, M. Riemer, C. Schiers, U. Tiede, G. Wiebecke","doi":"10.1145/329129.329364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/329129.329364","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-slice images obtained from computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging represent a 3D image volume. For its visualization we use a raycasting algorithm working on a gray-scale voxel data model. This model is extended by additional attributes such as membership to an organ or a second imaging modality (“generalized voxel model”). It is shown that the combination of different surface-rendering algorithms together with cutting and transparent display allow a realistic visualization of the human anatomy.","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120955502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volume visualization at the center for supercomputing research and development","authors":"P. Shirley, Henry Neeman","doi":"10.1145/329129.329139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/329129.329139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123807361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive image cube visualization and analysis","authors":"J. Torson","doi":"10.1145/329129.329146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/329129.329146","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a computer system that allows highly interactive visualization of three-dimensional data arrays. Although the system was developed for analysis of image cubes produced by imaging spectrometer instruments, it can be used for visualization of any threedimensional data array. The design of the system includes a master display process that is always active and that provides a variety of options for displaying the image cube. Any one of several different interactive application processes can be run concurrently with the master display process. The concurrent processes extract and display data in graphical and numerical form and perform various analysis functions. The architecture of the system allows its capabilities to be easily extended. The system combines vector graphics on a bit-mapped graphics workstation and image display on a separate image display device. No other special-purpose hardware is required. The new visualization techniques provided by this system allow analysis of three-dimensional data arrays for which conventional volume rendering and surface display techniques are not appropriate.","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132234666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological description in 3D volumetric biomedical visualization","authors":"F. W. George, W. Kraske, J. Halls","doi":"10.1145/329129.329365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/329129.329365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122939286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactivity is the key","authors":"W. Hibbard, D. Santek","doi":"10.1145/329129.329356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/329129.329356","url":null,"abstract":"The interactivity provided by rendering at the animation rate is the key to visualizing multivarite time varying volumetric data. We are developing a system for visualizing earth science data using a graphics supercomputer. We propose simple algorithms for real-time texture mapping and volume imaging using a graphics supercomputer. KEYIdORDS.\" Interactive, texture mapping, volume image, earth science. I N T R O D U C T I O N At the Space Science and Engineering Center we are concerned with the problem of helping earth scientists to visualize their huge data sets. A large weather model output data set may contain one billion points in a five-dimensional array, composed of a 100 by 100 horizontal grid, by 30 vertical levels, by 100 time steps, by 30 different physical variables. Remote sensing instruments such as satellites, radars and lidars produce similarly large data sets. During the last six years we have been developing software tools for managing and visualizing such data sets, as part of the Space Science and Engineering Center's Mancomputer Interactive Data Access System (MclDAS). These tools run on an IBM 4381 and produce animation sequences of multivariate three-dimensional images which are viewed on our large multiframe workstations. However, each image takes 10 to 30 seconds of CPU time to analyze and render, and another 30 seconds to load into the workstation frame store, so turnaround time for producing an animation sequence can be several hours. Figure 1 is a typical image produced by this system. We have applied this system to generate animations from at least twenty different model simulation and remote sensed data sources. Although our earth scientist collaborators are usually pleased with the results, they all express a desire to change the animations with quicker response. This is by far their (and our) primary request. Therefore we have begun developing a highly interactive workstation based on the Stellar GS-1000 graphics supercomputer. This system can produce three-dimensional images from model output data sets in real-time, giving the scientist control over the image generation with immediate feedback. This paper describes earth science data sets, the work we have done so far with the Stellar GS1000, and some thoughts on further development.","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127676114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric rendering of multimodality, multivariable medical imaging data","authors":"Xiaoping Hu, K. K. Tan, D. Levin, S. Galhotra, C. Pelizzari, George T. Y. Chen, R. Beck, C. Chen, M. Cooper","doi":"10.1145/329129.329359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/329129.329359","url":null,"abstract":"KEYWOFID: Volume rendering, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance angiography, image processing, computer graphics. (e.g. local measurements of metabolism). Therefore, it is desirable to combine these data in one single 3-D display so that one can visualize and utilize these types of information simultaneously. We have developed a method for simultaneous display of brain surface anatomy from MR data and surface metabolic activity from PET data [Levin 89b,89c]. Thus, the highly resolved MR images were used to create a 3-D atlas of each patient's brain anatomy for the purpose of localizing poorly-resolved PET measurements of brain metabolism. In the next section, the details of the technique are presented along with a clinical example, illustrating its application to planning surgery from treatment of medically intractable epilepsy. INTFIODtlCTION There are well-known techniques for using X-ray computed tomography (CT) data to create 3-D views of the human skeleton. In earlier work [Levin 89a], we described a new technique for using magnetic resonance (MR) images to create 3-D views of the brain surface. The 3-D images clearly showed surface abnormalities as well as important anatomical landmarks which could not be identified on cross-sectional views (see Figure 2a). Although this type of image shows brain surface anatomy well, it does not provide functional information as well as other anatomical information such as vascular morphology. In this paper, we report our work on integrated 3-D display of data from multiple crosssectional imaging modalities, including MR, CT, and PET as well as our work on the visualization of vascular structure. The data from different imaging modalities are usually complementary. For example, MR images are the best for delineating soft tissue anatomy, and CT images are optimal for depicting bones and calcifications. On the other hand, PET images provide functional information MR imaging is an inherently multivariable technique since it is sensitive to multiple intrinsic tissue parameters which can be measured by using different pulse sequences. For example, \"angiographic\" techniques can be used to produce images in which blood vessels are highlighted. Currently, maximum intensity projection (MIP) is widely used to produce projection views from 3-D data sets of this type. MIP is basically a ray tracing technique, in which the maximum intensity along each ray is retained in the projection regardless of where the maximum occurs [Rossnick 86]. Despite its simplicity, the technique works reasonably well. However, the MIP method is sensitive to susceptibility artifacts and chemical shift artifacts because these artifacts usually have intensity above that of the background. Furthermore it does not present a realistic 3D model of vascular structure since it is not based on a physically meaningful computer graphics model and stationary tissues are not well depicted by this technique. Some ","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114324132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive volume rendering","authors":"L. Westover","doi":"10.1145/329129.329138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/329129.329138","url":null,"abstract":"Volume rendering is the display of data sampled in three dimensions. Traditionally, visualization of such data has been through conventional computer graphics line or surface drawing methods preceded by processes that coerce the sampled data into a form suitable for display. This approach is being replaced by new techniques which operate directly on the three dimensional samples to avoid the artifacts introduced by the use of conventional graphics primitives. Volume rendering is a compute-intensive operation. This paper discusses an approach for volume rendering in which interactive speed is achieved through a parallelizable forward mapping algorithm, successive refinement, table driven mappings for shading and filtering, and the avoidance of complex machine classification of the data. Since the renderer is interactive, users are able to specify application specific mapping functions on-thefly. Current applications include molecular modeling, geology, computed tomography, and astronomy.","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122209353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Distance Maps for Accurate Surface Representation in Sampled Volumes","authors":"Sarah F. Frisken","doi":"10.1109/SVV.1998.729581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SVV.1998.729581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124559,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Volume Visualization","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127097676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}