Frontiers in Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Cloud model-based intelligent controller for load frequency control of power grid with large-scale wind power integration","authors":"Dexin Li, Xiangyu Lv, Haifeng Zhang, Xiangdong Meng, Zhenjun Xu, Chao Chen, Taiming Liu","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1477645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1477645","url":null,"abstract":"The intermittent and fluctuating nature of active power output from wind power significantly affects the Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power grid based on active power balance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a cloud-based intelligent PI controller designed to enhance the performance of LFC in smart grids with large-scale wind power integration. By using the error and the rate of change of error as the antecedent inputs of the cloud model-based controller and the tuning values of P and I as the consequent outputs of the cloud model, adaptive online tuning of the PI parameters is achieved. Based on the control rules of LFC in interconnected power grids and considering the uncertainty of wind power’s active power output, the membership cloud parameters are designed, which effectively solves the problems of poor parameter robustness in traditional PI control and significant human influence on membership degrees in Fuzzy PI control. A simulation model of a dual-area interconnected power grid with wind power for LFC was built using Matlab/Simulink. Two typical disturbances, namely random fluctuations in wind power and sudden increases/decreases in load, were simulated. The simulation results demonstrate that the cloud model-based intelligent PI controller designed in this paper can effectively track the frequency variations caused by random fluctuations in wind power and exhibits strong robustness.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis at the sector level: Evidence from PNARDL for OECD countries","authors":"Yusuf Muratoğlu, Mehmet Songur, Erginbay Uğurlu, Devran Şanlı","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1452906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1452906","url":null,"abstract":"Since the contribution of economic sectors to GDP is heterogeneous, they also contribute differently to CO2 emissions and environmental degradation. In this regard, it is crucial to examine the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis at the sectoral level. Nevertheless, despite the extensive research conducted on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, significant gaps remain in the existing literature, particularly at the sectoral level. This study makes a novel contribution to the existing literature on the environmental EKC hypothesis by examining its validity across four distinct sectors: agriculture, industry, manufacturing, and services. Additionally, it makes a second contribution to the literature by examining the effect of energy consumption on CO2 asymmetrically, employing a novel panel non-linear ARDL (PNARDL) method. The study employs annual data from 38 OECD countries, spanning the period from 1990 to 2022. The findings demonstrate that the EKC hypothesis is valid for sectors other than the industrial sector and for the economy as a whole. The turning point of the Kuznets Curve for the total economy is estimated as $29250 GDP <jats:italic>per capita</jats:italic>. The PNARDL model’s error correction term (ect) is negative and significant. However, the magnitude of the term suggests that the system will return to long-term equilibrium after approximately 2.87 years following any shock. Asymmetric effects are valid for four sectors. Moreover, the empirical results clearly show that energy consumption has asymmetric effects on emissions in both the long and short run. Positive and negative shocks in energy consumption increase CO2 emissions in OECD economies in the long run. It has been determined that agriculture is the sector that causes the most environmental degradation by increasing CO2 emissions. This situation highlights the limited availability of productive capital equipment and renewable sources in the agricultural sector, even in OECD countries. As a result, the findings show that there is a different relationship between each sector’s GDP and CO2 emissions. It is important for policymakers to formulate sector-specific policies to reduce CO2 emissions while fostering GDP growth.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ visualization and structure optimization of the flow channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Zhengguo Qin, Yuanyuan Liu, Chasen Tongsh, Zhiming Bao, Hongtao Li, Kangcheng Wu, Zhe Deng, Bowen Qin, Qing Du, Kui Jiao","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1454007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1454007","url":null,"abstract":"The flow field serves as an important component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for maintaining the hydration of the membrane and discharge of excessive water. In this study, a transparent polycarbonate plate was used as the cathode end plate of the PEMFC. The water management capacity of the PEMFCs with different cathode flow fields was evaluated. The movement and evolution patterns of water droplets, film, and columns in different flow fields were analyzed. The results show that liquid water is discharged faster as the cross-section of the flow channel becomes smaller. The performance of the PEMFC with a partially-narrowed flow field is higher due to better water management capacity and forced convection of gas reactant. Liquid water exists mostly in the form of liquid columns in the parallel flow channel, damaging the uniformity of gas distribution. The wavy flow field is likely to be flooded due to the difference of water movement velocity in different channel regions. In addition, a volume of fluid (VOF) model was developed to quantitatively evaluate the water management performance of each type of flow field. The water movement patterns in the different flow channels were concluded. This study provided real-time observations of water movement in the flow channel, revealing a correlation between water management capabilities and the performance of the PEMFC.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of hydrogen on tropospheric ozone and methane and their modulation by atmospheric NOx","authors":"Hannah N. Bryant, David S. Stevenson, Mathew R. Heal, Nathan Luke Abraham","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1415593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1415593","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric hydrogen concentrations have been increasing in recent decades. Hydrogen is radiatively inert, but it is chemically reactive and exerts an indirect radiative forcing through chemistry that perturbs the concentrations of key species within the troposphere, including ozone. Using the atmospheric version of the United Kingdom Earth System Model, we analyse the impact of 10% increased surface concentrations of hydrogen on ozone production and loss. We also analyse the impact of this hydrogen in atmospheres with lower anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (80% and 30% of present-day anthropogenic surface emissions), as this is a likely outcome of the transition from fossil fuels towards cleaner technologies. In each case, we also assess the changes in hydroxyl radical concentration and hence methane lifetime and calculate the net impact on the hydrogen tropospheric global warming potential (GWP). We find that the hydrogen tropospheric GWP<jats:sub>100</jats:sub> will change relatively little with decreases in surface anthropogenic NO<jats:sub>x</jats:sub> emissions (9.4 and 9.1 for our present day and 30% anthropogenic emissions, respectively). The current estimate for hydrogen GWP<jats:sub>100</jats:sub> can therefore be applied to future scenarios of differing NO<jats:sub>x</jats:sub>, although this conclusion may be impacted by future changes in emissions of other reactive species.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AADMM based shared energy storage planning for resilience improvement of renewable energy stations","authors":"Long Zhao, Jinping Zhang, Qingquan Lv, Zhenzhen Zhang, Pengfei Gao, Ruixiao Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1467627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1467627","url":null,"abstract":"The exponential proliferation of renewable energy has resulted in a significant mismatch between power supply and demand, especially during extreme events. This incongruity presents challenges in efficiently harnessing renewable energy and enhancing the resilience of the power grid. To address this issue, this paper proposes shared energy storage (SES) planning based on the adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers (AADMM). The objective is to fully leverage SES, enhance the local consumption level of renewable energy, ensure power grid resilience, and reduce operational costs. First, to ensure the effective utilization of SES while minimizing initial investment and construction costs, a planning model for SES is formulated. Secondly, to maximize the benefits for multiple prosumers within the renewable energy and SES station, a profit maximization model for multiple prosumers is established. Lastly, to guarantee the privacy security of SES and multi-prosumers while optimizing computational efficiency, a distributed computing model for SES based on AADMM is developed. The results of the example show that the proposed model can not only reduce the cost of 47.96 CNY, but also increase the power self-sufficiency rate by 21.86%. In addition, compared with the traditional distributed optimization, the number of iterations of AADMM is increased by 47.05%, and the computational efficiency is increased by 54.67%. In addition, market prices have a great impact on energy trading, and the impact of market pricing on the operation of the park is not considered in our current research. In this case, our future research aims to consider how to price reasonably between prosumers and between prosumers and SES, so as to realize the stable participation of each subject in the energy market.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation data center energy management: a data-driven decision-making framework","authors":"Vlatko Milić","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1449358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1449358","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of society’s ongoing digitization and the exponential growth in data volume, alongside a growing energy demand, energy management plays an integral role in data centers (DCs) and is a key factor in the quest for decarbonization. In light of the complex nature of DCs, traditional energy management strategies are inadequate. This research introduces a data-driven decision-making framework for DCs, grounded in the OODA (Observation, Orientation, Decision, and Action) loop and based on insights from an Ericsson-operated DC in Linköping, Sweden. The developed framework enables DCs to enhance energy efficiency effectively. Rooted in the OODA loop and leveraging extensive datasets from DCs’ building management systems, this framework aids in decreasing cooling energy usage through strategic, data-driven decision-making. By adopting AI methods, specifically <jats:italic>K</jats:italic>-means clustering in this research, for continuous monitoring and fine-tuning (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) PID parameters, the framework aids in improving operational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The static voltage stability analysis of photovoltaic energy storage systems based on NPU algorithm","authors":"Chang Ye, Kezheng Jiang, Junjie Wu, Mingye Sun, Xiaotong Ji, Dan Liu","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1443677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1443677","url":null,"abstract":"Although the data-driven static voltage stability problems have been widely studied, most of the classical algorithms focus more on improving the accuracy of the system prediction, ignoring the error classification errors generated during the prediction process. Furthermore, current research ignores the utilization of data-driven voltage stability assessment of energy storage systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a static voltage stability assessment method for photovoltaic energy storage systems based on considering the error classification constraint algorithm using Neyman-Pearson umbrella algorithms. Firstly, the Spearman Correlation Coefficient is employed in the feature selection phase. Secondly, an updated voltage stability assessment (VSA) model is proposed. Compared with the existing data-driven prediction of system static voltage stability in the literature, it can realize voltage stability assessment more quickly. Furthermore, on the basis of rapid voltage stability assessment, the umbrella NP classifier can also effectively limit the first-class error and attenuate the effect of error classification by mirroring the control of the number of cycle splits and the type <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">I</mml:mi></mml:math></jats:inline-formula> classification error threshold. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the effectiveness and robustness of the scheme proposed in this paper in grid-connected photovoltaic energy farms.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on time-of-use compensation pricing strategies for load aggregators based on user demand response","authors":"Hongzhao Yang, Zhan Zhang, Rui Liang, Weifeng Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1442194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1442194","url":null,"abstract":"As the electric power market reform deepens, the strategic role of load aggregators in demand-side response becomes increasingly important. The inherent variability of distributed renewable energy generation and user demand response often leads to a mismatch between the purchased electricity and the market bid volume, resulting in punitive costs for companies. To address this issue, this study treats demand-side controllable loads as dispatchable resources and proposes a tiered pricing strategy to adjust power distribution. By establishing a Stackelberg leader-follower game model, the study promotes a mutually beneficial relationship between load aggregators and controllable load users. Through case studies, this paper examines the operational profits of load aggregators and the power adjustment behaviors of controllable load users under tiered and fixed compensation pricing schemes. The results indicate that tiered compensation pricing significantly reduces punitive costs and enhances user participation in demand response.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the current situation of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells as an alternative power generation and wastewater treatment in developing countries","authors":"Damien Georges Jacobs, Leonard Owino Kachienga, Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso, Akebe Luther King Abia, Afsatou Ndama Traoré, Natasha Potgieter","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1448730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1448730","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries facing population growth and increased energy demand present simultaneous challenges regarding wastewater treatment and electricity supply. Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) offer a dual solution to the challenges of insufficient electricity and wastewater treatment by integrating indigenous plant species. CW-MFCs provide sustainable power generation and wastewater treatment. This approach can enhance sustainability and foster a circular economy by utilising plant-derived byproducts as an added product. Current research indicates various novel designs for effective wastewater treatment and potential power generation. Future studies focusing on rural settings and upscaling operations can apply advanced techniques like mass spectrophotometry and metagenomics to refine the technology for grid use. Developing CW-MFC technology will catapult the idea of developing a robust strategy for addressing power supply and sanitation issues in developing regions. This will also aid in continuous research into system optimisation and microbial communities, aiding long-term viability.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental verification system for electric vehicle and grid interactive charging safety","authors":"Jun Han, Anjie Fan, Chao Cai, Wenjie Pan, Haofei Chen","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1453052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1453052","url":null,"abstract":"The development of electric vehicles (EVs) reduces dependence on fossil fuels, promotes energy conservation and emissions reduction, and facilitates the transition to clean energy sources in the power grid. However, subjective charging behavior among EV owners can lead to blind charging practices, compromising the reliability of the distribution network by widening the peak-to-valley difference. To address safety concerns during the charging process, this paper proposes hardware and software systems for an experimental verification system. The network architecture, focused on charging safety, is examined. Analysis of the system’s operation data reveals that it enables bidirectional interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid. This solution proves ef-fective for integrating a large number of EVs in peak-shaving and valley-filling efforts, laying a technical foundation for their inclusion in the power grid for peak shaving, valley filling, as well as providing standby and frequency regulation services.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}