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Adam Smith on Balanced Budget Government Spending 亚当·斯密论平衡预算政府开支
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600001277
Michael J. Gootzeit
{"title":"Adam Smith on Balanced Budget Government Spending","authors":"Michael J. Gootzeit","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600001277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600001277","url":null,"abstract":"One of the biggest problems the Reagan administration faces is to balance the federal budget. This problem of government over-spending has been around for a long time. One might therefore not be surprised to find that Adam Smith in his Wealth of Nations, discussed reasons why it was to the advantage of a nation to return to overall balance of its budget. The reasons Smith advanced have surprisingly modern applications and it might be worthwhile for some current politicians and economists to pay closer attention to them. The main portion of the argument is that each time a deficit occurs, it leads io future deficits which become progressively larger in size: it also leads to larger future tax increases than would have been necessry to initially balance the budget. This is a long run argument whose full force has been neglected by modern politicians who are preoccupied with the short-run goal of financing deficits one year at a time. Yet, it is an argument which shows how modern were Smith's ideas stated more than 200 years ago. An examination of his arguments will indicate some factors which should be considered every time the budget is left in deficit.","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128387116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘A Great National Calamity’: Ricardo's Obituary in the Morning Chronicle “一场巨大的国家灾难”:李嘉图在《晨报》上的讣告
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600001265
G. Gilbert
{"title":"‘A Great National Calamity’: Ricardo's Obituary in the Morning Chronicle","authors":"G. Gilbert","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600001265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600001265","url":null,"abstract":"David Rieardo's untimely death on 11 September 1823 at the age of fifty-one cut short a career as a publishing economist that had lasted barely fourteen years. Rieardo's first printed work, an unsigned article on the state of the currency, had appeared in the Morning Chronicle of 29 August 1809. It had stimulated a double exchange of letters in the same newspaper between Hutches Trower (who signed as \"A Friend to Bank Notes\") and Ricardo (who signed \"R\") , the last of which appeared on 23 November 1809. The following year Ricardo had three more letters published in the Morning Chronicle — on 6, 18, and 24 September dealing with the recently issued Bullion Report. They were to be his last letters written to, and printed in, that or any other newspaper, as far as we know.","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122257458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Klaus Hinrich Hennings, 1937–1986
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600001344
J. Whitaker
{"title":"Klaus Hinrich Hennings, 1937–1986","authors":"J. Whitaker","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600001344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600001344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117004526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Origin of “Diseconomies” 论“不经济”的根源
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600001307
K. Wilson
{"title":"On the Origin of “Diseconomies”","authors":"K. Wilson","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600001307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600001307","url":null,"abstract":"According to Tlie Oxford English Dictionary (OED) the original antonym for economy is ineconomy and not the popular term diseconomy. Ineconomy, it seems was used at least as early as 1897 (see the entry under ineconomy in OED). Although it is equally acceptable for the prefix dis to be used in front of almost any word (according to OED), some curious questions arise. How did diseconomy become so popular to the extent that •\"diseconomies of scale\" rather than \"ineconomies of scale\" is enshrined in the tomes of economics, and who can claim credit for such an addition to the English Language? Let us concentrate on the origin of \"diseconomies of scale.\"","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127660798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Veblen, Leibenstein and McCormick 凡勃伦，莱本斯坦和麦考密克
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600001332
M. Rutherford
{"title":"Veblen, Leibenstein and McCormick","authors":"M. Rutherford","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600001332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600001332","url":null,"abstract":"Ken McCormick's note on Leibenstein's 'Veblen effect' correctly points out some of the weaknesses of Leibenstein's analysis. It is quite true that a good part of Veblen's discussion of conspicuous consumption involves the bandwagon effect, rather than the 'Veblen effect' of goods being demanded because they are expensive. On the other hand, the Veblen effect, as Leibenstein describes it can easily be found in Veblen's writings (Veblen, pp. 154-158), and it can hardly be maintained that it does not form at least a part of Veblen's argument. The point that both Leibenstein and McCormick miss is that Veblen's discussion of conspicuous consumption is a treatment of the formation and change of preferences based on the dynamic interplay of a bandwagon and a snob effect. Leibenstein's Veblen effect is one aspect of Veblen's argument concerning the operation of the snob effect in a social system in which the criterion of social worth is demonstrable pecuniary success.","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127113762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Out of the Closet: A Program For the Whig History of Economic Science: Keynote Address at History of Economics Society Boston Meeting, June 20, 1987 出柜:辉格党经济科学史计划:1987年6月20日在波士顿经济学会历史会议上的主题演讲
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600004002
P. Samuelson
{"title":"Out of the Closet: A Program For the Whig History of Economic Science: Keynote Address at History of Economics Society Boston Meeting, June 20, 1987","authors":"P. Samuelson","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600004002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600004002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130227846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
The Surprising History of the Melanges D'Economie Politique Et Sociale, A Previously Unpublished Work by Leon Walras 《经济、政治和社会混乱的惊人历史》，莱昂·瓦尔拉斯先前未出版的作品
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600004026
Claude Hébert, J. Potier
{"title":"The Surprising History of the Melanges D'Economie Politique Et Sociale, A Previously Unpublished Work by Leon Walras","authors":"Claude Hébert, J. Potier","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600004026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600004026","url":null,"abstract":"Three quarters of a century after the death of Léon Walras, the founder of the Lausanne School, the Auguste and Léon Walras Center in Lyons has published for the first time his Mélanges d'économie politique et sociale. This volume includes twenty-nine papers, all prepared by Léon Walras, and maps out his theoretical itinerary. It spans works that he wrote in his youth, which were strongly influenced by his father's ideas, and mature works that he devoted to the three fields of pure economics, applied economics, and normative economics. His efforts were part of a lifelong project: the creation of a “scientific, liberal and humanitarian socialism.” The Mélanges reasserts Walras's desire to achieve a synthesis of these three fields that have been separated by too many of his disciples, who have retained only the one devoted to economic theory. The Mélanges plays an important part in the writings of Léon Walras. Initially conceived as containing remnants that had not appeared in the volumes published during Walras's life, it underwent a progressive development due to the succession of papers that he kept adding to it right up until the time of his death. Walras's revisions of the papers; his directions for the publication of the essays; his incorporation of unpublished papers on the teaching of political economy at the end of the nineteenth century; the character of the Mélanges as being a synthesis of the Elements d'économie politique pure, the Etudes d'économie sociale and the Etudes d'économie politique appliquée; and the insertion into the Mélanges of Léon Walras's last articles all make this work a genuine and important scientific testament.","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133676440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Stigler on Malthus: A Note 施蒂格勒论马尔萨斯:笔记
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600004063
B. Boulier, John W. Wilson
{"title":"Stigler on Malthus: A Note","authors":"B. Boulier, John W. Wilson","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600004063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600004063","url":null,"abstract":"In an essay on “The Ricardian Theory of Value and Distribution,” Stigler, commenting on Malthus' example of a geometrically increasing population and arithmetically increasing output, states the following: “… Malthus' ratios implicitly assumed sharply diminishing returns, for his numbers define the production function, L = 2p-1 where L is labor (proportional to population) and P is produce. With this production function, indeed, if workers received a wage equal to their marginal product, the aggregate wage bill would be independent of the size of the labor force, and population simply could not grow!”","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"28 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120837752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Myth of A. S.: A Conjectural History or Fable 阿斯的神话:一个推测的历史或寓言
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S104277160000404X
A. Farmer
{"title":"The Myth of A. S.: A Conjectural History or Fable","authors":"A. Farmer","doi":"10.1017/S104277160000404X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S104277160000404X","url":null,"abstract":"Once upon a time, economists possessed an Anonyomous Saint, who will be called “A. S.” for short. Like most patron saints, A. S. provided economists with the theme that guides their lives–the idea that the desire for advancement comes to us in the womb and drives us until we are in the tomb. This fundamental conception was elaborated upon in a book entitled, with prophetic anticipation, WoN. That economists have failed to apply the self-interest thesis to the saint himself only serves to illustrate the adage about prophets being without honor in their own country. As a capable administrator, a sound committee man, an astute seeker of patronage and a professor of rhetoric to boot, A.S. was surely aware of all the worldly and literary ways of establishing a reputation. I will try to examine A.S.'s life by using the much neglected method of conjectural history–a form of writing that believes it justifiable to reconstruct history from rational conjectures, in this case the motives of men, when facts are not to be found. A set of mythical footnotes for this fable of mine is available; to obtain these, readers have merely to prove that they are about to sue for libel.","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129389567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review Essay: History of Political Economy: The AEA and the History of Economics 回顾论文:政治经济学的历史:AEA和经济学的历史
History of Economics Society Bulletin Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1042771600004014
A. Coats
{"title":"Review Essay: History of Political Economy: The AEA and the History of Economics","authors":"A. Coats","doi":"10.1017/S1042771600004014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1042771600004014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":123974,"journal":{"name":"History of Economics Society Bulletin","volume":"565 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121979048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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