Annals of African Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Perception of medical students to learning methods in internal medicine: A pilot survey from Northern Nigerian University","authors":"A. Ibrahim, Musa Bello Kofar-Naisa","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.21","url":null,"abstract":"Medical education aims to produce graduates who have knowledge and problem-solving skills with the professional attitude necessary to function as a doctor. We evaluated the perception of clinical medical students to their learning environment in internal medicine. A cross sectional study conducted during the intermediate clerkship posting on Medical students of Bayero University, Kano using a 20-item self-administered questionnaire adopted from the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). The internal consistency of the questionnaire was calculated using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Principal components analysis was used for data reduction and grouping using the varimax rotation method. One hundred and twenty clinical medical students of Bayero University, Kano participated in the study with a mean age ± SD of the respondents was 23.6±2.3 years. A higher proportion of the students (60.8%) were males. The internal consis tency of the 20-items questionnaire was 0.82 measured using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The mean perception score of the respondents to undergraduate learning environment in internal medicine was 42.3 (out of maximum of 60) which showed satisfaction with their learning environment. Perception of Male students was more positive compared to their female colleagues (43 vs. 41, P=0.836). Medical students perceived their learning environment in internal medicine as satisfactory, which buttress the need to further strengthen the curriculum, in order to prepare them for the enormous challenges of clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123020915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from experience: whys and wherefores of the polio non-compliance during immunization-plus-days in some high-risk wards in Bauchi Local Government Area, Nigeria","authors":"Saba’atu Elizabeth Danladi Nahuta, A. Yakubu, S. Bawa, H. Dahiru, H. Gunda, Bako Garba Gamawa","doi":"10.4081/aamr.2018.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aamr.2018.6","url":null,"abstract":"Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease that causes lower limb paralysis in young children. The incidence rate of the diseases has persisted in some part of northern Nigeria despite the national and global effort to eradicate it. The study aims to describe the factors associated with polio vaccination non-compliance by some parents/guardians of targeted children in five high-risk wards of the study area. The study adopts a cross sectional qualitative study, conducted from 2014-2015, to gain insights into the factors associated with non-compliance to polio vaccination in high-risk wards in Bauchi LGA, Nigeria. 450 non-compliant houses were randomly selected for the study. The in-depth interviews consisted of 36 fathers and 18 mothers, while the key note interviews involved 18 Muslim clerics and 18 prominent traditional rulers, using semi-structured questionnaire. The results of the study revealed frequency or too many rounds of vaccine administrations; misconception/myth about the vaccine, migration, and child absence during immunization as reasons for non-compliance. Other factors include negative perception regarding the health and immunity status of the children, religious beliefs, while some of the respondent refused for no clear reason. It is therefore, essential to adopt programs that would enhance vaccine compliance; by for example, developing effective polio vaccines that can be administered at fewer visits to communities. Also, efficient health education needs to be conducted to enlighten the at-risk population, including special strategies targeting internally displaced and migrant populations.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125823738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric disorders in diabetes mellitus patients attending a tertiary health institution in north-eastern Nigeria","authors":"K. Ayanda, D. Sulyman, Mahmud Mahmud, Joy Pius, Simeon Yinka Ategbese","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.41","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric disorders are common sequelae of diabetes mellitus and can further worsen the clinical state and quality of life of patients. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and pattern of psychological illnesses in patients with diabetes mellitus and to assess factors that predict these psychiatric disorders. The mental health of 114 eligible consenting adult patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetic clinic of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the study respondents was 39.5% and the pattern of diagnoses found were Major Depressive Disorder (31.6%), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (6.1%) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (1.8%). None of the sociodemographic variables was significantly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders. The presence of diabetic complications (OR=2.519; 95% CI=1.056-6.001; P-value=0.037) was predictive of psychiatric disorders while good sugar control (OR=0.372; 95% CI=0.162-0.854; P-value=0.020) was a significant protective factor. A notable proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus develop mental health problems which can worsen the clinical outcome and further increase the burden of this illness. Efforts to promptly identify and manage these comorbid psychological problems can improve the prognosis of these patients.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"510 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127036970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on selected iron status assessment assays among secondary school students in Bauchi State, Nigeria","authors":"R. Dachi, S. Awwalu, A. Waziri, K. Pindiga, Usman A. Abjah, A. Hassan","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.20","url":null,"abstract":"Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia worldwide, with highest burden in developing countries. The assays used in detecting iron deficiency comprise of red blood cell indices such as Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Volume, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (STfR) and STfRL-index. Each of these assessment tools has its drawback(s). This study was conducted to assess IDA diagnostic inter-rater agreements between red cell indices, serum ferritin, STfR and STfLF-Index. A cross sectional descriptive study using systematic random sampling of eligible secondary school students in Misau LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Complete Blood Count with cellular indices, serum ferritin and STfR assays were conducted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Proportions were compared using Z-tests of proportions. Cohen’s Un-weighted kappa analyses were used to assess pairwise agreements in the ability of STfLF-Index, serum ferritin, STfR and red cell indices to classify participants into IDA and non-IDA. Level of significance was set at P≤0.05. A total of 210 participants were enrolled in the study with females constituting 153 (72.9%). STfLF-Index, STfR, serum ferritin levels and red cell indices revealed that 130/210 (61.9%), 160/210(76.2%), 7/210 (3.3%) and 112/210 (53.3%) respectively had iron deficiency. STfR revealed a significantly higher percentage of students with iron deficiency compared to serum ferritin, STfLF-Index and red cell indices. Assessment of iron deficiency showed concurrence between STfR and STfLF-Index. STfR and STfLF-Index have similar ability in classifying iron status.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130830018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low grade transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra successfully treated with only intraurethral instillation of Mitomycin-C","authors":"S. Mashi, S. Aji, M. Abdullahi, B. Yunusa, S. Alhassan","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.2","url":null,"abstract":"Urethral cancer is very rare disease, accounting for less than 0.5% of incidences of malignancies. Data on its management are scarce due to the rare nature of the cases. We present a 34-year-old man, who presented to our hospital with a month history of hematuria. He had no lower urinary tract symptoms and no significant risk factors for urothelial cancer. He was evaluated and found to have lesions in the posterior urethra on urethrocytoscopy, biopsy of which revealed a low-grade urothelial cancer. He was counselled and had 6 courses of intraurethral instillation of 40mg of Mitomycin-C diluited in 50mL of saline held in the urethra with penile clamp for 30 minutes. The hematuria stopped after the second course, a repeat urethrocystoscopy 6 months after the completion of the chemotherapy, showed resolution of the lesion and repeat biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. However, the patient developed short segment partial penile urethral stricture that was treated with dilatation. In conclusion, low-grade urothelial cancer of the urethra can be successfully cured with Intraurethral instillation of Mitomycin-C, without prior transurethral resection.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130512922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of training and supportive supervision on knowledge and practice of integrated diseases surveillance and response among primary health care workers in Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Usman, Abubakar Muhammad Kurfi, Y. A. Misau, U. Bello, A. Maigoro, A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.30","url":null,"abstract":"Communicable diseases continue to be major causes of, morbidity, mortality and rising health-care costs especially in developing countries. Integrated Diseases Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy was endorsed by Nigeria in 1998, as a means of strengthening communicable disease surveillance and response in order to make it more sensitive at all levels of government. A quasi-experimental study design was used to assess the effect of training and supportive supervision on knowledge and practice of IDSR among Primary Health Care (PHC) workers. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analyzed with the aid of Epi info version 3.5.3. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. The mean knowledge score of IDSR at baseline was 28.9±9.7 in the study and 27.4±10.5 in the control group. However, after the intervention, it improved to 51.3±11.8 in the study and slightly changed to 27.1±10.6 in the control group (P<0.05). While, with regards to practice of IDSR, the mean practice scores improved in the study group from 6.43±1.25 to 16.37±3.86 after intervention (P<0.05). In the control group, however, the mean practice score changed from 6.89±1.36 to 8.45±2.75 (P<0.05) at the end of the study. The proportion of some IDSR core activity and supportive function changed from 0% and 16.6% to the standard benchmark of 80%. Training and retraining of health workers on IDSR were recommended as well as periodic supportive supervisory approach in order to enhance health workers capacity.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132664563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing physicians’ intention to prescribe antimicrobials for chronic HIV/AIDS associated diarrhea among adults in Nigeria, using the theory of planned behavior","authors":"Y. A. Misau, Muhammad Bashir Faruk, S. Gwalabe, U. Sunusi, D. Mogere, S. Mbaruk","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.5","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic diarrhea remains one of the commonest manifestation of HIV and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality despites gains in greater access to antiretroviral drugs and treatments of opportunistic infections globally. Yet, there is lack of precise evidence about the place of antimicrobials in chronic HIV associated diarrhea among adults. Physicians have continued to prescribe antimicrobials empirically or otherwise for chronic HIV associated diarrhea among adults. The aim of this study is to assess Physicians’ intension to prescribe antimicrobials in chronic HIV associated diarrhea among adults in Nigeria using the constructs of theory of planned behavior: Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived behavioral control. An exploratory cross sectional survey was carried out. A structured questionnaire was developed following a pilot study to elicit salient beliefs among Physicians and a review of the literature. The study was carried out in 3 Northern Nigerian states among Physicians in Primary/Secondary and Tertiary hospitals in 2014. Data was analyzed using SPSS and STATA. After descriptive statistics, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the key constructs of TPB and Physician’s intension to prescribe antimicrobials in chronic HIV associated diarrhea among adults. We found strong intention to prescribe antimicrobials among Physicians respondents. The constructs of the theory of planned behavior explained 40% of variance of the Physicians’ intention to prescribe antimicrobials for chronic AIDS associated diarrhea in adults. Perceived control behavior and knowledge were the most important components of the model associated with intention. This study has further added new knowledge to the pool of evidence that Perceived Control Beliefs and Knowledge significantly influence Physicians’ intention to prescribe antimicrobials in chronic AIDS associated diarrhea. This finding reinforces the utility of theory of planned behavior as a tool to study health care service provision and utilization. There is need for future studies to test if changes in perceived control behavior and knowledge will leads to changes in intention to prescribe antimicrobials for chronic AIDS associated diarrhea and ultimately leading to a change in the clinical practice of managing chronic AIDS associated diarrhea in adults.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123805687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydatidiform mole coexisting with normal foetus: A rare presentation of a case report from University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital","authors":"Abbas S. Kabir, A. Kullima, A. Adamu, A. Péter, A. Bukar, H. Nggada","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.16","url":null,"abstract":"A twin pregnancy comprising a complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a foetus is a rare obstetric condition with an incidence of 1 in 22,000 to 1 in 100,000 pregnancies. The management of such case is challenging due to the associated risk of maternal and foetal complications. We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1 with a normal intrauterine pregnancy coexisting with complete hydatidiform mole. An ultrasound scan demonstrated normal foetus and placenta along with coexistent intrauterine echogenic mass with features of hydatidiform mole. The microscopic examination of the abnormal placenta confirmed complete hydatidiform mole. Although twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexistent foetus is associated with increased risk of developing maternal and foetal complications, continuation of pregnancy may be an acceptable option under close monitoring to detect early signs of complications.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127223180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid peroxidase antibody levels among human immunodeficiency virus infected patients in Kano, North-Western Nigeria","authors":"I. Yahaya, S. Sherif, K. Abdulsalam","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmunity plays a role in the development of thyroid dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. This study assessed the serum levels of thyroid peroxidise antibody (TPO-Ab) in relation to the various forms of thyroid dysfunction in HIV patients in Kano. Free tri-iodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and TPO-Ab were measured using Chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA) on the serum of 70 HIV sero-positive patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART, as Group I), 70 HAART naïve HIV sero-positive patients (Group II) and 70 apparently healthy HIV negative controls (Group III). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions were 55.7%, 42.9% and 2.8% among groups I, II and III respectively. TPO-Ab was elevated in 1 (1.43%) HIV positive patient on HAART, Group I, that also had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Four participants (5.7%) among group III were found to have elevated anti-TPO levels. Thyroid dysfunction was more common among HIV-positive than HIV-negative participants. Thyroid dysfunction among HIV patients was mainly non-autoimmune in origin. However, thyroid autoimmunity appears to play a little role in the development of hyperthyroidism in HIV patients.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117098359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and depression in pregnancy: prevalence and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria","authors":"M. Gadanya, A. Abulfathi, Fatima Ahmad","doi":"10.4081/AAMR.2018.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AAMR.2018.13","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is not considered as a pathological state, however pregnancy heightens the vulnerability to emotional and psychological condition such as anxiety and depression. Untreated depression and anxiety during pregnancy may have negative effects on both the mother and the fetus. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Cross sectional descriptive study using systematic sampling technique was used to collect data among 297 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 6.0). About one-third of the respondents were in the age group 20- 25 years. The prevalence of anxiety and depression during pregnancy were found to be 23.2% and 26.6% respectively. Risk factors that were significantly associated with anxiety during pregnancy were co-morbid depression during pregnancy (P=0.01), and partner abuse (P=0.04), with 37.5% anxious among those abused compared to 21.5% among those not abused. Risk factors associated with depression during pregnancy were co-existing medical condition (P=0.04) with 45.7% of respondents with coexisting medical condition found to be depressed compared to 24.0% without co-existing medical condition. Anxiety and depression in pregnancy were found to be prevalent among the study subjects. Measures to detect anxiety and depression during pregnancy especially in those with risk factors should be introduced during routine antenatal care.","PeriodicalId":123248,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medical Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116354031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}