{"title":"Model predictive control of grid connected inverters using different discretization strategies","authors":"M. Al-Ali, F. Mancilla–David","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654457","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming and its implications like rising sea levels and higher temperatures have lit a fire underneath the world's sense of urgency towards a seemingly inevitable disaster. Thanks to social media, people are now aware of the issue and are pressuring lawmakers to legislate laws that dampen the growth rate of the pollution we are generating. As a result, we are slowly shifting our reliance on environmentally unfriendly to sustainable energy. Power electronics is a key enabling technology for the development of sustainable energy, as it allows to convert power coming from a variety of sources into utility grade power. In particular, voltage sourced inverters (VSIs) are used to convert dc power, e.g., power generated by photovoltaic arrays, into ac power, allowing the power source to be connected to the ac grid. The control of a grid-connected two-level VSI using model predictive control (MPC) is the main subject of this paper. The MPC implementation will be approached with three different discretization methods for the plant: first-order forward Euler's method, Modified Euler's method and third-order Runge Kutta method. MPC performance is tested under all stated discretization methods, comparing dynamic response and computational burden.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125287493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanda Jiang, Anam Kalair, J. McCalley, Parag Mitra, A. Gaikwad, D. Pratt, Jack Norris
{"title":"Contingency Probability Estimation for Risk-Based Planning Studies Using NERC's Outage Data and Standard TPL-001-4","authors":"Yanda Jiang, Anam Kalair, J. McCalley, Parag Mitra, A. Gaikwad, D. Pratt, Jack Norris","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654572","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a method for computing probabilities of contingencies P1-P7 specified by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Standard TPL-001-4. These probabilities are useful for performing industry-based probabilistic planning power flow studies. Markov models are provided that characterize TPL contingency types P1-P7, and data processing necessary to estimate model parameters is described based on NERC data collection systems GADS, GADS-Wind, TADS, and MIDAS. A software system called Contingency Probability Estimation Tool (CPET) is described that encapsulates these models, processes, and data.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130460389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Volt/Var Control of Solar Photovoltaic System","authors":"Mahmoud M. Badreldien, B. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654538","url":null,"abstract":"The current changes in distribution network topologies due to increasing loads and distributed energy resources cause voltage-increased possibilities for variations. Furthermore, power variation and reverse power flow phenomena may increase terminal voltage variations at the distributing energy resources. As the performance of the distribution power network depends on the voltage profile, controlling the terminal voltage of the resources in the distribution networks has great importance. This paper describes a voltage control within the inverter of a photovoltaic system to keep the terminal voltage magnitude within acceptable ranges through injecting or absorbing reactive power. Also, the inverter prioritizes the active and reactive power based on the terminal voltage level and its power output and controls both active and reactive power independently. This scheme is regarded as volt/var control. The synchronous rotating dq reference frame has been used for controller modeling and design and electromagnetic transient simulation has been exploited to simulate the proposed control system to verify its ability to eliminate the voltage variation.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124690317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transformer Loss of Life Mitigation by Coordinating Energy Storage, EV charging, and PV Generation at Consumer Sites","authors":"Milad Soleimani, M. Kezunovic","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654445","url":null,"abstract":"Although the penetration of electric vehicles is relatively low today, it is expected to grow in the future, particularly in urban areas exposed to excessive tail-pipe pollution. In some urban areas, this growth may be faster due to a concentrated EV adoption in affluent neighborhoods; hence, the grid power transformers in such areas may be at risk of accelerated ageing. This impact can be mitigated by using consumer-owned battery energy storage and photovoltaic generation. We propose a coordination approach of utilizing such assets not only to support the distribution grid and maximize consumer profit, but also to mitigate the ageing of the distribution transformers. A case study of electric vehicle high penetration consequences is illustrated using data for an urban area of the city of Bryan/College Station in Texas. EV charging data in a residential area were synthesized using a Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the economic impact of optimal EV charging is studied.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114963401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Power Flow Estimation Using One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Kun Yang, Wei Gao, R. Fan","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654438","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important research topic in power system operation and control decision. Traditional OPF problems are solved through dynamic optimization with nonlinear programming techniques. For a large power system with large amounts of variables and constraints, the solving process would take a long time. This paper presents a new method to quickly estimate the OPF results using one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). The OPF problem is treated as a high-dimensional mapping between the load inputs and the generator dispatch decisions. Therefore, through training the neural network to learn the mapping between loads and generator outputs, we can directly predict the OPF results with the load information of a system. In this paper, we built and trained a 1D-CNN to learn the mappings between system loads and generator outputs, and the 1D-CNN model was tested using IEEE 30, 57, 118, and 300 Bus system. Extensive test and sensitivity study results have validated the effectiveness of using the 1D-CNN to estimate the OPF results.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129697796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Sharif, Mosfequr Rahman, V. Soloiu, M. Kiernan, D. Grall, Md Shahjahan Hossain
{"title":"Wind Power Generation from Multiple Array Configuration and Efficient Power Integration to Grid","authors":"Y. Sharif, Mosfequr Rahman, V. Soloiu, M. Kiernan, D. Grall, Md Shahjahan Hossain","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654661","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike dispatchable central power stations, wind power sources produce reliable power from external intermittent sources, and this is the wind speed incident that does not always flow when electricity is required. This results in wind resource variation, randomness, and volatility. There is, therefore, a major challenge for the operator's power system to connect wind turbines to the electricity grid. This integration has important implications for optimum power flow, issues with energy efficiency, network stability, load management, and economic evaluation. This paper addresses the relation to the distribution system with a low voltage of small wind turbines with multiple array configuration and improved control system integration. A C grids having a low short-circuit ratio (SCR) influence the performance stability of wind turbines which have been used taking the power from the wind turbine arrays for getting the maximum output and efficiency. The active and reactive power supplied to the grid by the inverter and its control system is evaluated. This is done by means of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers generating the required reference signals.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129830830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hardware Demonstration of Weak Grid Oscillations in Grid-Following Converters","authors":"L. Bao, Lingling Fan, Zhixin Miao, Zhengyu Wang","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654557","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) introduces some unexpected dynamic issues, including low-frequency oscillations. In this paper, a laboratory-scale grid-following voltage-source converter (VSC) system is implemented to demonstrate weak grid oscillations. Grid-following control is applied in VSC to provide active power, reactive power or ac voltage control. The test bed is also replicated in electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation environment (MAT-LAB/SimPowerSystems) for benchmark purpose. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate low-frequency oscillations under real power/ac voltage or real power/reactive power control. The excellent agreement between the simulation and experimental results ensures that the two test beds are exchangeable and can be used for testing oscillation mitigation strategies in future research.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114556513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cooperative Game Theory-based Secondary Frequency Regulation in Distribution Systems","authors":"Mukesh Gautam, N. Bhusal, M. Benidris, H. Livani","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654778","url":null,"abstract":"Participation of distribution systems in frequency regulation has become an important factor for grid operation after the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). While available reserves from a single distribution system may not be sufficient for frequency regulation, aggregated reserves from several distribution systems can provide frequency regulation at grid-scale. This paper proposes a cooperative game theory-based approach for secondary frequency regulation in distribution systems consisting of distributed energy resources (DERs). A two-stage strategy is proposed to effectively and precisely determine a change in active power set points of DERs following a command from system operators. In the first stage, the value or worth of each DER and their coalitions are determined using initial rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) for each DER/coalition. In the second stage, the Shapley value, one of the solution concepts of cooperative game theory, is used to determine changes in active power set points of DERs. The proposed method is implemented on several distribution systems including a modified IEEE 13-node system and modified 33-node distribution system.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114939325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alam, F. Al-Ismail, Abdullah A. Almehizia, M. A. Abido
{"title":"A Fully Decentralized Control Approach for Hybrid Energy Storage System in DC Microgrids Based on Fractional Order Voltage Compensation","authors":"M. Alam, F. Al-Ismail, Abdullah A. Almehizia, M. A. Abido","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654758","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, power networks are observing high-level integration of renewable energy, direct current (DC) loads, and energy storage devices. As a result of more power electronic-based components integration, the conventional alternating current (AC) microgrid is gradually transforming to DC microgrid. However, DC bus voltage control and power-sharing among energy storage devices are challenging tasks. This study proposes a new voltage compensation control strategy for DC microgrids based on fractional-order differential-integral (FODI) controller. In the proposed approach, a voltage compensation term which is processed by the FODI controller is added to the droop control loop. The advantages of the proposed controller are manyfold such as autonomous bus voltage restoration, power split between battery and supercapacitor, and autonomous state of charge (SOC) control. The DC microgrid consisting of battery, supercapacitor, and DC loads is simulated in MATLAB Simulink. The results show that the proposed controller is superior to the conventional controller in controlling DC bus voltage, active power, and SOC.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116752260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of CVR in Distribution Networks by Optimal Coordination of BESS and PV Inverters Using Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm","authors":"Mojtaba Ahanch, R. McCann","doi":"10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS52732.2021.9654489","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new framework for the substation demand reduction and power loss minimization in distribution networks by implementing conservation voltage reduction (CVR) strategy. The proposed framework coordinates Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Smart PV inverters and voltage control devices-including OLTC and voltage regulators- so that the substation demand and network power loss are reduced while the service voltage range meets the IEEE 1547 standard (120-114 V). The suggested CVR strategy is applied to the IEEE 34-bus case study system consisting of two PV generations and BESS. The smart PV inverters are controlled based on the combined Volt/VAr-Volt/Watt (VVW) characteristics scheme. Also, BESS is charged and discharged with regard to the time and peakshave control modes, respectively. The Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) is implemented in MATLAB scripts for solving the optimization problem. Power flow studies are carried out using OpenDSS software. Results reveal that the new framework can achieve higher substation demand reduction considering the concurrent control of PVs and BESS.","PeriodicalId":123077,"journal":{"name":"2021 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130566958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}