A. G. Davies, D. Bedwell, M. Dunleavy, N. Brownjohn
{"title":"Pressure sensitive paint limitations and solutions","authors":"A. G. Davies, D. Bedwell, M. Dunleavy, N. Brownjohn","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644645","url":null,"abstract":"The development of optical pressure measurement systems hold great promise for the aerodynamic development/diagnostics field. Many of the current systems are based on measurement of absolute intensity of paint phosphorescence. There are however many drawbacks to using such an approach. BAe have developed an alternative method based on the measurement of rate of decay of phosphorescence due to a pulsed laser. However, even this approach has limitations. This paper describes the BAe system and details some of the advantages of decay rate and, by reference to experimental data, discusses these limitations and suggests solutions.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129237622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Paris, J. Charbonnier, V. Storkmann, A. Masson, A. Bugeau
{"title":"Measurement of the aerodynamic coefficients of re-entry vehicles in short duration hypersonic facilities","authors":"S. Paris, J. Charbonnier, V. Storkmann, A. Masson, A. Bugeau","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644752","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of aerodynamic forces and moments in short duration hypersonic facilities require the application of compensation techniques to remove the inertial forces from the strain gauge balance data. Three compensation techniques are described and applied on re-entry vehicle testing using sting-mounted strain gauge balances. Experiments are carried out in three European hypersonic wind tunnels with running times varying from 200 ms to 2 ms. Advantages, drawbacks and limitations of each compensation method are illustrated and discussed. The critical analysis of the compensated results obtained allows one to establish guidelines to ensure satisfactory accuracy levels in the measurement of aerodynamic coefficients in this particular type of facility.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"28 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114031329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal deformation and strength of heat-protective coatings under operating conditions simulating the real ones","authors":"L. Gracheva, V. Borisenko","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644761","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal deformation of a heat-protective coating of polymer composite material with a phenol-formaldehyde matrix under conditions simulating the temperature-time interval of a spacecraft deorbiting is considered. It is shown that in the plane of reinforcing of the composite the maximum thermal deformations occur in a direction at 45/spl deg/ to the base of the fabric of the filler and with an increase in heating rate is a significant reduction in its amplitude. The residual relative thermal deformation of the heat-protective material tested according to the program of descent from a trajectory may reach 2% and more. The calculation of thermal stresses occurring in a layer of thermal protection during a spacecraft reentry in dense atmosphere is done using a method of the theory of elasticity with allowance made for physico-mechanical characteristics obtained for conditions simulating the actual ones. The tangential stresses, /spl tau//sub z/spl theta// and /spl tau//sub rz/, at the juncture of the frontal shield with the side surface and also at 1/5th of the length of the reentry vehicle at its both ends, at a depth of 3-3, 5 mm from the outer surface are shown to be the most dangerous for the strength of the heat-protective coating.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114358859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Chandrasekhara, L. Carr, M. C. Wilder, G. N. Paulson, C. D. Sticht
{"title":"Design and development of a dynamically deforming leading edge airfoil for unsteady flow control","authors":"M. Chandrasekhara, L. Carr, M. C. Wilder, G. N. Paulson, C. D. Sticht","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644673","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach to unsteady flow separation and dynamic stall control using a dynamically deforming leading edge airfoil is described. The design details of a carbon-fiber composite skin airfoil having a thickness of 0.002 in at the leading edge and capable of deforming at 20 Hz in unsteady flow at freestream Mach numbers of up to 0.45, are discussed. Implementation of the scheme at model scales places extraordinary demands on the design, material and fabrication of such an airfoil. Rate scaling further requires very-rapid-response instrumentation, measurement techniques and data acquisition schemes. The special instrumentation control system developed for these experiments as well as the fluid dynamic results of successful flow control that was achieved using this method, are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124349248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An orbital platform rotary balance system for the IAR water tunnel","authors":"H. Cai, M. Beyers, S. O'Hagan","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644686","url":null,"abstract":"A rotary balance apparatus based on the orbital platform concept has been developed for use in the IAR Water Tunnel. The new testing capability was introduced to generate a supplementary rotary data base for the F/A-18 aircraft required in a simulator fidelity enhancement study. The F/A-18 model was tested in steady coning motion at angles of attack from 0 deg to 90 deg and non-dimensional rotation rates from 0 to /spl plusmn/0.3. The paper focuses on the new rotary balance testing methodology. Samples of the results are presented to illustrate the uniqueness of the new rotary data base. Agreement with existing wind tunnel data is generally good. Support interference effects in the conventional rotary apparatus were found to be small for this aircraft configuration.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121805989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shortcut-time spatial trajectories on-board optimization and their cognitive head-up display visualization for pilot's control actions during manoeuvring support","authors":"O. Yakimenko","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644687","url":null,"abstract":"Considers the general aspects of mathematical foundation of on-board universal pilot's support system subsystem, which provides pilot's control actions support during more or less long-term maneuvers, such as take-off and climbing, flight on a route, surface-based target attack (in case of military aircraft), descent and landing via shortcut-time spatial trajectories on-board optimization and their head-up display in the view of \"road-in-the-sky\" image visualization for its further tracking in direct with foresee regime or (semi) automatic mode. Two specially designed modifications of direct method of variational tasks solution are disclosed-one (for short-term trajectories with strong restrictions on control functions) based on 5th-7th power polynomials optimal trajectory approximation, the second (for long-term flight on a route trajectories) based on spline approximation. Both from a conditional arch argument, with obligatory satisfaction of phase coordinates and control boundary conditions (a priori) and all limitations (in the process of optimization). The paper includes examples of computer-based high maneuverable airplane tactical simulator with demonstrated prototype of considered subsystem.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132885969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Correia, A. Caldeira-Pires, P. Ferrão, M. Heitor
{"title":"A temperature tomographic sensor for combustion analysis","authors":"D. Correia, A. Caldeira-Pires, P. Ferrão, M. Heitor","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644759","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental regulations in industrialised countries are becoming more stringent and require the minimisation of pollutant emissions in combustion processes together with the reduction of energy consumption. This can only be achieved in full scale combustion chambers by adopting advanced monitoring and control techniques based on non-intrusive combustion diagnostics. This paper reports the development, implementation and test of a laboratory flame 3D temperature sensor which allows for the tomographic reconstruction of the temperature field, based on the flame radiation emitted at /spl lambda/=800 nm and /spl lambda/=900 nm. The current work aims to contribute to overcome the difficulties on the application of tomographic techniques to large scale combustion systems by adopting new strategies for flame data collection and processing. In this paper the various stages for the development of a flame tomographic sensor are presented, namely: a review of the physical concepts involved, together with the selection, development, optimisation and implementation of tomographic algorithms. The design and assembly of the laboratory rig, the experimental procedure, and the evaluation of the results obtained, are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133539502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An investigation of various unwrap/reduction methods to quantify phase-shifted holographic interferometry","authors":"P. Wade, C. Tyler","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644749","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement time is of the essence for most ground test facilities, so measurement techniques capable of measuring planes of data are much more attractive than those which measure only single points. Many techniques already exist which allow for nonintrusive measurements of pressure, temperature and density; several of which are two-dimensional by design. Holography and holographic interferometry are well established techniques; however, for the most part they provide qualitative data. A computer program for achieving quantitative two-dimensional or axis-symmetric density maps using a phase-shifted holographic interferometer is currently being developed. Several phase unwrapping and data reduction methods were investigated in an effort to produce a computer program capable of correctly analyzing a flow field. Several test holographic interferograms of a candle flame and a heat gun, made in a laboratory setting were used to validate various aspects of the software algorithms. A discussion of the algorithms investigated and the determination of which algorithm best analyzes the flowfield structures will be presented.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116409303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A system for analysis of transition characteristics on a high-lift configuration at high Reynolds numbers","authors":"A. Bertelrud, S. Johnson, C. Lytle, C. Mills","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644675","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristic features of a system developed for transition documentation in a high-lift flow-physics code validation experiment in the Low Turbulence Pressure Tunnel (LTPT) at NASA Langley Research Center are described. A three-element high-lift model of McDonnell-Douglas (MDA) design was used for the experiment, with Reynolds number ranging from 5 to 12 million based on the chord length. Roughly 100 different flow conditions were documented, through variation of rigging, angle of attack, Mach number and Reynolds number. More than 350 surface hot films were used to characterize transition regions.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126473014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of temperature sensitive paint for detection of boundary layer transition","authors":"T.G. Popernack, L. R. Owens, M. Hamner, M. Morris","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644666","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature sensitive paint systems exploit the variation in convective heat transfer associated with changes from laminar to turbulent flow for detection of boundary layer transition. For this detection technique, it is important for wind tunnel models to have slow thermal response relative to convection heat transfer. Wind tunnels that can produce rapid changes in freestream temperature can create a model thermal response allowing temperature sensitive paint to indicate transition. Numerical heat transfer simulations provide acceptable estimates to assess test techniques and model thermal characteristics. Data are presented to substantiate that the desired test condition could be achieved for a period of time sufficient to document the boundary layer state.","PeriodicalId":122871,"journal":{"name":"ICIASF'97 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126591785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}