Trudy NAMI最新文献

{"title":"Two-dimensional calculation model for hazardous substances formation in combustion products of a spark-ignition engine","authors":"S. Sergeev","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-31-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-31-41","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Improvement of environmental parameters of internal combustion engines is one of the most relevant tasks of the domestic transport engineering. Calculation support allows reducing the time and raising the efficiency of works for refining of the bench work process in order to meet the required parameters. The paper is devoted to development of a two-dimensional calculation model for hazardous substances formation in combustion products of spark-ignition engines based on the non-equilibrium kinetic models of formation of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.Methodology and research methods. Computational methods for differential equations (ordinary and partial ones) are applied. Non-equilibrium kinetics of hazardous substances formation in combustion products is considered. The work process is calculated based on a combination of the mesh control-volume method and determination of the observable flame rate based on the experimental data (taking into account the development stage of the flame source).Scientific novelty and results. The new calculation method for flame propagation in the spark-ignition engine is suggested. The developed model combines such advantages as good predictability and short time of calculation.Practical significance. The model can be applied, in particular, to preliminary planning of three-dimensional calculations of the work process or their check in the absence of experimental data (at the stage of preliminary/concept design). The calculation results can be used as initial data for modeling of the exhaust gas aftertreatment (additional purification) system.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130725867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of approaches aimed at extension of the electric vehicle cruising range on a single charge. Russian Federation experience","authors":"K. Karpukhin","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-73-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-73-83","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption related thereto (energy efficiency) for vehicles is a part of the global problem of reduction of human impact on climate change and saving natural resources. As a member of the global community, the Russian Federation takes part in relevant international agreements and treaties. This scientific paper offers a detailed analysis and expert opinion regarding the main existing approaches aimed at electric vehicle (EV) cruising range extension, also taking into account the experience accumulated in the Russian Federation.The purpose of the study is to analyze international and domestic experience in design and development of EVs having an extended range per charge.Methodology and research methods. The methods used are based on the fundamental principles of the theory of vehicles, vehicle automated systems, as well as fundamental principles of electronics and electrical engineering, research test methods.Scientific novelty and results. The analysis of electric vehicles (EVs) development through synthesis of approaches to extend the cruising range on a single charge was carried out. The analytical and expert assessment of the approaches to extend the EV cruising range on a single charge is proposed.The practical significance consists in the results of scientifically based synthesis of approaches to extend the EV cruising range on a single charge. The obtained results and recommendations are aimed at improving energy efficiency of vehicles as well as promoting EVs in the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129863369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing guiding device of suspension made of aluminum alloys for multi-purpose driverless vehicle using topological optimization method","authors":"Y. Levenkov, I. Chichekin, D. Vdovin, F. Nyrkov, M. A. Dushkin, K. V. Popova","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-42-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-42-59","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Currently, mobile driverless transport and technological means are widely used for automation of work processes and remote control over a vehicle, excluding immediate human attendance in dangerous areas. Generally, such vehicles feature an electric powerplant while using batteries as energy storage devices. In order to reduce the number of operations during such vehicle driving, it is convenient to use a running gear design that is symmetric relative to its longitudinal and transverse planes. Reducing energy consumption will allow increasing in energy efficiency when performing transport and other technological operations. One of the ways to improve energy efficiency is to reduce the weight of elements of such vehicles. This can be achieved by using materials with high specific strength, such as aluminum alloys, and by developing optimum loading patterns for such element structures. The object of the study is a driverless 4x4 vehicle with the fully loaded weight of 830 kg. The research subject is the methods of optimum designing of vehicle load-bearing structures and their use taking into account the operating conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop the methodology for designing suspension elements for a vehicle with a symmetric design of the running gear made of aluminum alloy taking into account the loading modes.Methodology and research methods. The paper presents a dynamic mathematical model of the wheeled vehicle for determination of loads created in a program for rigid bodies dynamics modeling, the methodology for bringing the loads to one suspension unit (front left wheel), loading patterns for suspension elements obtained with the use of topological optimization and strength calculations performed with application of the finite element method confirming the design functionality.Scientific novelty and results. The paper presents the method for bringing the loads obtained for all suspension elements to the front left point, since the driverless vehicle has a symmetrical running gear design. Taking this into account, a rigid-body dynamic model and an algorithm for processing the obtained loads for a finite element model were developed. Also, typical modes of vehicle loading were selected. The loads were distributed among the following types: operational, extreme and emergency ones. Recommendations were given for the choice of restrictions when conducting topological optimization depending on the mode type. As a result, loading patterns for suspension guiding device elements were obtained. Check calculations were carried out to confirm the design functionality.Practical significance. The obtained results can be used in development of highly loaded elements of wheeled vehicles.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122709042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a rational model range of hydrodynamic torque transformers based on their key parameters: existing approaches overview","authors":"D. S. Belabenko","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-60-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-60-72","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Today's scientific papers on hydrodynamic torque transformers are related to the topic of optimising their design in order to decrease the cost of manufacture with improvement or insignificant degradation of transforming properties and fuel economy at the same time. However, no attention is paid to the issue of building rational model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers.The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing approaches to development of model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers and to search for criteria for development of a higher-quality calculation method.Methodology and research methods. The study was carried out by comparing the model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers in question produced by various manufacturers and defining the common parameters applied to classify models in a model range.Scientific novelty and results. As a result of the analysis of model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers and existing methods of development of model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers, classification of approaches to their development has been carried out. Recommendations were also given regarding the parameters to be considered when developing model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers.The practical significance consists in the systematization of information about the model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers of different manufacturers. It is shown that building model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers according to the known methods does not take into account correspondence of their key parameters with the characteristics of the range of internal combustion engines applied together therewith. The paper offers the approach, which takes this aspect into account.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129765324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for increasing heat removal effi ciency of a cooling system radiator of an electric motor vehicle of category L","authors":"S. A. Bazavluk, I. A. Lyubimov, R. Kurmaev, I. V. Soldatov","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-30-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-30-36","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). At low vehicle driving speeds, when the ram airfl ow is minimal or completely absent, the airfl ow created by the radiator fan is of high importance for the heat removal. In this paper, the airfl ow through the radiator created by the radiator fan was used as a criterion of the heat removal effi ciency, which is calculated from the pressure drop in the radiator for various fan speeds. The possibility of increasing the airfl ow through the radiator by increasing the distance between the fan and the radiator through improvement of the casing design was considered.The purpose of the study is to analyze the infl uence of the radiator casing design on the heat removal effi ciency of the cooling system radiator.Methodology and research methods. The static pressure created at diff erent fan speeds was defi ned at the radiator inlet and outlet in 32 points (16 on each side) using the air pressure probes. The pressure readings were recorded using a 64-channel pressure scanner.Scientifi c novelty and results. The paper deals with research into the infl uence of the distance between the fan and the cooling system radiator surface on the heat removal effi ciency by increasing of the airfl ow through the cooling system radiator. The results of the experiment to determine the optimal distance between the radiator and the fan for various rotational speeds are presented.Practical signifi cance. The value of the distance between the fan and the radiator was determined, which makes it possible to achieve an increase in the airfl ow through the radiator due to more uniform distribution of the airfl ow created by the fan mounted on the radiator casing over the radiator surface","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131530903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical review of approaches to control over longitudinal and lateral dynamics of an autonomous vehicle","authors":"D. Yusupov","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-82-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-82-90","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). One of the major tasks when autonomous vehicle motion implementing is control over the vehicle actuating mechanisms to complete the requests from the controllers responsible for the motion trajectory planning. Currently, the longitudinal dynamics control is performed by controlling the torque on the wheels from the power unit and braking system, while the lateral control is performed through steering control. The paper considers the existing approaches to motion control for vehicles of diff erent automation levels and diff erent types of controllers with their advantages and disadvantages.The purpose of the study is to conduct the analytical review of the approaches being used to control longitudinal and lateral dynamics of an autonomous vehicle, to compare the regularities and logic of the solutions being used and the vehicle theory, and to specify the main issues and problems of autonomous vehicle dynamics control.Methodology and research methods. Analytical research method: analysis of domestic and foreign technical literature suggesting the approaches to control autonomous vehicle actuating mechanisms.Scientifi c novelty and results. Analysis of the approaches when forming the algorithms to control autonomous vehicle actuating mechanisms has been performed and the regularities and logic of solutions being used and the vehicle theory have been compared. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion has been made that there are no approaches of controller synthesis to control actuating mechanisms of a highly automated vehicle, the structure of which is theoretically substantiated when solving the control problem taking into account the vehicle theory, optimal control principles and adaptive control principles.Practical signifi cance. The research results can be used when setting the task to develop lower level control systems using the quality functional where the controller synthesis is made following the results of solving the control task based on the vehicle theory, optimal control principles and adaptive control principles, and the controller structure is theoretically substantiated.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128960662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic basis for refi ned calculation of the operating cycle of a reciprocating internal combustion engine","authors":"L. Matiukhin","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-19-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-19-29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The notion of “charge coeffi cient” used only by the engine building specialists has a number of signifi cant disadvantages, since this coeffi cient characterizes not the charge as such, but only its deterioration. In particular, it is impossible to specify its limit value, at which the maximum engine power is achieved.The purpose of the study is to search for a parameter alternative to the charge coeffi cient and quantitatively determining the charge degree of the total cylinder volume with the incoming charge. The parameter shall unambiguously estimate the charge reserves and the limit value one shall aim at in order to achieve the maximum engine power with no incoming charge losses as a result of scavenging.Methodology and research methods. In order to solve the assigned task, thermodynamic analysis of gas exchange results was used, on the basis of the ratios of the components of the resulting air-fuel mixture.Scientifi c novelty and results. The paper proves that the charge is unambiguously characterized by the basic technical notion of a proportion – a proportion of incoming charge σСЗ in the air-fuel mixture. Accordingly, the proportion of residual gases representing diff erence σr= 1 σСЗ allows estimating the degree of internal recirculation and, on the other hand, characterizes the charge reserves.Practical signifi cance. The suggested approach allows taking into account the infl uence of the used fuel type (its molar weight), external recirculation and (variable) valve timing on the charge. Thus, it is possible to relate the charging up coeffi cient to the purifi cation coeffi cient as well as to decrease the number of independent variables when conducting thermal calculation of the operating cycle of the reciprocating internal combustion engine, which ultimately simplifi es its performance.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127082988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of vehicle windscreen fogging by means of automatic climate control when driving","authors":"V. V. Ignat’ev, S. N. Semikin","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-37-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-37-45","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). A great deal of attention is paid to the problem of increasing the effi ciency of automatic control of glass fogging. Hundreds of research and studies have been carried out, and a great deal of papers by American, Japanese, Korean, European, Chinese, Iranian and other authors have been published within this topic. The ability of the vehicle HVAC system to automatically detect and prevent potential windscreen fogging improves safety. Less obvious is that it allows reduction of energy costs (prevention of fogging is more energy saving than removal of condensate) and also wider use of the means available in the vehicle, the usage of which usually leads to fogging problems. The paper describes the principles of automatic prevention of windscreen fogging by means of the vehicle HVAC system when driving. It also considers the strategies of early forecasting of fogging and automatic prevention of condensation that are comfortable for the driver and passengers.The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of automatic control of windscreen fogging by means of the vehicle HVAC system.Methodology and research methods. Study of methods to assess the risk of vehicle glass fogging and to prevent it automatically. Analysis of the related scientifi c literature, technical documentation and materials published in open sources; bench experiments and fi eld tests.Scientific novelty and results. Automatic operation of the HVAC system in the vehicle windscreen fogging prevention mode when driving was considered. The scientific novelty consists in the suggested method of forecasting the risk of fogging and advanced control including simplifi ed calculation of the air dew point in the cabin, digital extrapolation of the risk level and corresponding advanced stage-by-stage correction of the HVAC system actuator control signals ensuring prevention of possible fogging.Practical signifi cance. Preliminary checking under the winter field test conditions has shown the efficiency of the proposed method of windscreen fogging prevention compared to the typical way of controlling the risk of fogging. Further research is planned to obtain quantitative indicators of efficiency and economy of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122642904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of residual stress-strain behavior of a load-bearing system of a skid-steer loader under multiple loads according to the ROPS safety standard","authors":"M. V. Chetverikov, R. Goncharov, D. Butarovich","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-46-55","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Ensuring safety of road vehicles is a relevant problem. It is particularly applicable to the road construction machinery. The paper presents an algorithm that allows obtaining the most accurate results of calculations according to the procedure described in GOST R ISO 3471 (ROPS): Earth-moving machinery. Roll-over protective structures. Technical requirements and laboratory tests.The purpose of the study is to investigate the stress-strain behavior (SSB) of a structure of a utility platform taking into account residual stresses, strains and relaxation of the structure under multiple loads according to the roll-over safety requirements for earth-moving machinery.Methodology and research methods. The paper presents a skid-steer loader cabin model created in a fi nite element analysis program to perform the strength calculations. The comparative assessment was performed based on the results of a full-scale experiment carried out on a real structure and of virtual simulations. The research object is a skid-steer loader cabin. The research subject is the design methods for vehicle load-bearing structures and their use taking into account operating conditions.Scientific novelty and results. An algorithm has been created which takes into account residual stresses, strains and relaxation of the structure for further loading and allowing reduction of a displacement calculation error for a utility platform from 84.5 to 4.5%. The internal energy reached under vertical load is 426% higher, while for the longitudinal load case it is 14.6% higher, than for the option not taking into account residual stresses and strains.Practical signifi cance. The proposed algorithm allows considering the requirements of GOST R ISO 3471 regarding prevention of structure readjustment or repair between loadings, which is an actual operating mode.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114267822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric power, hydrogen or e-fuel?","authors":"M. Zlenko, A. Terenchenko","doi":"10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-56-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-56-81","url":null,"abstract":"Electrifi cation of motor vehicles is one of the most discussed and relevant issues of the modern society. Is it really the way to perfection and harmonization of coexistence of human civilization and nature? Should Russia follow the road that Europe is paving? Or do we as usual have our own unique way? Are there any objective prerequisites for sensitive changes for us, Russian citizens, in the energy sector, transport infrastructure and, as a result, in the life of our society? The paper contains a comparative analysis of various vehicle electrifi cation scenarios in Russia and shows that the energy and environmental effi ciency of vehicle electrifi cation considerably depends on the type of electric energy used for electrifi cation. The key goal of the energy transition, which is to limit the greenhouse gases emissions, can be achieved only by means of non-carbon electric power generation. The authors studied 20 variants of electrifi cation of an average passenger vehicle with various electric power generation quality (electric power generating systems’ carbon footprint) and diverse power units – pure electric (BEV), hybrid (HEV and PHEV), fuel cells (FC), with diff erent types of primary power sources, and concluded that, fi rst, the role of hydrogen as vehicle fuel is vastly overestimated; second, it is rather hydrogen derivatives such as e-fuels that have brighter prospects to be used in transport; and, third, besides BEV, the urban niche of which is long and quite reasonably predefi ned, PHEV-type vehicles can be the most effi cient in terms of both customer requirements for the quality of mobility and social requirements for environmental effi ciency of the vehicles on the whole.","PeriodicalId":122822,"journal":{"name":"Trudy NAMI","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125079535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}