Jameson Dowell, BS, Trent Weatherly, BS, Lorenzo Sabido, MD, Imad Riazuddin, MD, Elliot Blankespoor, MD, Ahmed Haque, MD, Michael Medina, MD
{"title":"Bilateral Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks for Refractory Burning Mouth Syndrome","authors":"Jameson Dowell, BS, Trent Weatherly, BS, Lorenzo Sabido, MD, Imad Riazuddin, MD, Elliot Blankespoor, MD, Ahmed Haque, MD, Michael Medina, MD","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.277","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a debilitating condition that produces a burning pain of the oral cavity and does not have identifiable inciting factors. There are no established treatments, but neuropathic medications have been trialed with variable efficacy. Utilizing targeted nerve blocks could provide therapeutic benefit when treating patients with refractory BMS symptoms. CASE REPORT: This case describes the treatment of a 61-year-old woman with BMS who presents with refractory symptoms despite maximum dose trials of neuropathic medications. She was successfully treated using bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion blocks. The patient reported a decrease in pain from 7/10 to 1/10 one day after the procedure and described a 90% benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion blocks should be considered to treat refractory BMS. KEY WORDS: Refractory burning mouth syndrome, burning tongue, stomatodynia, nerve block, local anesthesia, pain management","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129569316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dexmedetomidine for Transforaminal Epidural Injection for Lumbosacral Radicular Pain in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Case Series","authors":"Sarfaraz Ahmad, MD, Ajeet Kumar, MD, Kunal Singh, MD, Shagufla Naaz, MD","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.241","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Epidural steroid injection is challenging in patients with diabetes due to its associated complications including metabolic endocrine changes and osteoporosis. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 agonist that has analgesic effects without affecting respiratory depression; its analgesic effect is achieved by on and above the spinal cord level. CASE REPORT: Under fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal injection of dexmedetomidine 50 µg with 0.2% ropivacaine, 2 mL were administered in 10 patients with diabetes mellitus. After the procedure, the Numeric Rating Scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, motor power, and sensory examination were assessed at one-week, one-month, and 3-month intervals. CONCLUSIONS: The use of dexmedetomidine for transforaminal injection in treating lumbosacral radicular pain appears to show encouraging results: it is feasible, safe, and associated with minimal adverse effects. KEY WORDS: Dexmedetomidine, lumbosacral radicular pain, neuropathic pain, neuroprotective","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129221655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan Huy Nguyen, MD, Andrew Nguyen, MD, Talin Evazyan, MD
{"title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Following Explantation of Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulator Device: A Case Report","authors":"Ryan Huy Nguyen, MD, Andrew Nguyen, MD, Talin Evazyan, MD","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.255","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: While spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a safe and effective treatment for chronic pain, some patients require explantation of their devices due to complications or inadequate pain control. The rate of SCS implantation has steadily increased over the years; however, the complications of percutaneous lead extraction have not been well-documented in the scientific literature. CASE REPORT: We present an 86-year-old patient at our institution who developed an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak during SCS explantation. The leak was conservatively managed with tight surgical closure and placement of an abdominal binder. The patient tolerated the procedure well and only developed a minor headache which self-resolved. CONCLUSION: Although rare, SCS lead extraction can cause CSF leakage from unintentional intraoperative dural tear. While most CSF leaks can be managed conservatively and do not require surgical repair, pain physicians need to be well-informed on how to manage CSF leaks that occur during SCS explantation. KEY WORDS: Case report, cerebrospinal fluid leak, chronic pain, explantation, spinal cord stimulation","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126354032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1. Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Knee With Peripheral Nerve Stimulation After Failed Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation","authors":"Stephen Music, DO, Tolga Suvar, MD","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.261","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic progressive neuropathic condition that generally presents following trauma, surgical procedures, or develop spontaneously. Clinical recommendations are to pursue early, multifactorial treatment modalities, such as physical therapy, psychotherapy, along with medications. If conservative treatment becomes insufficient, interventional treatments, such as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), have been proven effective measures in treating the condition. CASE REPORT: A 44-year-old woman, who underwent multiple knee surgeries originally for osteoarthritis, developed CRPS Type II around her right knee. A L3/L4 DRG stimulator was implanted after conservative treatment failed. She reported 50% improvement and reduced opioid requirement. Symptoms returned due to a L3 DRG lead fracture with an attempted revision. However, postsurgical complications developed: neuroforaminal scarring, which precluded lead replacement and resulted in explantation. A PNS implant was pursued with reported 75% to 80% symptom relief, titration off all medications, and significant return of function. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights PNS in treating advanced CRPS either as the initial neurostimulator of choice in select populations or as an effective alternative in the event that DRG stimulation or spinal cord stimulation proves ineffective or unfeasible. Here, our patient illustrated favorable results with PNS vs DRG in her CRPS management allowing her to regain her ability to function independently of constant pain and opioids. KEY WORDS: Complex regional pain syndrome, dorsal root ganglion stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, case report","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134085600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carl-Elie Majdalani, MD, Christopher Mares, MD, Daniel Shedid, MD, Sung-Joo Yuh, MD
{"title":"A Rare Calcified Complication of Epidural Injections for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Case Presentation and Literature Review","authors":"Carl-Elie Majdalani, MD, Christopher Mares, MD, Daniel Shedid, MD, Sung-Joo Yuh, MD","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.271","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Neurogenic claudication secondary to degenerative lumbar stenosis is typically managed with nonsurgical options, such as epidural corticosteroid injections. As a standard and effective treatment for lumbar stenosis, clinicians must be aware of the corticosteroids choice when injecting in the epidural space. CASE REPORT: A 62-year-old man presenting with sciatic pain is treated with multiple neuroforaminal, facet, and caudal corticoid injections over the course of several months without any symptomatic resolution. A magnetic resonance imaging of his lumbar spine revealed focal bilateral central stenosis at the L4-L5 level. A computed tomography revealed hyperdense lesions at that level. The patient was referred for a surgical option. He underwent complete minimally invasive resection of the bilateral lesion with instrumented and interbody fusion. The final pathology report identified the mass as a calcified granuloma. CONCLUSIONS: Following repetitive methylprednisolone acetate injections, one must be aware of all the potential complications arising from particulate corticosteroids. KEY WORDS: Spinal stenosis, epidural injections, granulomas, corticosteroids","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128132768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heena Garg, MD, Jay Prakash Thakur, MD, Jyotsna Punj, MD
{"title":"Percutaneous Peripheral Radiofrequency Ablation of Mandibular Nerve: Case Series of Seven Patients","authors":"Heena Garg, MD, Jay Prakash Thakur, MD, Jyotsna Punj, MD","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.285","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: For longer pain relief from mandibular neuralgia (MN), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of trigeminal ganglion is undertaken intracranially and fluoroscopically. OBJECTIVES: For better safety, extracranial peripheral percutaneous mandibular nerve block (EPPMNB) has been tried; however, to the best of our knowledge, no such large series is published. STUDY DESIGN: Seven patients of MN were enrolled for EPPMNB. SETTINGS: Pain Outpatient Department (OPD) METHODS: Seven patients of MN underwent EPPMNB. RESULTS: EPPMNB can be safely undertaken in OPD with low risk of complications and is efficacious for long-term treatment for MN. LIMITATIONS: Further randomized controlled trials are required for definitive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: EPPMNB with RFA is safe and effective for MN. KEY WORDS: Mandibular neuralgia, radiofrequency ablation, trigeminal ganglion","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126882144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Roys, MD, Marissa Catalanatto, MD, Christian Vangeison, DO, Emanuel Husu, MD
{"title":"The Role of Caudal Epidural Steroid Injections in Diabetic Lumbosacral Radiculoplexus Neuropathy: A Case Report","authors":"Joseph Roys, MD, Marissa Catalanatto, MD, Christian Vangeison, DO, Emanuel Husu, MD","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.267","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy (DLSRPN) or diabetic amyotrophy, although relatively uncommon and typically self-resolving, often leads to a period of severe compromise in quality of life. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with 6 months of bilateral lower extremity weakness and neuropathic pain, diagnosed with diabetic lumbosacral plexopathy. Her recovery course was significantly improved by receiving a caudal epidural steroid injection (ESI) to address her pain and decreased function that was not sufficiently controlled by neuropathic agents and oral opioids. CONCLUSIONS: Caudal ESI may have a beneficial role treatment of DLSRPN to facilitate participation in a functional rehabilitation program. KEY WORDS: Diabetic lumbosacral plexopathy, diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, diabetic amyotrophy, Bruns-Garland syndrome, proximal diabetic neuropathy, caudal epidural steroid injection, epidural steroid injection, chronic pain","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123929534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harman Chopra, MD, Alexander Shustorovich, DO, Seth Katzen, DO, Joel Castellanos, MD
{"title":"Prolonged Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) Trial Adequately Treats Neuropathic Pain Due to Malignant Invasion of the Lumbosacral Plexus: A Case Report","authors":"Harman Chopra, MD, Alexander Shustorovich, DO, Seth Katzen, DO, Joel Castellanos, MD","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.245","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Pain control remains a challenge for patients suffering from acute malignancy-induced pain. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation, normally indicated for chronic pain syndromes, may be an effective tool against neuropathic pain in the setting of tumor invasion. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for stage 1A endometrial adenocarcinoma status post robotic total hysterectomy and a recently diagnosed presacral mass (high-grade undifferentiated squamous carcinoma) presented for neurosurgical evaluation due to subacute onset of urinary retention, constipation, weight loss, and left lower-extremity pain associated with dysesthesia and impaired gait. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated direct invasion of the inferior sacrum and moderate spinal canal stenosis. After a multimodal regimen failed, the inpatient pain service was consulted for consideration of advanced modalities. Since the patient experienced relief from an epidural steroid injection (ESI), the team placed DRG trial leads proximal to the sacral mass at the left L5 and S1 DRGs. The patient had an immediate postoperative pain reduction of 75% to 90%. The primary team and family elected for a prolonged trial (> 7 days) as the patient’s neuropathic pain was significantly improved until the patient expired 22 days post placement. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first DRG trial used to treat refractory, acute cancer-related pain. KEY WORDS: Acute pain, cancer, case report, dorsal root ganglion stimulator, DRG trial, lumbosacral plexus, malignancy pain, neuromodulation, neuropathy, pain","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116472123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kümmell’s Disease: An Interventional Pain Approach","authors":"Ryan Barrera, Krishna Shah","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.25","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Kümmell’s disease is a rare diagnosis that involves avascular necrosis of the vertebral body after minor injury. Presentation is subtle and there are pathognomonic findings on imaging. Treatment ranges from symptom management to vertebral augmentation to open surgery depending on patient preference. CASE REPORT: We evaluated the case of an 88-year-old woman with a past medical history of scoliosis who presented to clinic complaining severe low back pain with associated neurologic symptoms 2 weeks after a fall at home. Imaging showed avascular necrosis of T12. CONCLUSIONS: After discussion with the patient, she elected to proceed with a unilateral lumbar medial branch block over vertebral augmentation. Pain scores greatly improved and opioid usage decreased. KEY WORDS: Case report, Kümmell’s disease, avascular necrosis, medial branch block","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"116 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120941051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subthreshold Peripheral Nerve Stimulation with a High Frequency Electro-Magnetic Couple Powered Implanted Receiver for the Treatment of Chronic Shoulder Pain","authors":"R. Ycaza, Niek Vanquathem","doi":"10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/pmcr.2022.6.9","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain has an estimated population prevalence of up to 26%. The most common source of shoulder pain is the rotator cuff, which is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, accounting for over two-thirds of cases. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old man presented with sharp, localized pain on abduction of the left shoulder due to a left rotator cuff tear. A diagnostic nerve block provided 100% short-term pain relief. Subsequently a peripheral nerve stimulator trial was offered to the patient, which was successful. The permanent peripheral nerve stimulator was implanted at the supraspinous fossa with the middle electrodes at the suprascapular notch. A receiver was inserted into the inner lumen of electrode array and the neurostimulator was coiled and fixated to the fascia. The following stimulation settings were used: frequency at 1.5 kHz, pulse width at 30 µs, and amplitude of 3.5 mA. CONCLUSION: At one year after implant, the patient had close to 100% pain relief and reported excellent mobility of the shoulder. Wirelessly powered peripheral nerve simulation was a successful option for this patient suffering from debilitating left shoulder pain due to a left rotator cuff tear. KEY WORDS: Chronic shoulder pain, glenohumeral osteoarthritis, peripheral nerve stimulator, suprascapular neuralgia","PeriodicalId":122753,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine Case Reports","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}